វចនានុក្រមបច្ចេកទេស ២

PaKTI 2
Exµr-Gg;eKøs
Part Two: Khmer – English

sTÞanuRkmesdækic© PaKTI 2

k
v. write down
kt;sMKal;/ KYr[ noticeable, karERbRbYl ~
noticeable change
kk/ bgák freeze, bgákebovtSr_ ¬min[cuHeLIg¦ ktikasBaØa ¬kic©RBmeRBogCapøÚvkar¦ pact
wage freeze
kkkuj/ PaB bottleneck ktþa factor
kk; v. deposit ktþacMNUlbzm primary factor income
kk;/ R)ak; n. deposit, ~ mun advance deposit ktþaeFVIeGaymansßirPaBCasV½yRbvtþi built-in
stabilisers
kekIt/ kar inception ktþabMElgsþg;dar standard-conversion
kgVl; n. concern factor (SCF)
kgVH n. lack, ~ tulüPaB lack of balance, ktþaplTunbreTssuT§ net foreign factor
~ TMnukcitþ lack of confidence
income (NFFI)
ktþaplitkmµbzm primary factor of
kgVH n. shortage, ~ TMgn; shortage in weight production
kgVH ¬]> fvika¦ shortfall ktþarUbvnþ physical factor
kgVHxat n. shortcoming ( characteristics/ ktþþatMél factor cost, ~ bzm primary
quality of sth or s.o) factor cost
kBa©b;fvika package budget k®nþkTMnijeRbIR)as; consumer basket
kBa©b;ebovtSr_ ¬ebovtSr_ nigR)ak;]btßmÖepSg² kEnøg place
sMrab;kargarGVImYy¦ pay/salary package kEnøg ¬eFVIkar¦ TMenr vacancy
kBa©b;ExSTsSnkic© package tour kEnøglk;ecj outlet
kBa©úM cluster, smasFaturYmCa ~ cluster of kmµkr worker, workman
elements
kmµkrkMBg;Ep docker, stevedore
kNþal adj. central, FnaKar ~ central bank
kmµnþsal manufacture, TMnij ~
kt;Rta n. record manufactured goods
kt;Rta/ Edlmin)an unrecorded kmµnþsalkmµ manufacturing
kt;RtaxagNTan v. credit kmµvtßú n. objective
kt;RtaxagNBn§ v. debit kmµvFCnybreTs foreign-aid programme
iIMY
kt;RtabBaúHtMélRTBüskmµ ¬kñúgbBa¢IKNenyü¦
©
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Economic Lexicon Part 2 sTÞanuRkmesdækic© PaKTI 2
kmµviFIneya)ay ¬rbs;KNbkS¦ political nigensaT Ministry of Agriculture
platform, platform Forestry and Fisheries
kmµviFIbBaÄb;BlkredaykgVHkargar ksikmµRKan;EtmYyrs; ¬m> CIvRBwtþi/ ksikmµ¦
redundancy programme subsistence agriculture
kmµviFIskmµPaB programme of action ksidæan farm, brikçar ~ farm equipment
kmµviFINTanpÞal; direct-lending schemes ksipl rW plitplksikmµ agricultural
kmµvi)ak ¬m> TNÐkmµ¦ sanction product

kmµvis½yPaB objectivity ksi-BaNiC¢kmµ agribusiness
kmµsikSakarI trainee or intern (US) ksi-]sSahkmµ agro-industry
kmµsiTæi ownership kaksMNl; waste, ~ rav liquid waste, ~ rwg
solid waste
kmµsiT§i/ kar)anmkCa acquisition katBVkic© obligation, man ~ to have the
kmµsiT§ikr rW m©as; owner, proprietor (of a obligation, Ca ~ obligatory
house, business...)
kmµsiT§iKµankalkMNt; freehold property katBVkic©/ Ca compulsory, karRtYtBinitü ~
compulsory inspection
kmµsiT§idIFøI land ownership kat;kg v. deduct
kmµsiT§ibBaØa intellectual property kat;kgecj/ Gac adj. deductible, ~ BIcMnUl
kmµsiT§iRsbc,ab; legal ownership Cab;Bn§ tax deductible
krNIKµanlT§PaBsg event of default kat;Kña v. intersect (graph lines)
krNIbnÞan;/ kñúg in case of emergency kat;ecj ¬CakarBin½y¦ forfeit
krNIyutþisaRsþ n. ¬tulakar¦ precedent kat;éfømin)an adj. invaluable
ksag/ CalkçN³ constructive, karTieton ~ kat;bnßy/ kar reduction, curtailment,
constructive criticism
~ fvika budget reduction, ~ PaBRkIRk
ksageKalneya)ay/ kar policy formulation poverty reduction
ksagCasßab½n v. institutionalise kat;bnßycMnay/ kar expense reduction,
ksag¼eFVI BiesssMrab;GtifiCnNamñak; retrenchment
custom-built/made kat;sg/ Bn§Ky duty drawback
ksikmµ agriculture, RksYg ~ rukçaRbmaj; katalIkr catalyst, tYnaTICa ~ catalyst role

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kataLúk ¬esovePA¦ catalogue time work

kan;/ Gñk holder, ~ mUlb,Tanb½Rt holder kargareCIgsar brokerage
of a cheque kargareRbIxYrk,al ¬EdlRtUvriHKit¦ mental job
kan;kab;/ kar possession kargareBjem:ag full-time work
kargarmineBjem:ag part-time work
kan;kab;/ kar ¬]> cUleTArs;enAelIdILÚt_¦ kargarl¥itel¥ac odd job
occupation
kan;kab;CakarepJITuk hold in trust karedaHRsay resolution, ~ TMnas; conflict
resolution
kan;kab;dI/ kar land tenure karEtl cartel
kan;kab;tMENg/ ry³eBl tenure karbdiesFc,ab;rdæ civil disobedience
kan;kab;RtwmRtUv/ Gñk holder in due course karR)ak; interest, ~ smas compound
kan;kab;EfTaM/ Gñk caretaker (of a motor interest, ~ x<s;¼Tab high/low interest,
vehicle)
kan;kab;bBa¢IKNenyü v. maintain ~ samBaØ simple interest, kalKit ~
accounting book interest period, GRta ~ interest rate
kan;criya v. behave karR)ak;)anKitbEnßm accrued interest
kan;bBa¢I/ Gñk bookkeeper karR)ak;mkTl;bc©úb,nñ interest to date
kan;Baküsnüa v. abide by a promise karR)ak;minTan;sg back interest
kab;eQI/ kar logging, ~ xusc,ab; illegal karR)ak;viC¢man positive interest (interest
logging rate higher than inflation rate)
kayvikar gesture karR)ak;GviC¢man ¬GRtakarR)ak;TabCagGRta
kargar work GtiprNa¦ negative interest
kargar ¬eTogTat;manR)ak;kMér¦ employment karBar/ kic©¼kar- protection, ~ brisßan
kargar/ eQµaH job title environment protection
kargarkñúgkariyal½y office job, white- karBarkarxatbg; ¬EdlRtUv)an¦ hedged
collar job karsikSakrNI ¬b¤krNIsikSa¦ case study
kargarRkdassñam paperwork kariybriecäT financial year
kargarKitem:ag ¬TUTat;kMértamcMnYn em:ag/ éf¶¦ kariybriecäT ¬sareBIBn§/ hirBaØvtßú>>>¦ year

