Recomendados
Recomendados
Más contenido relacionado
La actualidad más candente
La actualidad más candente (20)
Destacado
Destacado (13)
Similar a Kaanapali Makai Watch presentation 6/30/10
Similar a Kaanapali Makai Watch presentation 6/30/10 (20)
Más de changingtides
Último
Último (20)
Kaanapali Makai Watch presentation 6/30/10
- 1. Ka‘anapali Makai Watch “Talk Story” Planning Meeting Luna Kekoa & Darla White - Division of Aquatic Resource Liz Foote - Coral Reef Alliance & Project S.E.A.-Link Tamara Paltin & Robin Knox - Turbidity Task Force
- 2. Agenda Pule: Ke‘eaumoku Kapu Part 1: Turbidity Task Force and water quality: Take Action NOW! (Tamara Paltin & Robin Knox) Part 2: NOAA Coral Fellow role & responsibility; Introduction to the Kahekili Herbivore Fisheries Management Area (KHFMA) and the science behind the KHFMA (Luna Kekoa) Part 3: Ongoing Research in the KHFMA and volunteer opportunities in community-based monitoring (Darla White) Part 4: Ka‘anapali Makai Watch program: Overview, background, and brainstorming (Liz Foote & EVERYONE)
- 3. Part 1 The Turbidity Task Force Tamara Paltin Save Honolua Coalition Teri Leonard Maui Dreams Dive Co. Wayno Cochran Killah Wiffah Surf Shop
- 4. Clean Water Committee Turbidity Task Force
- 11. Hawaii Water Quality Standards (Goals) for Turbidity Waterbody Type geometric mean (NTU) not to exceed 10% (NTU) not to exceed 2% (NTU) a. Streams wet (Nov1 to April 30) 5.00 15.00 25.00 dry (May 1 to Oct 31) 2.00 5.50 10.00 b. estuaries 1.50 3.00 5.00 c. Embayments wet ≥ 1% of bay volume/day 1.50 3.00 5.00 dry < 1% of bay volume/day 0.40 1.00 1.50 d. Open Coastal wet (>3MGD/mile shoreline) 0.50 1.25 2.00 dry (<3MGD/mile shoreline) 0.20 0.50 1.00 e. oceanic 0.03 0.10 0.20 f. R-1 Water 2.00 g. drinking water (varies by treatment and averaging period) 0.5 - <1.0
- 13. Public Sample Collection Site Meter Site Data Collector Quality Control Reviewer Reporting observation, sample collection, recordkeeping Sample preservation, recordkeeping Sample preservation, recordkeeping, turbidity analysis, meter care Tabulates and enters data from meter sites Reviews data throughout process Retrieves data from database for reporting back to community and submittal to DOH
- 14. Turbidity Task Force - Key Info Contact: Tamara Paltin, Save Honolua Coalition [email_address] TURBIDITY SAMPLE DROP-OFF LOCATIONS: South Maui: Maui Dreams Dive Company 1993 South Kihei Rd; (808) 874-5332 West Maui: Kilah Wiffah Surf Shop Mon-Fri, 9 am - 5 pm; located at the intersection of Honoapiilani Highway and Halawai Drive; (808) 264-2648 Download Forms: http://monitoring.coral.org/resources/download
- 15. Part 2 Introduction to the NOAA Coral Fellow and the Kahekili Herbivore Fisheries Management Area (KHFMA)
- 16. Luna Kekoa Education University of Miami, MSC/BIO Experience Kaala Farms : “Opelu Project” Community-based Subsistence Fishing Areas : Miloli’i, Hawaii Ha’ena, Kaua’i
- 18. CREEL Surveys
- 21. Coral Reef Ecology What does a healthy reef look like?
