1.ANDROID 2.INTRODUCTION Android is a Linux-based operating system designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Initially developed by Android, Inc., which Google backed financially and later bought in 2005, Android was unveiled in 2007 along with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance: a consortium of hardware, software, and telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. The first Android-powered phone was sold in October 2008. 3.ARCHITECTURE 4.Android consists of a kernel based on Linux kernel version 2.6 and, from Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich onwards, version 3.x, with middleware, libraries and APIs written in C, and application software running on an application framework which includes Java-compatible libraries based on Apache Harmony. Android uses the Dalvik virtual machine with just-in-time compilation to run Dalvik 'dex-code' (Dalvik Executable), which is usually translated from Java bytecode.The main hardware platform for Android is the ARM architecture. 5.APPLICATIONS Android has a growing selection of third party applications, which can be acquired by users either through an app store such as Google Play or the Amazon Appstore, or by downloading and installing the application's APK file from a third-party site. The Play Store application allows users to browse, download and update apps published by Google and third-party developers, and is pre-installed on devices that comply with Google's compatibility requirements. 6.APPLICATIONS The app filters the list of available applications to those that are compatible with the user's device, and developers may restrict their applications to particular carriers or countries for business reasons. Purchases of unwanted applications can be refunded within 15 minutes of the time of download, and some carriers offer direct carrier billing for Google Play application purchases, where the cost of the application is added to the user's monthly bill. As of September 2012, there were more than 675,000 apps available for Android, and the estimated number of applications downloaded from the Play Store was 25 billion. 7.SECURITY & PRIVACY Android applications run in a sandbox, an isolated area of the system that does not have access to the rest of the system's resources, unless access permissions are explicitly granted by the user when the application is installed. Before installing an application, the Play Store displays all required permissions: a game may need to enable vibration or save data to an SD card, for example, but should not need to read SMS messages or access the phonebook. After reviewing these permissions, the user can choose to accept or refuse them, installing the application only if they accept.

1. R.C.PATEL INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
Prepared by
Chakrapani Tripathi
BE EXTC
Roll no 66

2. Table Of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Platform
3. Software development
4. Overall evaluation

3. What Is Android?
Software especially used in hand held
devices which acts as an intermediate
between user and the device hardware

4. Introduction(1)
•A software platform and operating system for mobile
devices
•Based on the Linux kernel
•Developed by Google and later the Open Handset
Alliance (OHA)
•Allows writing managed code in the Java language

5. Introduction(2)
•Possibility to write applications in other
languages and compiling it to ARM native code
(support of Google? No)
•Unveiling of the Android platform was announced
on 5 November 2007 with the founding of OHA

6. Introduction(3)
• What is OHA?
• Open Handset Alliance
→ It's a consortium of several companies

7. Introduction(4)
•Devoted to advancing open standards for mobile
devices
•Develop technologies that will significantly lower
the cost of developing and distributing mobile
devices and services

8. Introduction(5)
• License
Version 2
Apache Software License(ASL)

9. Platform(1)
Architecture(1)

10. Platform(2)
Architecture(2)
• Android consists of a kernel based on Linux kernel version 2.6
• Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich onwards, version 3.x,
with middleware, libraries and APIs written in C,
and application software running on an application
framework which includes Java-compatible libraries based
on Apache Harmony.
• Android uses the Dalvik virtual machine with just-in-time
compilation to run Dalvik 'dex-code‘
• ARM architecture

11. Platform(3)
Hardware
• Android is not a single piece of hardware
• It's a complete, end-to-end software platform that can be
adapted to work on any number of hardware
configurations.
• Everything is there, from the boot loader all the way up to
the applications

12. Platform(3)
Operating System(s)
•Android uses Linux for its device drivers, memory
management, process management, and networking.
•Android native libraries written in C/C++ internally, but
you’ll be calling them through Java interfaces
•Dalvik Virtual Machine. Runs dex files, which are
coverted at compile time from standard class and jar files.

13. Platform(4)
Network Connectivity
It supports wireless communications using:
oGSM mobile-phone technology
o3G
o802.11 Wi-Fi networks

14. Platform(5)
Security
• Android is a multi-process system, in which each
application (and parts of the system) runs in its own
process
• User and group IDs are assigned to applications.
• Additional finer-grained security features are provided
through a "permission" mechanism

15. Platform(6)
Performance

16. Platform(7)
Features

17. Software Development(1)
Development requirements
•Java
•Android SDK
•Eclipse IDE (optional)

18. Software Development(2)
IDE and Tools
Android SDK
•Class Library
•Developer Tools
 dx – Dalvik Cross-Assembler
 aapt – Android Asset Packaging Tool
 adb – Android Debug Bridge
 ddms – Dalvik Debug Monitor Service
•Emulator and System Images
•Documentation and Sample Code
Eclipse IDE + ADT (Android Development Tools)
•Reduces Development and Testing Time
•Makes User Interface-Creation easier
•Makes Application Description Easier

19. Software Development(3)
Programming Language(s)
•Java – officially supported
•C/C++ – also possible but not supported

20. Overall Evaluation(1)
Advantages
• The entire Application framework can be reused and replaced
by selective components.
• Dalvik virtual machine enhances the power management
systems.
• Support for 2D and 3D graphics, So lot of business for
animationdevelopers.
• Reliable and enhanced data storage.
• Supports common media file format.
• GSM, EDGE, 3G, HSCSD,
Wi-Fi n/w applications support

21. Overall Evaluation(2)
Limitations
Bluetooth limitations
oAndroid doesn't support:
 Bluetooth stereo
 Contacts exchange
 Modem pairing
 Wireless keyboards
But it'll work with Bluetooth headsets
Firefox Mobile isn't coming to Android
Apps in Android Market need to be programmed with a custom form
of Java
→ Mozilla and the Fennec won't have that
• Giants like Nokia and Microsoft are not the part of the OHA

22. Overall Evaluation(3)
Versions & release dates
We can only hope that the next versions of
Android have overcome the actual limitations

23. THANK YOU