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(fiscal, financial...) kalviPaK schedule/timetable
kariyaFibetyü bureaucracy, red tape, kalviPaKfµI/ eFVI reschedule (loan)
officialdom
kariyal½y bureau, ~ kargar employment kalaTikrN_sniTanIy_ ¬m> rMMBwgsmehtupl/kar¦
bureau GñkeFVIkar ~ bureaucrat kalanuvtþiPaB opportunity
kariyal½yKNenyü accounting office kalikb½Rt ¬TsSnavdþI/ RBwtþib½Rt>>>¦ periodical
kariyal½ycuHeQµaHGñke)aHeqñat voter kic©karCMnYj transaction
registration station kic©RBmeRBogepÞrkic©snüa ¬[PaKITI3¦
kariyal½ytMNagRbcaMRbeTs novation
country-representative office kicR© BmeRBogTUeTAsþIBItaragBn§Ky nigBaNiC¢kmµ
kariyal½yFM head office ¬hÁat;¦ GATT (General Agreement on
kariyal½ye)aHeqñat polling station Tariffs and Trade)
kariyal½ybþÚrR)ak; exchange office kicsnüa contract, ~ lk;¼kargar contract of
©
kariyal½ypþlBtmanBIktnam ¬énshRKas>>>¦
; ½ ’ i iþ sale/work, buKÁlikrdæCab; ~ contract public
credit bureau employee, Cab;¼eRkam ~ adj. under
kariyal½yrkkargareGayeFIV employment contract, cuH ~ v. contract, GñkcuHkic©snüa
agency contractor
kariyal½yrab;snøwkeqñat vote-counting kic©snüa/ c,ab;én law of contract
station
kic©snüaCalaylkçN_GkSr deed
kariyaelxanukar ¬m> kariyal½y/ GñkeFVIkar¦
bureaucrat
kic©snüaCYlTijpþac; ¬rW kic©snüaTijbNþak;¦
hire-purchase agreement
kal kMNt;¼bBaØtþi specified period
kic©snüaTij-lk; bargain and sale
kalkMNt; deadline
kic©snüabnþ/ cuH subcontract, Gñk ~
kalkMNt; time, rUbiyaNtþiman ~ time draft subcontractor
kalkMNt;RbKl;TMnij time limit for delivery kic©snüaEbgEckplitkmµ production-
kalbriecäT date sharing contract (PSC)
kalbriecäTGnaKt/ cuH v. post-date kic©snüamankalkMNt; terminal contract
kalvsan maturity kic©snüalk; ¬TMnij¦ sale contract
kic©snüashRbtibtþikarBaNiC¢kmµ business
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cooperation contract (BCC) ekItdMNalKña/ kar ¬RBwtþikarN_¦ concurrence
kic©snüaesva service contract ekItman/ kar incidence
kic©snüaesarkñúgéd turnkey contract ekIn v. increase, rise
kitþinam reputation, credibility ekInCadMNak;²/ Edl incremental
kitþisBÞ good reputation ekInmYyCabI v. treble
kitüanuPaB prestige ekInmYyCaBIr v. double
kinRsUv/ kar paddy husking ekIneLIg v. gain
kiriyamayaT conduct ekogKr v. lobby
kugtWn½r container ekobsgát; v. exert pressure
kugsg;s‘us consensus ekgRbv½Ba©/ kar embezzlement
kugs½rsüÚm consortium ekgRbv½Ba©RTBüsm,tþisaFarN³/ kar
kugsuI ¬bBa©aM¦ pawnbroker misappropriation of public funds
kub,kmµ n. riot, eFVI ~ v. riot ekNÐRbmUl v. mobilise
kumµúynisþ communist ekNÐRbmUlR)ak;snSMÉkCn/ kar
kulalPaCn_ ceramics, plitpl ~ ceramic mobilisation of private savings
product ekrþ×eQµaH reputation
kusl merit , good deed ekrþ×eQµaHCMnYj n. goodwill
kuslkic© good deed, charity ekrþ×mrtk heritage, patrimony
kUd/ elxkUd code, kardak;elx ~ coding, kar ekrþ×xagRsI dowry
bkRsay ~ ¬ERbCaPasaFmµtavij¦ decoding Ek/ kar ¬Bakü¼elx¼bBa¢IKNenyü>>>edaykar
kUdkmµ strike ekaslub rW karsresrRtYt>>>¦ alteration
kUta quota, karkMNt; ~ fixing of quotas Ekécñ/ kar ¬plitpl¦ processing, viBaØabnb½Rt
kUtanaMcUl import quota bBa¢ak;BIkEnøgEkécñ certificate of processing
kUnbMNulGuIb:UEtk mortgagor/ mortgager EkécññeLIgvij/ kar recycling
kUnesovePApSBVpSay brochure EktMrUv v. adjust, KNnI ~ adjustment
kUr:um quorum account, ktþa ~ adjustment factor (AF),

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tMél ~ adjustment value, elxna ~ kMNt; v. determine, fix, specify
adjusting entries (accounting) kMNt;/ naéf¶Edl)an on appointed days
EktMrUv/ kar rectification kMNt;kUta/ kar fixing of quotas
EkTMrg; v. reform kMNt;Rta n. record
EkERbdIFøIeLIgvij/ kar land restructuring kMNt;éfø¼éføkMNt; CarUbiyvtßúkñúgRsuk v. & n.
EklMG/ kar improvement quote in local currency
EksMrYl adj. revised, Epnkar ~ revised plan kMNt;TUeTA general points (in text of law)
ekaslvic½y expertise, valuation kMNt;RbePTTMnij/ kar categorisation of
ekasikasnþiPaBeGaypSarP©ab;Kñal¥/ BRgwg goods
strengthen the fabric of peace kMNt;Bn§/ Gñk assessor of taxes
kMcIKµankalkMNt; ¬eBlTarRtUvsg¦ demand kMNt;RBMRbTl;/ kar demarcation (boundary)
loan kMNt;sMKal; note
kMcIKµanvtßúFana fiduciary loan kMNt;sMGag ¬Fanar:ab;rg¦ cover note
kMc¼R)ak;kcI loan, ~ pøas;pÞHfµI bridging loan,
I M (insurance)
~ karR)ak;Tab soft loan, ~ KµankarFana kMNay n. excavation
unsecured loan, ~ KµankalkMNt; loan at kMeNIt/ GRta birth rate
call (pay back when required), ~ )anebIk kMeNIn growth, increase, rise, gain,
pþl; loan disbursed GRta ~ growth rate
kMcIEdlm©as;bMNulGacTarykvij)anPøam kMeNInkartantwg ¬TMnas;¦ escalation
money at call kMeNIntamfñak;/ GRtaBn§ progessive tax rate
kMcIenACMBak; outstanding loan kMeNInRbCaCnkMritsUnü zero population
kMcIpÞal;xøÜn personal loan growth (ZPG)
kMcIBi)akTar non-performing loan kMENtMrUv adjustment
kMcImankarR)ak;efreTArksuI/ kareRbI leverage kMENtMrUvrcnasm<½n§ structural adjustment,
kMcImankarR)ak;Tab/ kMcIKµankarR)ak; soft loan kMcIsMrab; ~ structural adjustment loan
kMcImanrbs;bBa©aM collateral loan kMENTMrg; n. reform, ~ dIFøI land reform,
kMcIsMrab;sg;¼TijpÞH housing loans ~ RbB½n§yutþiFm’ judicial reform, ~ Bn§dar