- 22. = Healthy Stocks of Herbivores Healthy Coral Reefs Ecological Harmony Photo Credits: Eric Brown, Matt Ramsey, & Matt Barton
- 23. Ecological Change = Phase Shift Images by Jennifer Smith, PhD
- 24. Invasive algae (limu) will outcompete corals for space on the reef Do you see any fish in this photo? Photo by Darla White If a reef is not growing IT IS ERODING
- 25. There is Plenty of Blame to go Around Maui’s Reefs in Danger
- 26. Maui’s Reefs in Danger Sedimentation Invasive Algae Over Fishing Over-use Groundings and Anchor Damage Land Based Pollution
- 28. A. spicifera H. musciformis G. salicornia Maui Nui’s Invasive Algae Spread of Invasive Algae in MHI, based on 2003 surveys by UH Botany. Photos and maps: JE Smith and E. Conklin.
- 29. Six out of the nine surveyed locations have significantly declined in coral cover Maui’s Coral Cover by Study Site 1999 - 2009
- 30. Kahekili Park: Corals Under Stress Kahekili Park 55% - 34% Coral Cover Up to 35% Invasive Algae Cover
- 31. Kahekili Park 3m Site Impacts from invasive algae 1999 - 2005
- 32. Kahekili Park 3m Site (1999 - 2006)
- 33. * Friedlander & DeMartini 2002 [Marine Ecology Progress Series 230:253-264] % of MHI REEFS: Statewide Fish Biomass How Does Population and accessibility impact fish stocks? Kahekili Herbivores Kahekili PRIMARY SECONDARY APEX 28% 37% 16% 20%
- 34. NWHI* * Friedlander & DeMartini 2002 [Marine Ecology Progress Series 230:253-264] % of MHI REEFS: Statewide Fish Biomass How Does Population and accessibility impact fish stocks? PRIMARY SECONDARY APEX 28% 37% 16% 20%
- 35. Hunter et al. Ecological Success Alien and Invasive Algae [ http://www.hawaii.edu/ssri/hcri/rp/hunter/final_report_99-00/01.htm] Herbivores and Invasive Algae Friedlander et al. in review MEPS More Herbivore Fish Biomass means Less Algae Herbivore Fish Prefer to Eat Acanthophora spicifera
- 37. The Reef at Kahekili Why Kahekili? Corals in distress Loss of coral, increase of algae Still has complexity Not too degraded 50% Reef Structure Can Support Fish Reef Needs Immediate Help
- 38. ECOLOGICAL SERVICES Simple Concept: Using herbivorous fishes (fish that eat limu) as a means to control algae growth on the reef Photo by Darla White
- 39. Herbivorous Fish Species PHOTOS BY KEOKI & YUKO STENDER www. marinelifephotography .com Parrotfishes, Family Scaridae uhu
- 40. Herbivorous Fish Species www. marinelifephotography .com Surgeonfishes, Family Acanthuridae PHOTOS BY KEOKI & YUKO STENDER
- 41. Photo by Darla White Herbivorous Fish Species Chubs or Rudderfishes, Family Kyphosidae nenue
- 42. Part 3 Ongoing Research in the KHFMA and volunteer opportunities in community-based monitoring
- 43. Research at Kahekili University of Hawaii (UH) Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB) US Geological Survey (USGS) Scripps Institution of Oceanography National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) The Kahekili HFMA is the Priority Site Designation By the Hawaii Coral Program under the US Coral Reef Task Force
- 44. Iuri Herzfeld – UH Mānoa Non-point Source Pollution Mapping of Physical & Chemical Parameters Jet Ski Surveys
- 46. Meghan Dailer – Researcher, UH Botany Where are the nutrients coming from out on the reef? Native algae Ulva spp. -> “ The reefs near at Kahekili receive consistent inputs of sewage effluent via groundwater seeps” (Dailer, et al., 2010)
- 49. Robin Knox – UH Botany Integrated Ecosystem Management Identify point and nonpoint sources of nutrients; conduits to the ocean; and estimate mass loading (lbs/day). Do areas with high nutrient levels and algal blooms encourage growth of bacteria that cause human diseases? Identify programs to manage and control nutrient releases Investigate the relation of human pathogens to harmful algal blooms Goal: Reduction of Land-based Pollution in watersheds mauka of Kahekili HFMA Where are the nutrients coming from? How much is coming from these sources? How do nutrients get to the ocean? What can we do to reduce pollutants reaching the HFMA?
