2. Economia collaborativa: economia incentrata
su relazioni che “hanno come punto di
partenza la condivisione di un sapere o bene di
base che crea i presupposti per la
comunicazione e la cooperazione”
Collaborative Economics
3. Nei tempi recenti si e' ritenuta possibile una
economia collaborativa solo per i “soft items”
dove la componente materiale e' nulla. A volte
nemmeno li'.
Collaborative Economics
4. “The open source process violates every
principle of security. It welcomes everyone to
contribute to Linux. Now that foreign
intelligence agencies and terrorists know that
Linux is going to control our most advanced
defense systems, they can use fake identities to
contribute subversive software that will soon
be incorporated into our most advanced
defense systems.” (Green Hills Software CEO,
Dan O'Dowd)
Collaborative Economics
5. Percentuale di codice OSS nel pool
complessivo di codice creato negli ultimi 5
anni: 35%
Collaborative Economics
6. “While IBM initially contributed software
that was valued at 40M$, external
contributors to the project created software
representing a value of roughly 1.7B$ over
the examined period.” (Spaeth, Stuermer,
von Krogh “Enabling knowledge creation
through outsiders: towards a push model of
open innovation”)
Collaborative Economics
8. “Using it [Wikipedia] is like asking questions
to a bloke you met in the pub. He might be a
nuclear physicist. Or he might be a fruitcake”.
P. Valley, The Independent
Collaborative Economics
9. "In the study, entries were chosen from the
websites of Wikipedia and Encyclopaedia
Britannica on a broad range of scientific
disciplines and sent to a relevant expert for
peer review. … Only eight serious errors, such
as misinterpretations of important concepts,
were detected in the pairs of articles reviewed,
four from each encyclopaedia. But reviewers
also found many factual errors, omissions or
misleading statements: 162 and 123 in
Wikipedia and Britannica, respectively."
[Nature, 2005]
Collaborative Economics
10. “Quality of information sources about mental
disorders: a comparison of Wikipedia with
centrally controlled web and printed sources.”
Reavley NJ, Mackinnon AJ, Morgan AJ,
Alvarez-Jimenez M, Hetrick SE, Killackey E,
Nelson B, Purcell R, Yap MB, Jorm AF.
Psychol Med. 2012 Aug;42(8):1753-62.
“CONCLUSIONS: The quality of information
on depression and schizophrenia on Wikipedia
is generally as good as, or better than, that
provided by centrally controlled websites,
Encyclopaedia Britannica and a psychiatry
textbook.”
Collaborative Economics
11. Il modello collaborativo funziona su larga
scala nel software e in altri “soft sectors”.
Puo' funzionare altrove? Perche' dovrebbe?
Collaborative Economics
14. Il Boston Consulting Group osservò una
regolarità nella riduzione dei costi (e dei prezzi)
associata all'incremento della produzione
cumulata. Al raddoppiare di quest'ultima,
corrispondeva una diminuzione dei costi unitari
(e anche dei prezzi) compresa tra il 20 e il 30%.
Si può cosi formulare la seguente legge
dell'esperienza: "Il costo unitario del valore
aggiunto di un prodotto standardizzato si riduce
secondo una percentuale costante (di solito il
20-30%) ogni volta che la produzione cumulata
raddoppia".
Collaborative Economics
16. Assunto essenziale: tutti gli utenti possono
essere serviti con lo stesso oggetto, e tale
oggetto e' migliore di quanto realizzabile
dall'utente stesso (almeno in proporzione al
rapporto di costo)
Collaborative Economics
18. “It has long been assumed that product
innovations are typically developed by product
manufacturers. Because this assumption deals
with the basic matter of who the innovator is,
it has inevitably had a major impact on
innovation-related
research,
on
firms'
management of research and development, and
on government innovation policy . However, it
now appears that this basic assumption is
often wrong.” Von Hippel, 1998
Collaborative Economics