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fiscal reform, ~ vis½yensaT nigClpl
fisheries reform kMritRBMEdn/ dak; v. limit, kar ~ limitation
kMENERb modification kMritmUldæan local/grassroots level
kMBg;EppÞúkTMnij port of loading/shipment kMritmUldæanénkareRbIR)as; base level of
kMBg;EpBaNiC¢kmµ commercial port consumption

kMBg;EpsmuRT seaport kMrityl;dwg level of understanding,
cognitive level
kMBugcab;kMeNIt nascent, esdækic© ~ nascent kMritel¥óg margin of error
economy
kMBugdMeNIrkar/ skmµPaB ongoing activity kMér earnings, ~ rk)an earned fees
kMBugplit ¬xÞg;KNnIsMrab;kt;RtaRTBükMBug kMér fee, ~ GaCJab½NÑ licence fee
plit¦ work in progress (WIP) kMéreCIgsar brokerage
kMBüÚT½rFuntUc minicomputer kMéreCIgsarFanakarTUTat; del credere
commission
kMr/ PaB scarcity kMérykelIs ¬elIskMritsmrmü¦ overcharge
kMrgr)aykarN_ series of reports kMéresva service fees
kMrit level, dose, margin, eRcIn ~ multi- kMéreCIgsar commission, karlk;yk ~
commission sale
level, ~ eGayx©IR)ak; margin of lending,
kMéreCIgsar/ yk v. charge a commission
~ R)ak;cMeNj margin of profit, ~ suvtßiPaB
kMlaMg force, power, ~ TIpSar market forces
safety margin, ~ GPivDÆn_ level of
kMlaMgpÞal;xøÜn/ eday adj. unaided
development
kMriteKal benchmark kMlaMgBlkmµ labour force, workforce,
force
kMritcab;ERbRbYl ¬m> kaMQancUl¦ threshold kMlaMgrujRcan momentum
kMritCIvPaB standard of living, living kMsanþ ¬esva¦ recreation (service)
standard
kMritCMnaj qualification kMsanþ/ kar entertainment, mNÐl ~
entertainment centre
kMritTMenarénkareRbIR)as;bEnßm marginal kMhat loss, ~ Cak;Esþgsrub actual total
propensity to consume
loss, ~ srubsuT§ absolute total loss
kMritTMenarénkarsnSMbEnßm marginal
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kMhateFVIGaCIvkmµ ¬eBlR)ak;cMNUl)anticCag Rkb frame
R)ak;cMNayecj¦ trading losses Rkbx½NÐ cadre, ~ m®nþIraCkar public cadre, ~
kMhab;énsarFatu/ kMrit concentration level Pñak;garrdæ)al cadre of administrative agent
of a substance Rkbx½NÐ framework, frame, ~ c,ab; legal
kMhit n. constraint framework, ~ eBlevla timeframe
kMhit/ kardak;kMhit restriction,~ énNTan Rkm code, ~ BaNiC¢kmµ commercial code
credit restrictions
kMht/ dak; v. restrict, ~ elINTan restrict
i RkmsIlFm’ code of conduct/ethics
credit RkLabBa¢I court clerks
kMhusqÁg malpractice RkeLkemIleTAGtItkal/ kar retrospection
kaMQancUl n. threshold RkahVik graphic
ekaHsakSI v. ¬tulakar¦ subpoena RkIRk/ PaB poverty, karkat;bnßy ~ poverty
kñúgtMENg in post reduction, bnÞat;RkIRk ~ poverty line
kñúgrgVg;kBa©úM intra-cluster Rkwtü decree
kñúgRsuk domestic, RTBüskmµ ~ domestic Rkumkargar working group, task force
assets (bank), NTan ~ domestic RkumKMrUtag sample group
credit, tMrUvkar¼karpÁt;pÁg; ~ domestic RkumRbwkSaRKb;RKg board of management
demand/supply
RkumRbwkSaFmµnuBaØ Constitutional Council
kñúgRsuk ¬m> mUldæan¦ local
RkumRbwkSaPi)al board of directors
k,ac; n. ¬]bkrN_buraNsMrab;Kitelx¦ abacus
RkumRbwkSaPi)alRbtisiT§iCn trusteeship
k,aldI ¬m> dILÚt_¦ plot council
k,alma:sIunkMeNInesdækic© engine of RkumRbwkSavin½y ¬GñksMercdak;vin½yelIbuKÁlik¦
economic growth disciplinary council
RkdasR)ak; ¬luyRkdas¦ bank note, RkumRbwkSavinieyaK board of investment
paper money (BOI)
RkdaseBIelo flimsy paper RkumRbwkSasnþisux Security Council (UN)
RkdassñamBaNiC¢kmµ commercial paper Rkumpþl;KMnit think-tank
RkNat; cloth, material RkumBhuCMnaj multi-disciplinary team
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Rkumh‘un company, ~ Gnamik joint stock Rkumh‘unrMlgCati transnational
company, ~ BaNiC¢kmµ trading company, corporation (TNC)

~ buRtsm<½næ affiliated or associated
Rkumh‘unsikSaKMeragbøg; architectural
company
company, ~ TTYlxusRtUvmanx½NÐsIma Rkumh‘unhUlDij holding company
limited liability company, ~ TTYlxus
Rkumh‘unnavacr shipping company
RtUvKµankMNt; unlimited company, ~ saxa Rkumh‘unGnamik ¬m> saCIvkmµ¦
subsidiary company
Rkumh‘n ¬CanItibuKÁleBjelj¦ incorporated
u RkumGayu age group
company RkumGñkmanKMnitdUcKña like-minded groups
Rkumh‘un/ cUlCa incorporated eRkam/ xag downstream, plitpl ~ rW
Rkumh‘un/ c,ab; companies act plitplcugExS downstrem product
Rkumh‘uncUlpSarh‘un ¬KWmansnøwkh‘unlk;-Tij eRkam»vaT/ GgÁPaB subordinate entity
enApSarh‘un¦ listed/quoted company eRkamsþg;dar sub-standard
Rkumh‘unTTYlxusRtUvmankMrit limited eRkay/ Ca post, svnkmµ ~ post auditing
liability company eRkay/ tam following, qñaMeRkay rW qñaMbnÞab;
Rkumh‘unFanar:ab;rgedIm principal insurance following/next year
company eRkA/ ktþaxag rW plb:HBal;mkBIeRkA
Rkumh‘unbiTCit ¬Gñkkan;kab;PaKh‘unmanticnak; externalities
Nas;¦ close company eRkAksidæan/ kargar off-farm employment
Rkumh‘nbuRtsm<n§ ¬Rkumh‘unemkþab;PaKh‘unticCag
u ½ eRkARbB½n§ ¬rW eRkApøÚvkar¦/ vis½yesdækic©
50°¦ affiliated/associated company informal sector

Rkumh‘unpÁt;pÁg;saFarN³ ¬Twk/ ePøIg>>>¦ utility køasuik/ TsSn³Ebb classical view
company køib club, ~ ]sSahkmµtMbn; regional
Rkumh‘unBhuplitpl conglomerate industry club

Rkumh‘unPaKh‘un public company or Ekøg/ kar forgery
public limited company (PLC) Ekøgkøay false
Rkumh‘unem parent company kS½yFn/ PaB bankruptcy, karrYcputBI ~
Rkumh‘unrYmPaKh‘un joint-stock company discharge in bankruptcy