- 50. What’s Happening to the Reef???
- 51. James Wicklund – DAR Intern Kamehameha School, Maui Mapping ‘Dead Zones’ at Kahekili
- 52. Dark brown indicates dead coral with algal overgrowth Notice that the dead areas are flat compared to the live coral
- 53. Kahekili Herbivore Grazing Surveys Engaging the Community “ Citizen Science”
- 54. Maui’s Citizen Scientists Volunteer contributions are invaluable to managers in the efforts to better understand our coral reef ecosystems. These data fill in knowledge gaps and paint a clearer picture of the complexities of which science still knows remarkably little.
- 55. Figure 3. Parrotfish grazing pressure by size class calculated for area (m 2 ) scraped annually, based on bite data and daily grazing behavior for Chlorurus and Scarus spp. by Ong (2008). Pearson’s correlation for positive linear relationship is significant (0.925, P-value = 0.000).
- 56. Grazing School at Kahekili
- 57. Grazing School at Midway Photo by Darla White
- 58. Coral disease in Hawaii Greta Aeby - HIMB 17 disease states widespread low prevalence Montipora multi-focal TLS Montipora dark band Por trematodiasis Poc white-band disease Acrop white syndrome Porites growth anomalies Coral Bleaching
- 60. Large Parrotfishes Uhu >45 cm (1.5 ft) Abundance Single (1) Few (2-10) Many (11-100) Abundant (> 100) Red – Female / Initial Blue – Male / Terminal
- 61. Large Grazing Schools (> 300 fishes) List most abundant species present Photo by Darla White
- 62. Benefits of Volunteering Gain valuable field experience Learn by doing Resume building Make new connections Bring data to managers Real Impact
- 63. Part 4 Ka‘anapali Makai Watch - Overview & Brainstorming
- 66. Get Involved!
- 67. Outreach in support of the Kahekili Herbivore Fisheries Management Area (KHFMA)
- 68. International Year of the Reef Outreach station at Pu‘u Keka‘a (Black Rock), 2008 Current location: outreach at Whaler’s Village with HIHWNMS Volunteer Corps
- 69. Take a Bite out of Fish Feeding Generalists increase Diversity decreases Online directory: “Fish-Friendly Business Alliance” http://www.coral.org/fishfriendly
- 70. West Maui Sporting Goods and Fishing Supply Maui Sights and Treasures
- 71. Volunteer! Fish grazing Fish behavior Grazing schools
- 74. Water Quality Monitoring Robin Knox Ananda Stone
- 75. Snapshot Day: October 3rd, 2009
- 77. How do I do a REEF Survey? Now online data entry at www.reef.org !
- 85. Kahekili Herbivore Fisheries Management Area (KHFMA) Permitted: To fish for, injure, kill, possess, or remove any finfish or invertebrate, except prohibited species indicated below.To use bait or other attractants while fishing for permitted marine life. Prohibited: To injure, kill, possess, or remove any of the following: sea urchins Also Prohibited: To feed or deliberately introduce any attractant, directly to or in the vicinity of any marine life, except while fishing for permitted marine life. surgeonfishes parrotfishes (uhu) rudderfishes (nenue) KHFMA Boundaries Handout for Fishers with KHFMA info & Tide chart (on reverse)
- 87. Set Observation Zones? Human Use surveys? Adapt existing Makai Watch materials
- 88. How many hotels & condos are there between Lahaina and Kapalua??
- 89. A Lot. ????
- 90. International Coastal Cleanup Day September 25th, 2010 Adopt-a-Beach-Segment?
- 91. Team Uhu? Herbivore Hui? Limu Lovers? T-shirt/sticker design v. 1.0 (Rick Long’s concept)
- 93. Yay or Nay? Makai Watch
- 95. What else??
