Incredible invaders: How bark and ambrosia beetles are colonizing the world

1. Incredible Invaders: how
wood boring beetles are
colonizing the world
Caroline Storer
Jiri Hulcr
Craig Bateman
Martin Kostovcik
School of Forest Resources and Conservation
University of Florida

3. lionfish
wild pigs
hydrilla
fire ants
purple swamphen

4. The wood boring ambrosia beetles

5. The redbay ambrosia beetle

8. Are
avocados
next?

9. Cumulative number of established invasive
bark and ambrosia beetles species in the U.S.
Lee et al. 2007

10. Why are bark and ambrosia beetles
incredible invaders?

11. Ambrosia beetles build galleries in the xylem of
dying trees for farming their symbiotic fungus

12. They carry fungus in specialized tissue called mycangia

13. Ambrosia beetles push
excavated material out
of galleries for fungus
farming

14. Ambrosia beetles have bizarre genetics

15. Ambrosia beetles have bizarre genetics
Haplo-diploid: Females
produce many diploid
daughters and one haploid
son
haploid son
diploid
mother

17. Ambrosia beetles have bizarre genetics
Haplo-diploid: Females
produce many diploid
daughters and one haploid
son
haploid son
diploid
mother

18. Ambrosia beetles have bizarre genetics
Haplo-diploid: Females
produce many diploid
daughters and one haploid
son
Inbreed: The haploid son
mates with its sisters
haploid son
diploid
mother

19. A single female can start a new
population

20. Provide new insights into the ecology of
the ambrosia beetles using emerging
molecular tools

21. Diversity and specificity of fungal symbionts in
Ambrosia beetles

22. Diversity and specificity of fungal symbionts in
Ambrosia beetles
Fungal cultures from exotic and native beetles

23. Diversity and specificity of fungal symbionts in
Ambrosia beetles
Xyleborus affinis
Xylosandrus crassiusculus
Xyleborus ferrugineus
High-throughput sequencing of exotic and native beetle fungal
communities

24. Diversity and abundance of fungal communities is variable and
sometimes beetle species specific

25. Patterns of symbiont diversity
Beetle
Fungus community
Euwallacea
diverse, less specific
Xyleborus
diverse, less specific
Xylosandrus
less diverse, more specific

26. Patterns of symbiont diversity
Beetle
Fungus community
Euwallacea
diverse, less specific
Xyleborus
diverse, less specific
Xylosandrus
less diverse, more specific
Mycangia

27. Population structure and inbreeding in
Ambrosia beetles

28. Xylosandrus crassiusculus
1
mm
o Abundant
o Exotic (in the US)
o Sometimes pest

29. Xylosandrus crassiusculus
Maryland
Northern NC
1
mm
Southern NC
South Carolina
o Abundant
o Exotic (in the US)
North Florida
Central Florida
o Sometimes pest
2-3 beetles sequenced
from 6 locations

30. genotype-bysequencing

31. genotype-by-sequencing

32. genotype-by-sequencing
o Fast
- No marker development
- Sample prep takes days

33. genotype-by-sequencing
o Fast
- No marker development
- Sample prep takes days
o High-throughput
- 100s of individuals
- 100s of genotypes

34. genotype-by-sequencing
o Fast
- No marker development
- Sample prep takes days
o High-throughput
- 100s of individuals
- 100s of genotypes
o Robust
- High-quality sequence data
- Biological signals are recoverable (Buerkle & Gompert 2013)

35. genotype-by-sequencing
o Fast
- No marker development
- Sample prep takes days
o High-throughput
- 100s of individuals
- 100s of genotypes
o Robust
- High-quality sequence data
- Biological signals are recoverable (Buerkle & Gompert 2013)

36. restriction-site associated sequencing
(RADseq)

37. restriction-site associated sequencing
(RADseq)
Petterson et al. 2012

38. restriction-site associated sequencing
(RADseq)
ddRADseq enables the sequencing of the same genomic region in
many taxonomically related individuals
Petterson et al. 2012

39. No population structure associated with
geographic location
Central Florida
North Florida
South Carolina
Southern North Carolina
Northern North Carolina
Maryland
Principal
coordinate 2
(14.54%)
Principal coordinate 1 (35.34%)

40. Inbreeding detected at most loci
1
0.8
0.6
FIS
0.4
FIS > 0
inbreeding
0.2
0
-­‐0.2
-­‐0.4
-­‐0.6
FIS < 0
outbreeding
-­‐0.8
-­‐1
locus

41. o Genotype-by-sequencing is possible

42. o Genotype-by-sequencing is possible
o High inbreeding (>0.8) at most loci, but
some outbreeding may occur

43. o Genotype-by-sequencing is possible
o High inbreeding (>0.8) at most loci, but
some outbreeding may occur
o No genetic structure associated with
geographic location

44. o Genotype-by-sequencing is possible
o High inbreeding (>0.8) at most loci, but
some outbreeding may occur
o No genetic structure associated with
geographic location
o High genetic similarity between some
individuals, but not clonal

45. o What is the global population structure
ambrosia beetles?

46. o What is the global population structure
ambrosia beetles?
o How does population structure differ between
outbreeding and inbreeding ambrosia
beetles?

47. o What is the global population structure
ambrosia beetles?
o How does population structure differ between
outbreeding and inbreeding ambrosia
beetles? Native and exotic?

48. o What is the global population structure
ambrosia beetles?
o How does population structure differ between
outbreeding and inbreeding ambrosia
beetles? Native and exotic?
o Is population structure correlated with fungal
symbiont biodiversity?

49. o What is the global population structure
ambrosia beetles?
o How does population structure differ between
outbreeding and inbreeding ambrosia
beetles? Native and exotic?
o Is population structure correlated with fungal
symbiont biodiversity?
o Are species complexes a phenotypically
plastic single species or distinct cryptic
species?

50. Why are bark and ambrosia beetles
incredible invaders?

51. Why are bark and ambrosia beetles
incredible invaders?
o Fungal community diversity and specificity may
facilitate colonization

52. Why are bark and ambrosia beetles
incredible invaders?
o Beetle fungal community diversity and specificity
may facilitate colonization
o Some outbreeding may increase genetic
variation, increasing the chances of establishing
populations in a new environment

53. www.backyardbarkbeetles.org/

54. The Forest Entomology
Lab at University of
Florida
Dr. Jiri
Hulcr
Andrew
Johnson
Martin
Kostovcik
Polly Harding (not shown)
Craig
Bateman
UF
Graduate
Student
Council

55. Thanks!
cgstorer@gmail.com
http://about.me/caroline.storer

56. 1
Sequences are sorted by an individual’s unique barcode...

57. 1
Sequences are sorted by an individual’s unique barcode...
2
then assembled into locus stacks based on sequence similarity
Stack 1
Stack 2
Stack X

59. 89,429 stacks in
catalog

60. 89,429 stacks in
catalog

61. 89,429 stacks in
catalog
21,860 stacks
shared across
individuals

62. 89,429 stacks in
catalog
21,860 stacks
shared across
individuals
2,984
SNP loci
genotyped