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ekSRtviTU agronomist damage

ekSRtsaRsþ rW ekSRtviTüa agronomy xUcxat/ ¬R)ak;¦ sMNgcMeBaHkar damages
xUcKuNPaB/ kar ¬rbs;hUb¦ spoilage
x xUcRbeyaCn_/ kar detriment
xUcRbeyaCn_/ EdleFVIeGay detrimental
x ¬xTI1/ xTI2>>> ¦ clause xYb¼CMu¼vdþ cycle
xkxan fail, xkxanmin)anTak;Tg fail to xMRbwgxñHExñg/ kic© endeavour
contact x©I/ sMux©I v. borrow, karx©Ibul borrowings,
xkxan ¬min)aneFVI¦/ kar omission Gñk ~ borrower
xn§b,maNrUbiyvtßú ¬m> rUbiyvtßúTaMgGs;¦ x¢Ix¢a sloppy, kargar ~ sloppy work
monetary aggregate
xn§b,aT aggregation x¢Hx¢ay/ kar wastage
xageRkA exogenous, ktþaGviC¢man ~ negative ex©aH/ flaw, defect Edlman ~ flawed,
exogenous factors defective, faulty
xatbg;/ kar loss xÞg; item, ~ eRkAtaragtulükar off-balance
sheet items
xatbg;srub/ kar total loss, dead loss, xÞg;/ xÞg;bBaÄr ¬tarag¦ column
~ Cak;Esþg actual total loss
xÞg; ¬taragtulükar¦ heading
xanmin)an¼katBVkic© adj. compulsory, xñgTl;xñg back to back, NTan ~ back
mandatory
to back credit
xitþb½NÑ ¬b½NÑeXasnapSBVpSayEckeGay xñat ¬]> EpnTI¦ scale
pÞal;éd¦ hand bill xñat ¬sMrab;vas;Evg¦ yardstick
xuTÞkal½y cabinet, ~ KN³rdæm®nþI political xñattUc small-scale
cabinet
xusc,ab; illegal, kic©snüa ~ illegal contract xñatmaRta dose
xusc,ab; illicit, Rsa ~ illicit alcohol xñatmas gold standard
xUcxat/ kar damage Exµrkat;cin Sino-Khmer
xUcxatedaysarTwksmuRT/ Edl sea-damaged xøwmsar content
xUcxatbgáeLIgedayectna/ kar wilful xøwmsar niglkçxNÐ énkic©snüa terms and

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conditions of a contract
xVH/ cMnYn shortfall
xVHxat/ karpÁt;pÁg;mankar deficient supply KN³kmµaFikarcMeBaHkic© ad hoc committee
xVHTMgn;/ PaB deficiency in weight KN³CMnajkar panel of experts
ExSekag curve, ~ cMNay expenditure KNna v. calculate, work out
curve, ~ eRbIR)as; consumption curve, KNnaxus miscalculate
~ pÁt;pÁg;srub aggregate supply curve KNnaéføedIm/ kar costing
ExSekaghVlB Phillips curve (relationship
I I KNnaGtüaNU calculus
between rate of change of money wage
and rate of unemployment) KNnI account, ~ épÞkñúg domestic account,
ExScgVak; chain, ~ m:aXITIg¼TIpSar ~ )anEksMrYl account amended, ~ enAmin
marketing chain
ExSbeNþay/ mnÞIr line department Tan;sg outstanding account, ~ RtUvsg
ExSbBaÄr/ karR)aRs½yTak;Tgtam vertical account payable, ~ RtUvTar account
communication receivable, esovePA ~ account book,
ExSplitkmµ ¬tMelIgeRKOgcRk¦ assembly line m©as; ~ account holder, sMrab;EtsgcUl ~
ExSepþk¼ExSTTwg/ karsMrbsMrYltam account payee only
horizontal coordination KNnI mUlFn¼Tun capital account
exSay/ rUbiyvtßú weak/soft currency KNnIkan;kab;kñúgnambuKÁlmñak;eTot nominee
account

K KNnIcrnþ current account
KNnIcMNUl-cMNay income and expense
KgKña¼RtYtKña overlap accounts, income-outlay accounts,
appropriation accounts
KN³kmµkar commission KNnIcMruH sundry account
KN³kmµkaresIubGegát board of inquiry KNnIcMh ¬kt;RtakarTijeCOedayGñkTij
KN³kmµkarGPivDÆn_PUmi village Kµandak;vtßúFana¦ open account
development committee (VDC)
KN³kmµaFikar committee, ~ RtYtBinitü KNnIQb;eRbI rW KNnIgab; dead account
committee of inspection, ~ Gcié®nþy_ KNnIFnaKar bank account

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KNnIenAbreTs foreign accounts KNenyükic© accountancy
KNnIRbePTGkSr et T account KNenyüRKb;RKg managerial accounting
KNnIR)ak;tMkl;Fana deposit guaranty KNenyüCati national accounting
account KNenyübrisßan ecological accounting
KNnIpat;Tat; clearing account KNenyüPaB accountability, TamTar ~ BI
KNnIépÞeRkA external accounts demand accountibility from
KNnIrg subsidiary account KNenyüPaB/ Kµan adj. unaccountable
KNnIrg;caM suspense account KNenyürdæaPi)al nigKNenyüsßab½n
KNnIrYm ¬manm©as;KNnIBI 2nak;eLIgeTA¦ government and institutional accounting
joint account KNenyüsaFarN³ public accounting/
KNnIlT§pl profit and loss account accounts

KNnIGtifiCn ¬m> KNnIRtUvTar¦ trade KN³RbtiPU delegation
account receivable KN³emFavI bar association
KNnIeCO charge/credit account KN³rdæm®nþI Council of Ministers
KNenyü accounting (US), accountancy KtibNÐit/ Rbkbeday sound
(GB), bookeeping, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial Ktiyutþi ¬Rsbtamc,ab; nigrebobrbbén c,ab;¼
accounting, ~ Bn§dar tax accounting, tulakar¦ juridical, lixitsñam ~ legal
vdþ ~ accounting cycle, RKa ~ accounting document

period, bøg; ~ accounting plan, éfø ~
Ktiyutþi/ rUbPaB legal form
accounting price, RbB½n§ ~ accounting
Kn;KUr/ kar extrapolation
system, karviPaK ~ accounting analysis
Kn;KUrCamun/ kar projection
r)aykarN_ ~ accounting statement KnøgeRKaHfñak; precarious path
KNenyü éføedIm¼viPaK cost accounting KnøwH/ tYnaTI key role
KNenyükr accountant, ~ rdæTTYlsÁal; KnøwH/ sunÞrkfa keynote address
chartered accountant, certified public KmnaKmn_B½t’man communication of
accountant (US) information
KNenyükredImExS principal accountant Ky customs, Pñak;gar ~ customs agent,
(Ministry of Economy and Finance)