- 96. MAHALO! Luna Kekoa NOAA Coral Fellow [email_address] Darla White DAR Special Projects Coordinator Darla J White [email_address] (808) 345-2312 Be a fan and get updates! http://www.facebook.com/KHFMA http://www.facebook.com/KaanapaliMakaiWatch Liz Foote Executive Director, Project S.E.A.-Link & Hawaii Field Manager, CORAL [email_address] (808) 669-9062 www.facebook.com/liz.foote
Notas del editor
- Role of the public (observation, sample collection, recordkeeping )Role of the sample collection site (sample preservation, recordkeeping) Role of the meter site (sample preservation, recordkeeping, turbidity analysis, meter care) Role of Data Collector (tabulates and enters data from meter sites) Role of QC reviewer (reviews data throughout process) Reporting (Retreiving data from database for reporting back to community and submittal to DOH)
- Role of the public (observation, sample collection, recordkeeping )Role of the sample collection site (sample preservation, recordkeeping) Role of the meter site (sample preservation, recordkeeping, turbidity analysis, meter care) Role of Data Collector (tabulates and enters data from meter sites) Role of QC reviewer (reviews data throughout process) Reporting (Retreiving data from database for reporting back to community and submittal to DOH)
- Coral Reefs 101 Coral reefs should be considered as whole ecosystems. The habitat and associated marine life are deeply interlinked! It’s a complex system, where the biology, the water chemistry, and the physical ocean forces are all part of the whole, all working together to form thriving ecosystems. They are not separable. Imagine a car engine, all of the parts working together to make it run. If one of the pieces wears out or breaks or falls off, it affects another part that it was connected to, which affects another part, and eventually it breaks down. All of the pieces and fluids need to be present and clean for it to run properly.
- While this is grossly oversimplified, it has been shown in numerous studies that healthy stocks of herbivores, including sea urchins, is a dominant factor in helping to maintain healthy coral reefs.
- And Ecological Change (change in the habitat) is called a ‘Phase Shift’. This is where a healthy reef is stressed by overfishing and nutrient pollution, resulting in a degraded reef dominated by algae, unable to support the abundant life of the healthy system. Nutrient pollution is another way of saying “pollution with plant food”. Our waste = their food. Our waste contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and other ‘nutrients’ that gives plants and algae the nutrition they need. Give algae food and it will grow! (It’s part of the water chemistry mentioned earlier).
- Invasive algae increase this process by outcompeting corals for space on the reef, filling in the pukas where the fishes live. (click) If a reef is not growing, (click) it is eroding. This photo was taken at Olowalu, mile marker 14 in the nearshore area. This is the invasive algae, Acanthophora spicifera, also known as ‘prickly seaweed’.
- Kahekili Beach Park (Airport Beach) is changing too. It has lost 50% of its coral cover since 1995, with seasonal invasive algal blooms.
- Surveys of fish biomass around the state was put in relation to their proximity to populated areas. (Oahu gets its own graph). What we see is that fish stocks are lower in areas with more people. (click) Kahekili has considerably less fish than the average for populated areas. As you move away from populated areas to smaller towns and remote areas, you can see more fish. (click)So about half of our reefs surveyed are doing better than those near population centers. But to put this into perspective, (click) the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands has dramatically larger fish stocks, due predominantly to their remote location.
- Surveys of fish biomass around the state was put in relation to their proximity to populated areas. (Oahu gets its own graph). What we see is that fish stocks are lower in areas with more people. (click) Kahekili has considerably less fish than the average for populated areas. As you move away from populated areas to smaller towns and remote areas, you can see more fish. (click)So about half of our reefs surveyed are doing better than those near population centers. But to put this into perspective, (click) the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands has dramatically larger fish stocks, due predominantly to their remote location.
