1. EVOLUTION OF THE AIRPLANE BY: JIMMY TANG, CJ PATTON

2. What is an aircraft? An aircraft is a vehicle which is able to fly by being supported by the air, or in general, the atmosphere of a planet. Rockets are not considered aircraft because they do not rely on lift from aerodynamics to fly, relying instead on rocket thrust.

3. First Flight Orville and Wilbur Wright December 17, 1903 First powered flight Created method for pilots to control Formula for lift – Smeaton coefficient http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/history/top10/wright-flyer.jpg

4. SmeatonCoefficent http://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/smeaton.html

5. 1903-1927 1903 – First flight by Wright Brothers 1909 – First flight across English Channel 1910 – Henri Fabre takes off from water 1914 – Aerial combat in WWI, no deaths 1919 – First transatlantic crossing by two 1922 – First successful parachute jump 1927 – Lindbergh flies solo across Atlantic http://www.census.gov/history/img/StLouis1920s.jpg http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2134/2143767421_9a647d1f2d_z.jpg?zz=1

6. 1927-1949 1929 – Fritz Opel makes first rocket flight 1937 – Hanna Reitsch pilots helicopter 1939 – First successful turbojet engine 1942 – Messerschmitt Me-262 is flown for the first time, the fastest aircraft of WWII 1947 – Yeager breaks sound barrier in X-1 1949 – B-50A circles the globe nonstop http://www.webpromotor4u.com/no.gif http://history.nasa.gov/x1/x1_color.gif http://www.aviationspectator.com/files/images/Boeing-B-50-Superfortress-034.preview.jpg

7. 1952-Present 1952 – First commercial jetliner 1969 – Tu-144 jetliner breaks sound barrier 1981 – Solar powered craft flies across English Channel 1986 – Nonstop global flight without refuelling 2006 – Steve Fosset flies around the world twice

8. Evolution

9. Early aircraft design Biplanes and triplanes Number of wings meant lots of drag, but enough lift for low speed take-offs Low performance Weak engines Wooden propellers Rotary engines Wooden construction http://www.youngeagles.com/photos/gallery/Biplanes/HatzBiplane.jpg http://www.avsim.com/pages/0801/combat_aces/redbaron_fokker_triplane.jpg

10. Pinnacle of the Piston Engine Transition to metals Faster, higher flying Larger payload More agile Powerful engines Longer range Hydraulic controls made high speed maneuvers possible http://www.propagandaposters.us/imagesofwar/b-17.jpg http://www.allfordmustangs.com/articlemanager/uploads/1/p51.jpg

11. First Turbojets Turbojets used controlled explosion More speed, power Swept wing design lowered drag Larger aircraft Commercial aircraft becoming more common http://files.blog-city.com/files/A05/141484/p/f/b47_stratojet.jpg http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/commun/ml-fe/images/articles/fullSize/12-39-12c.jpg

12. High Performance Powerful engines such as the J-74 pushed speeds past mach 2 Extreme ranges and payloads possible Engines became more efficient, afterburner introduced http://gadgetophilia.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/f-4_phantom_ii_in_flying.jpg http://www.myptsmail.com/hotdog256/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/bombers_b52_0008.jpg

13. Commercial Enterprise Boeing 707, Douglas DC-10 became successful Efficient transport More people could move through the air Safe way of travel http://www.thewallpapers.org/photo/14996/Boeing_707-003.jpg http://www.youngeagles.org/photos/gallery/Airliners/DouglasDC-10_1.jpg

14. Turbofans Evolve Turbofans increased efficiency Fly-by-Wire Increase in speed, range, payload Turbofans used larger air compressors http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/images/f-16c-19990601-f-0073c-005.jpg http://www.scramble.nl/wiki/images/thumb/e/e4/ENG_F110-GE-129_Testing_lg.jpg/300px-ENG_F110-GE-129_Testing_lg.jpg

15. Next Generation Experiments with forward swept wings for higher agility F-35 JSF vertical take-off and landing Improved computer power allows potentially unstable aircraft to fly with great agility http://media.defenseindustrydaily.com/images/AIR_F-35_JSF_lg.jpg http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/s37/images/img7.jpg

16. Commercial Future Automated landings Larger passenger capacity Longer flight range More services onboard Technologically rich environments http://www.smh.com.au/ffximage/2007/08/17/AirbusA380_wideweb__470x290,0.jpg https://bcsengage.wikispaces.com/file/view/BOEINg.jpg/51185931/BOEINg.jpg

17. Environmental and Social Impact

18. Atmospheric Effects Higher altitudes mean more effect of greenhouse gases on the Earth Huge amounts of carbon dioxide emitted into the air Approx. 1.5M people a day fly in the U.S. http://www.valc.com.vn/Uploads/LibraryImages/2009/11/18/contrails.jpg

19. Emissions Chart http://dev.ulb.ac.be/ceese/ABC_Impacts/glossary/images_glossary/emissions_CO2.png

20. Bibliography Anonymous. (n.d.). How many people fly in the USA every day? | Answerbag. Answerbag.com | Ask Questions, Get Answers, Find Information . Retrieved September 12, 2010, from http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/1289342 (tags: none | edit tags) Greenhouse Gas Pollution in the Stratosphere Due to Increasing Airplane Traffic, Effects On the Environment. (n.d.). U-M Personal World Wide Web Server. Retrieved September 12, 2010, from http://www-personal.umich.edu/~murty/planetravel2/planetravel2.html (tags: none | edit tags) The, t. l. (n.d.). Smeaton Pressure Coefficient. Re-Living the Wright Way -- NASA. Retrieved September 9, 2010, from http://wright.nasa.gov/airplane/smeaton.html (tags: none | edit tags) Thornborough, A. (1995). Modern Fighter Aircraft Technology and Tactics: Into Combat With Today's Fighter Pilots. cambridge: Patrick Stephens. (tags: none | edit tags) Timeline of Flight. (n.d.). Diseno-art.com | From Concept Cars to Power Boats. Retrieved September 9, 2010, from http://www.diseno-art.com/encyclopedia/archive/timeline_of_flight.html (tags: none | edit tags) Wright Flyer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved September 9, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_Flyer (tags: none | edit tags) name. (n.d.). Aircraft - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved September 9, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft (tags: none | edit tags)