116

TIcat;karKynigrdæakr Customs Department, KYbpSM combine, ~ CamYyKñanUvBaNiC¢kmµ nig
buKÁl¼Rkumh‘un EdlnaMTMnijqøgkat; ~ customs karkMsanþ combine business and pleasure
broker KYr)anTTYlNTan/ PaB credit worthiness
Kl;mUlb,TanbR½t cheque stub eKcBn§/ kar tax evasion
Kl;G½kS origin, zero point eKcUlcitþ ¬CagGVImYyeTot¦/ Edl preferential
KhbtI bourgeois, vNÑ³ ~ bourgeoisie or eKhkic©/ brikçar household equipment
middle class
Kab;CYn ¬Kña¦/ kar coincidence éKbnøM adj. fraudulent
Kahkniy½t holder in due course éKbnøM/ kar fraud
KitKUrbegáItfµI v. conceptualise eKal base, GRta ~ base rate
Kitdl;/ edaymin regardless eKal ¬R)ab;cMgay¦ milestone
KitbEnßm/ cMNUl)an accrued income eKal/ RKa¼ry³eBl reference period
KIb bale eKalkarN_ ¬kñúgRbkas¦ general (in a
Prakas)
KuNFm’ virtue eKalkarN_KNenyümankarTTYlsÁal;TUeTA
KuNPaB quality, grade, karEbgEck ~ generally accepted accounting
grading, ~ eBlpÞúk quality shipped or principle (GAAP)

shipped quality, viFIsaRsþ ¬viPaK¦ tamEbb
eKalkarN_ENnaM guideline
~ qualitative method (of analysis) eKalkarN_énPaBsuIKña matching concept/
KuNPaBx<s; ¬Er:¦ high grade (ore) convention

KuNvibtþi shortcoming, disadvantage eKalkarN_esµIPaB nigmanplRbeyaCn_eTAvij
KuNvibtþi flaw, Edlman ~ flawed eTAmk principle of equality and mutual
benefit
KuNvuDÆi ¬smtßPaBkñúgCMnaj¦ qualification eKalKMnit concept
KuNsm,tþixagCMnaj qualification eKal¼em/ EpnTI master map
KURbECg rival eKaledA purpose, goal
KUsbBa¢ak; v. emphasise eKaledA target, Rkum ~ target group,
KYkeC broker, middleman TIpSar ~ target market
KYkeCh‘un stockbroker
117

eKaledAGPivDÆn_shsSvtSr_ Millennium KMrUtagem master sample
Development Goals (MDGs) KMrUtagrg subsample
eKalneya)ay policy, Rkbx½NÐ ~ policy KMrUtagsV½yTMgn; self-weighting sample
framework
eKalneya)ayebIkTUlay open policy KMrUbgðaj specimen
eKalneya)ayrUbiyvtßúRbugRby½tñ prudent KMrUBIelImkeRkam top-down paradigm
monetary policy KMrUhtßelxa specimen signature
eKalneya)aysac;R)ak;gayRsYl easy KMerag project, karvaytMél ~ project
appraisal, karksag ~ project formulation,
money policy
KMnas; leverage
karGnuvtþn_ ~ project implementation,
KMnit idea
sMeNI ~ project proposal
KMnitécñRbDit creativity, creative thinking
KMeragkksÞH project indigestion
KMnitpþÜcepþIm initiative
KMeragbnÞab;bnSM marginal project
KMnitviPaK analytical thinking
KMeragsakl,g pilot project
KMnitevocevr bad faith
KMlat gap, deviation
KMnUrsßiti chart
KMlatmFüm ¬m> KMlatsþg;dar¦
KMnUstaglk; sale chart
KMlatsþgdar standard deviation (statistics)
;
KMrU model
KMehIj finding
KMrUtag sample, yk ~ v. sample, take a
KaMRT v. support, endorse, esvakmµ ~
sample, Rkum ~ sample group, karRsg; ~ support service
sample implementation, ~ Kg sample KaMRT/ bBa¢ak;KaMRT v. back up, bBa¢ak;KaMRT
overlap, karyk ~ sampling, kareRCIs ~ karGHGag back up a claim
sample selection, Gegát ~ sample survey, KaMRT/ Gñk backer
KMrUtagécdnü random sample, ~ KµankMNt; KaMRTxaghirBaØvtßú/ kar financial backing,
unrestricted random sample financial assistance
KMrUtagécdnüsamBaØ/ karyk simple KaMBar v. safeguard
random sampling
KµankargareFVIeBjelj adj. underemployed,
KMrUtagCMerOn census sample
118

Gñk ~ n. underemployed RKaeKal reference period
KµankareyaKyl;Biess/ karlk; arm’s RKwH foundation
length sale RKwH/ karRsavRCavCa fundamental research
KµanRcksmuRT/ RbeTs landlocked country RKwHsßan establishment
KµandI landless, PaB ~ landlessness RKwHsßan ¬CMnYj¦ business concern
KµaneRbIkar idle, Tun ~ idle capital RKwHsßanrdæ)alsaFarN³ public
KµanplitPaB/ RTBüskmµ unproductive adminstrative establishment
assets RKwHsßansaFarN³ public establishment
KµanélTukedayELk/ mUlniFi unearmarked RKwHsßanesvakmµEkécñ processing-type
fund
service establishment
KµanGVIKYrq¶l; unquestionable RKwHsßanGcié®nþy_ permanent establishment
RKbdNþb;/ kar¼TMhM coverage RKUeBTüCnbT barefoot doctor
RKbsgát; v. dominate RKYsar family, karensaTCalkçN³ ~ family
RKb;RKg v. manage, nayk ~ managing scale fishing
director RKYsar household, ~ RsþIemRKY female-headed
RKb;RKg/ kar management, karRtYtBinitükar household, ~ bursemRKY male-headed
~ management control
household
RKb;RKgeday bTbBa¢a¼bTb,BaØtþic,ab; v. RKYsaredIm original family
regulate
RKb;RKgedayxøÜnÉg/ kar self-managing eRKOgeRbIR)as; appliance
RKb;RKgmin)an/ cMNay uncontrollable eRKOgeqH fuel
expenses eRKOgbriePaK food items
RKb;RKgGsmtßPaB/ kar maladministration eRKOgbMBak; ¬TaMgGcl½t nigcl½t Edllk;eTA
RKb;RKan; enough CamYynwgpÞH¦ fixtures and fittings
RKb;RKan;/ PaBmin insufficiency, deficiency eRKOgbMBak;Cab; fixture
RKb;RCugeRCay adj. comprehensive, eRKOg]bePaK-briePaK ¬m> sMPar³pÁt;pÁg;¦ supply
karviPaK ~ comprehensive analysis eRKagkar scheme
RKa ¬KNenyü¦ period eRKageRcIndMNak; multi-stage frame

119

eRKagelImUldæantMbn; area-based frame
eRKagykKMrUtag sampling frame, ~ dMbUg g
primary-sampling frame (PSF) gakecj/ kar deviation
eRKaHfñak;/ EdlRbkbeday hazardous gayxUc perishable, TMnij ~ perishable
eRKaHfñak;enAeBlbMeBjkargar occupational goods
accident gayeCO/ PaB credulity
eRKaHFmµCati natural disaster gayrgeRKaH adj. vulnerable, Blkr ~
eRKaHGKIÁP½y fire risk vulnerable worker
KøInik clinic gayrgeRKaH/ PaB vulnerability
gayRsYl/ kar facility
X gar title
Xat;cab;Tuk/ kar ¬rfynþ/ TUk>>>¦
impoundment c
XubXitkMNt;éfø/ kar price fixing ckçúvis½y n. vision
eXasnaTak;TajkarKaMRT v. canvass cg v. bind
eXasnabBa©úHbBa©Úl v. lobby cgRkg v. compile
eXasnapSaylk;pÞal;/ kar ¬énbuKÁlmñak;¦ cgP¢ab;/ kar linkage
personal selling
Xñas; lever cg¥úlTis/ kar directive
XøatBIsPaBedIm/ kar aberration cenøaHCMerOn/ TsvtSr_ inter-censal decade
XøaMemIl v. monitor cenøaHeRCIs selection interval
XøaMg warehouse cenøaHRbehag loophole, ~ énBn§ tax loophole
XøaMg/ karTukdak;TMnijkñúg warehousing crca v. negotiate, kar ~ n. negotiation
XøaMg/ qµaM warehouseman crca)an/ Gac negotiable, éfø ~ negotiable
price
XøaMgsþúkTMnijRKb;RKgedayPñak;garKy crcaBIkartMelIgR)ak;Qlrvag nieyaCit nig
Úñ
bonded warehouse
nieyaCk/ kar (free) collective bargaining
crcaCa rYm¼smUhPaB/ kar collective
120