- The photo on the left is the whole of the HFMA; from Kekaa Point (Black Rock) at the southernmost edge to Honokowai Park in the north. The nearshore Reef at Kahekili Beach Park in front of the Westin is about a half a kilometer long, and still has quite a lot of complexity given the 50% decline in coral cover since 1995, as shown by the top photo on the right. This is also a photo of one of two main grazing schools at Kahekili, numbering less than 100 individuals at any given time. We will be monitoring the size of the grazing schools over time. The darker brown and gray in these photos is algae. The photo on the lower right illustrates the loss of interconnectivity and decreasing sizes of the corals as algae outcompetes them.
- Grazing schools are veritable lawnmowers of the reef, keeping algal growth down. This is a grazing school at Kahekili.
- This is a grazing school at Midway Atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
- Thanks Darla, you’re the best and I really appreciate it!
- Topics: coral reefs, marine mammals, sea turtles, sharks and fishes, naturalist basics and interpretation, Hawaii rules and regulations
- Fish-Friendly Business Alliance; includes over 30 members statewide. Online business directory http://www.coral.org/fishfriendly Members comprised of commercial diving and snorkeling-related businesses . Collaborative effort between the State of Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources, Project S.E.A.-Link, and the Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL). Outreach efforts focused on both the consumer and the supplier. Campaign began in fall 2006 Postcards that local residents and visitors fill out , writing to companies that promote fish-feeding. Boss Frog’s Dive and Surf on Maui first company to change its business practices and sign on to the campaign. “ Fish-Friendly Establishment” decal designed for companies who sign on to the company to raise customer awareness and publicly designate their responsible practices. Supported by the state of Hawaii’s Recreational Impacts to Reefs Local Action Strategy feeding fish can result in a decrease in natural grazing behavior, which in turn could promote a cascade of negative ecological effects upon marine communities. If these impacts to the reef were not enough to discourage snorkelers from fish feeding, this practice can also promote behavioral changes in local fishes. At the Honolua Bay education station coordinated by Project S.E.A.-Link, cases of fish bites continue to be documented, as snorkelers encounter aggressive and habituated fishes. Any business participating in this campaign will be added to the online director and receive a fish-friendly establishment decal and a CD of educational materials. For more information about the Take a Bite Out of Fish Feeding Campaign, FishFeedingAwareness@gmail.com ------------------------- WHAT IS THE ISSUE: The consistent presence of small and large groups of people in shallow coral reefs and other habitats can lead to significant degradation of an ecosystem over time, particularly if activities are conducted in an irresponsible manner. NEED TO KNOW: Irresponsible or inexperienced snorkelers and divers regularly crush and break corals and other reef dwelling organisms with fins, equipment and body parts. This damage usually comes as a result of people who are unable to maintain control in the water, stand or walk in a shallow area, fight a current, get a closer look at, photograph, handle, touch and feed wildlife. NICE TO KNOW: Irresponsible snorkeling and diving activities can lead to the following impacts on coral reef ecosystems: Disrupted sea bottom habitats - Contact from fins, equipment or body parts may crush and kill bottom dwelling organisms and their habitats. In heavily used areas, the cumulative effects of many snorkelers and divers can lead to increased levels of degradation in the ecosystem and a decrease in the quality of the visitor experience. Increase in sedimentation - Stirred up sediment can disrupt sea bottom communities, smothering and choking coral colonies and causing broader impacts in the ecosystem. Disturbance of marine wildlife - Excessive disturbance can cause animals to leave primary feeding and reproductive areas, which can lead to an overall decline in habitat health and a decrease in the primary features that attract tourists. When animals become habituated to being fed by divers or snorkelers, they may lose some of their ability to find food on their own, which can affect population size and change natural behaviors. Removal of coral mucus- Repeated contact between divers and snorkelers and coral removes the coral’s mucus covering and causes physical damage to coral tissue. This can increase the susceptibility of corals to pathogens, diseases and other competitive organisms.
- I showed this slide already when I did REEF training but you could reiterate the purpose of the portal briefly and point out we plan to do a more extensive training workshop and field training too… so stay tuned for dates…
- Example of field excursion/training…
- I showed this already… reiterate it’s a fun way to get involved… and do REEF…
- Viral video contest?