bargaining carxñgcMh blank endorsement
crnþkar/ eFVI ¬m> bc©úb,nñPaB/ eFVI¦ update carwk nominal, tMél ~ nominal value
crnþþ adj. current, cMNay ~ current carwkCaduløarGaemrik ¬]> mUlb,Tanb½Rt¦
expenditures
denominated in US$
cracr circulation, ~ Tun circulation of cas;TuM/ PaB maturity
capital, ~ TMnij circulation of goods
ciBa©wmCIvit/ karrk livelihood
cracr traffic, sNþab;Fñab; ~ traffic order ciBa©wmRtI/ kar pisciculture, fish culture,
crit character fish farming
clnvtßú movable (property) cIrPaB sustainability
clnaTun/ karepÞrTun capital movement cIrPaB/ man sustainable, ksikmµ ~
cak;Kr/ kar dumping sustainable agriculture, karGPivDÆn_ ~
sustainable development
cak;eLIgvij/ kar ¬ExSGat;>>>¦ playback cugeRkay last, ultimate, eKaledA ~ ultimate
(tape...) goal
caj;eRbob disadvantaged cugeRkay/ kareRbIR)as; final consumption
cat;Ecg v. organise, handle, manage, cugExS/ plitpl downstream product
dispose cugRKa/ sareBIP½NÐ ending inventory
cat;EcgTinñn½y/ kar data processing cugecaT defendant
cat;fñak; v. classify culøesdækic© ¬m> mIRkUesdækic©¦
cat;TukCaemaX³ v. invalidate cuHkalbriecäTGtItkal v. antedate
cab;eqñat v. draw lots cuHkalbriecäTGnaKtelImUlb,Tanb½Rt date a
cab;epþIm/ esah‘uy start-up cost cheque forward
cab;GarmµN_/ PaBmin insensitivity cuHkic©snüa ¬em:Akar[Gñk¦ xageRkA v.
cab;eGayTTYlxusRtUv v. hold responsible outsource

cay ¬R)ak;¦ spend, expend, lay out cuHKuNPaBdI/ kar land degradation
carxñg ¬Éksar¦ endorse v. cuHéf¶Ex/ Kµan undated
carxñg ¬Éksar¦/ Gñk endorser cuHéfø v. discount, lk; ~ sell at a dicount,
GRta ~ discount rate
121

cuHéfø v. lower the price, decrease in cuHhtßelxasegçb v. initial
price cUlCaRkumh‘un/ min unincorporated
cuHéfø/ kar ¬elITMnijminRtUv)a:n; rW karsgR)ak; cUlCaFrman v. come into effect/force
munéf¶kMNt;¦ rebate cUlCasmaCik/ kar accession
cuHéføtamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;/ karlk; cash cUléd/ kar complicity
discount
cuHéføeGaytamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;/ cMnYn cash cUlRbLÚk/ kar engagement
rebate cUlmunecjmun Fifo (first in, first out)
cuHTabbMput v. bottom out cUlrYm v. participate, kar ~ participation
cuHTidæakar ¬elIcMNay¦ rW GnuBaØatcMNay cUlrYm/ karGPivDÆn_edaymankar
authorise payment participatory development
cuHTinñanub,vtþi/ kar journalising cUlh‘un/ kar stake
cuHbBa¢I register, kar ~ registration, elx ~ cUleRkayecjmun ¬lIhVÚ ¦ Lifo (last in,
registration number, viBaØabnb½Rt ~ first out)
registration certificate ecosvagBn§/ kar tax avoidance
cuHbBa¢I/ Edlmin)an unregistered ecjcMNayCYs v. defray
cuHbBa¢Ika ¬m> cuHbBa¢I¦ v. register ecj¼ecjpSay v. issue, ecjGaCJab½NÑ
cuHbBa¢IKNenyü/ kar bookkeeping issue a licence
cuHbRBa©aselxna v. reverse an entry ectna intention
cuHbuerkalbriecäT v. ¬m> cuHkalbriecäT Eckcay/ kar distribution
GtItkal¦ antedate, backdate Eckdac;/ Edl ¬elx¦ divisible
cuHelxna enter an entry (journal) Eckbnþ v. ¬KNnI/ Rkum>>>¦ subdivide
cuHelxna v. post an item (ledger), ~ eTAkñúg EckrMElk v. share, ~ bTBiesaFn_ share
experiences
esovePAFM post an item to the ledger Ecg v. stipulate
cuHsMrugKña/ kareFVI[manPaB harmonisation EcgxagelI/ dUcman above-mentioned
cuHhtßelxaFanaelIvikáybRt v. back a bill Ecs ¬fµI/ s¥at¦ adj. immaculate
cuHhtßelxaBIeRkam/ Gñk undersigned n. écdnü adj. random, KMrUtag ~ random

122

sample, karRtYtemIl ~ random check ~ rMls;bMNul debt amortisation outlays
écdnünIykmµ randomisation cMNay/ smtulüminTan; unexpended
ecaTRbkan;edaymin)anbgðajPsþútag/ kar balance
allegation cMNayRKb;RKg)an controllable expenses
ecAhVay boss, EdlcUlcitþRtYtRtaeK bossy cMNaycuHeFVIkardl;kEnøg field expenditure
cMkar plantation, ~ ekAs‘U rubber plantation cMNayCamUlFn capital expense
cMNg/ CMnYyman tied aid cMNayCYs/ ecj v. defray
cMNgeCIg title, heading cMNaytaméf¶/ ¬R)ak;¦ per diem
cMNgTak;Tg link, linkage cMNayEfTaM maintenance expense,
cMNakRsuk migration upkeep expenses

cMNat;kar n. treatment cMNayTUeTA ¬cMNayeTogTat; nigsMxan;²Edl
cMNat;fñak; classification, eFVI ~ classify v. minTak;TgedaypÞal;nwgkarplit¦ overheads,
overhead charges
RbB½n§eFVI ~ system of classification cMNayTUeTA nigcMNayrdæ)al general and
cMNat;fñak; tMél¼KuNsm,tþi/ kareFVI rating administrative expenses
cMNat;fñak; ¬tamlMdab;¦/ eFVI v. rank cMNayRTRTg;karrs;enA cost of living
cMNat;fñak;kargar job ranking/grading cMNaybg;mun prepaid expense
cMNat;fñak;rg subclassification cMNaybEnßm additional expense, aftercost
cMNab;GarmµN_ impression, perception cMNay)anKitbEnßm accrued expense
cMNay expense, cost, ~ énkarRbmUl cMNayeRbIR)as; consumption
Tinñn½y cost of data collection expenditures
cMNayhYskMNt; overspending
cMNay v. expend, spend
cMNarxñg endorsement, ~ ÉksaredIm,I
cMNay n. expenditure, expense, ~ Ca
RbmUlR)ak; endorsement for collection,
mUlFn capital expenditure, ~ crnþ current
GñkmansiT§ieRbIR)as;lixitsñamtam ~ endorsee
expenditure, ~ rdæ)al admistrative
cMNuccUl entry point
expenses, ~ epSg² sundry expenses
cMNucecj exit point
cMNay n. outlays (financial),
123

cMNucedA target cMNUlCamUlFn capital revenue
cMNucENnaM guideline cMNUldul gross proceeds/receipts/returns
cMNucbt; ¬eBlEdlmankarpøas;bþÚr¦ turning cMNUlTTYlmun ¬KWRtUveyageTAbBa©Úlkñúg
point kariybriecäTeRkay²¦ deferred revenue or
cMNucRbsBV focal point unearned revenue
cMNucepþat n. focus cMNUlTab low-income, RKYsarman ~ low
cMNucminl¥ drawback income households

cMNucrYcedIm break-even point cMNUlenATMenrrbs;buKÁl rW cMNUlbuKÁl
cMNuH ¬vtßúpÞúk¦ capacity eRkaykat;Bn§ ¬]> R)ak;ExrebIkykeTApÞH)an¦
disposable personal income
cMNuH/ GgÁPaB subordinate entity cMNUlbuKl/ R)ak; personal income/revenue
Á
cMNuHpÞúk loading capacity cMNUlBIkarlk; sale revenue/proceeds
cMNUl income, earnings, ~ eRkaykat;Bn§ cMNUlBIvinieyaK returns
after-tax income, ~ Cab;Bn§suT§ net taxable cMNUltRbkas undisclosed income
income, ~ pÞal;xøÜn personal income, cMNUlÉktabEnßm marginal revenue
~ eRkaykat;Bn§ disposable income, ~ eRkA cMeNj ¬CaR)ak;¦ v. gain
BIebovtSr_ private income, ~ )anTTYlmun cMeNj/ PaBman profitability
income collected in advance, ~ kñúgmnusS cMeNj rW R)ak;cMeNj profit
mñak; per capita income, ~ suT§ net income, cMeNj¼xat elIRkdas paper loss/profit
KNnI ~ income account, r)aykarN_ ~ cMeNjxat/ KNnI profit and loss account
income statement
cMNUl revenue, ~ crnþ current revenue, cMeNjxat/ r)aykarN_ rW r)aykarN_cMNUl
eKalneya)ayxag ~ revenue policy, cMNay/ profit and loss statement
~ TTYlmun unearned revenue,
cMeNjx<s;bMputminFøab;man record profits
cMNUleRkABIebovtSr_ private income cMeNjeRcIn healthy profit
cMNUlcitþ preference, taste cMeNjdul gross profit
cMNUlcMNay/ r)aykarN_ profit and loss cMeNjPøam²trMBwgTuk winfall profit
statement cMeNjmunbg;Bn§ pre-tax profit
124

cMENk n. share c,ab;kic©snüa contract law
cMENkTIpSar market share/penetration c,ab;Rkumh‘un companies act
cMeNaténExSekag slope of a curve c,ab;edIm ¬snøwkedIm¦ original, vikáybRt ~
cMeNalRsuk/ Gñk ¬m> GaNikCn¦ expat original invoice

cMeNHeFVI know-how c,ab;TTYlsÁal;/ R)ak;Edl legal tender
cMnYnmux range, ~ plitpl product range c,ab;nItiviFI procedural law (French:
code de procédure)
cMbg adj. major, main c,ab;bEnßm ¬RbcaMtMbn;¦ by-laws
cMraj;/ Er: mineral concentrate c,ab;RbqaMgnwgRtwsþ anti-trust law
cMraj;eGaysuT§ v. purify c,ab;Blkmµ labour law
cMruH ¬shRKas/ KN³kmµaFikar>>>¦ joint c,ab;rdæb,evNI civil law
cMruHkmµ diversification c,ab;erobcMGgÁkar organic/organisational law
cMruH¼smasPaBesdækic©cMruH/ shRKas joint c,ab;sþIBIkarFanar:ab;rg insurance law
venture
cMruHGnþrRksYg/ KN³kmµaFikar joint inter- c,ab;sþIBIc,ab;bEnßm law on addendum
ministerial committee c,ardMNaM/ kareFVI horticulture
cMlgtam/ eFVI v. replicate ec,al²/ kar)a:n;sµan rough estimate
cMelIy/ EdlKµan unanswered Rck channel
cMh open, pSar ~ open market Rckecj exit
cMehH ¬kareqH¦ combustion RckecjcUlEtmYy single window, one
écñRbDitrksuI/ lkçN³ entrepreneurship stop shop

c,ab; law, esckþIRBag ~ draft law, ~ nig Rckecjbec©keTs technical fix
bTb,BaØtþi laws and regulations, ~ sþIBIsh RcklðkmanPaBRkIRk pocket of poverty
lkçnþik³m®nþIraCkarsuIvil law on Co-Statute Rc)ac;bBa©ÚlKña consolidated, B½t’man ~
consolidated information, kar ~ nUvtarag
of Civil Servants, ~ sþIBIhirBaØvtßúsMrab;kar
RKb;RKg law on Financial Management, ~ tulükar consolidation of balance sheets
sþIBIrbbsnþisuxsgÁm law on Social Security RcbUkRcbl;/ kar¼PaB confusion, chaos
RcLMbl; confusing
125

Rcanecal v. reject, vtßú ~ ¬eRBaHminRtUvkar¦ qñaM/ KitelImUldæanRbcaM annualized
reject qñaMelIqñaM ¬eFobnwgry³eBldUcKñaénqñaMmun¦ year
RcanecalCamun preclude on year, bMErbMrYl ~ year on year change
eRcInkkkuj adj. glut qøgkat; transit, KNnI ~ transit account,
eRcInkMrit multi-level TMnij ~ transit goods, GaCJab½NÑsMrab;TMnij ~
eRcInliclg;TIpSar glut the market transit licence, GñkdMeNIr ~ transit passenger
eRcInelIstMrUvkar/Edl adj. redundant qøgkat;RBMEdn/ BaNiC¢kmµ cross-border trade
eRcaHdac;dI/ kar soil erosion eqøytb/ kar n. response, GRtaeqøIytb
I
eRcaHsMGat v. purify response rate, PaBeqøIytb responsiveness
eqøótykcMeNj v. capitalise
q eqøótykcMeNjBIelI cash in on
qk;»kas v. capitalise qøúHbBa©aMg v. reflect
qk;»kasekjcMeNj/ kar speculation, q¥wgxñg/ ehdæarcnasm<½n§ ¬ehdæarcnasm<½n§
~ kñúgeRbgkat oil speculation eKal¦ backbone infrastructure
qnÞ³ will Eq¥teBjedayTMnijénTIpSar/ PaB market
saturation
qnÞanusiT§i ¬siT§isMerceBjelj¦ discretion,
Ca ~ rbs;rdæaPi)al at the ~ of the
government
C
qak stage, scenario, ~ neya)ay political CECkedjedal/ kar ¬]> enAsPa¦ debate
scene/arena CBa¢IgTUTat; balance of payments, »nPaB¼
qakar flat, kMér ~ flat fee, éfø ~ flat price Gtierk ~ balance of payments deficit/
qab;rMePIb/ PaB sensitivity surplus
Eqkeqr/ kar check CBa¢IgTUTat;GnþrCati external balance,
foreign balance
eqA raw, Tinñn½y ~ raw data CBa¢IgBaNiC¢kmµ balance of trade
qñaM year, ~ eKal base year, ~ sareBIBn§ Cncas;Cra elderly
fiscal year, ~ hirBaØvtßú financial year
CncMNakRsuk migrant
126

CnCab;ecaT n. accused CatiBn§úviTüa ethnography
CnenArs; survivor CatUbnIykmµ¼Catikmµ/ eFVI v. nationalise
CnbreTs alien, c,ab;sþIBI ~ alien act CaRbcaM/ cMNUl ¬m> cMNUlcrnþ¦ current
CnrYmCati compatriot revenue

CnsuIvil n., énCnsIuvil adj. civilian Camun/ karpþl;dMNwg advance notice
Clpl aquatic product, FnFan ~ aquatic Cav¼sMuCav/ kar subscription, éføCav
subscription price
resources
Clyan boat, esovePAskmµPaB ~ boat log Cavtßú/ viPaKTan in-kind contribution
book CINUm ¬CIvsaRsþ¦ genome
Clvb,kmµ aquaculture CIv³cMruH bio-diversity
C½yP½NÐ ¬rbs;EdldeNþIm rW bøn;BIeK¦ booty, CIvRBwtþi/ ksikmµ subsistence agriculture
spoils CIvPaB livelihood or living
C½ylaPI winner CIvm:as biomass
Cak;lak; explicit, bTbBa¢a ~ explicit CIv]sµ½n biogas
instruction
Cak;lak;/ PaB specificity, accuracy CIvit/ mYy lifetime, bTBiesaFn_kñúg ~ a
lifetime of experience
Cak;lak;/ ry³eBl specific period of time CUndMNwg/ kar notification, nItiviFICUndMNwg
Cak;Esþg actual, karRbKl; ~ actual notification procedure
delivery, karbBa©aTij ~ actual order, CUndMNwg/ FnaKar advising bank
karlk;TMnij ~ actual selling of goods CUndMNwgmunry³eBlxøI short notice
Cak;Esþg factual, sßanPaB ~ factual CUnB½t’man/ lixit advice note
situation CUneyabl;/ lixit advice note
Cak;Esþg/ tamkar de facto CYjdUr/ kar trading
Cak;Esþg/ minTan; latent CYjdUr)an/ Gac negotiable, rUbiyaNtþi
Cak;Esþg/ viFankar concrete measure NeTyü ~ negociable debt instrument
Cati adj. national, fñak;eRkam ~ sub- CYjdUrh‘unedayGñképÞkñúg/ kar ¬EdldwgB½t’man
national level sMgat;BIRkumh‘un¦ insider dealing, insider trading

127

CYbTak;Tg/ kar contact, mnusSsMrab;CYb CMTas;tva:nwgesckþIsMerc contest a decision
Tak;Tg contact person CMnaj skill
CYyFana v. underwrite, Gñk ~ underwriter CMnajnIykmµ ¬m> ÉkeTsnIykmµ¦
CYybMeBjxat v. subsidise, kar ~ specialisation
subsidisation CMnUn n. present
CYr ¬PñM¦ range CMnYj trade, dealing, ~ Rsbc,ab; fair
CYr/ CYrepþk ¬tarag¦ row dealing

CYl ¬edaymankic©snüa¦ v. lease, ~ mkvij CMnYj/ kic©kar business, kareFVI ~ business
undertaking
lease back, karCYl lease n. CMnYj/ eFVI v. trade
CYl v. ¬pÞH/ kariyal½y>>>¦ let CMnYjEdlpþl;cMeNj paying business
CYl v. ¬pÞH/ rfynþ/ >>>¦ rent CMnYjh‘unKña partnership
CYl v. ¬rfynþ/ Blkr>>>¦ hire CMnYb meeting
CYl/ kar rental CMnYy aid, assistance, kic©RBmeRBogpþl; ~
CYl/ ry³eBl n. ¬GclnRTBü¦ tenancy aid agreement, ynþkarsMrbsMrYl ~ aid
CYl/ Gñk ¬dI/ pÞH>>>¦ tenant, ksikrCYldIeK coordination mechanism, kmµviFI ~ aid
tenant farmer
programme, ~ esdækic© economic aid
CYlbnþ sublet, sublease
eCIgsar ¬rW eCIgsarCMnYj¦broker, middleman CMnYykar assistant, KNenyükr ~ assistant
accountant
eCO/ PaBKYreGay credibility CMnYybec©keTs technical assistance (TA)
eCOnelOn progress, kMBug ~ in progress CMnYybreTs foreign aid
eCOnelOneTAmux/ kar advancement CMnYyBIxageRkA ¬RbeTs¦ external aid
eCOnelOnnigsµúKsµaj/ bec©kviTüa CMnYymnusSFm’ humanitarian assistance
sophisticated technology
eCaKC½y/ min)an unsuccessful CMnYyse®gÁaHbnÞan; emergency aid/relief
CMu¼xYb¼vdþ cycle CMnYysµartI memorandum
CMgWbNþalBIkargar work-related illness CMnYytcMNg untied aid
CMTas;/ kar objection, Kµan ~ no objection CMnYytsMNg grant aid

128

CMnYs/ kardak; subrogation liquidation report, kar ~CakatBVkic©
CMnYsKña)an/ PaBGacykeTA fungibility compulsory liquidation, kar ~ edaysµ½RK
CMenOn progress, r)aykarN_ ~ progress citþ voluntary liquidation
report CMrHhirBaØvtßú/ kar financial liquidation
CMBak;/ Edl due CMelaH quarrel
CMBak;/ enA ¬kMcI¦ outstanding CMhr position
CMBak;bMNul/ PaB indebtedness CMhrhirBaØvtßú financial standing
CMBUk chapter CMhrNTan credit status
CMBUk ¬RkumstV/ rukçCati¦ genus CMhan ¬kñúgdMeNIrkarGVImYy¦ step, CaCMhan²
CMrk shelter, ~ ecosBn§ tax shelter steadily, mYyCMhanmþg² step by step
CMruj v. boost, motivate, stimulate, eRCIs v. select, sort
promote
CMrujTwkcitþ/ kar motivation eRCIs/ kar selection, el¥ógkñúg ~ selection
CMrujTwkcitþ/ eRKOg inducement error, cenøaHeRCIs selection interval,

CMrujplRbeyaCn_BaNiC¢kmµ/ kar promotion ~ beNþaHGasnñ tentative selection
of commercial interests eRCIsKMrUtag/ kar sample selection
CMerIs option eRCIserIs/ kar selection
ykKMrUtagKµanRsTab;/ kar unstratified eRCotERCk/ kar interference
sampling
ERCTMnijemIl shop around
CMerIsdMbUg primary selection
CMerIsepSgeTot alternative
CMerIsmankarRtYtBinitü controlled selection Q
CMerOn census, ~ RbCaCn population census Qb;/ kar cessation, karbBaÄb;GaCIvkmµ
CMrH ¬bBa¢I/ bMNul¦ v. liquidate cessation of business

CMrHkþI v. adjudicate Qb;sMrakKµanebovtSr_/ kar leave without pay
CMrHbBa©b; v. dispose Qb;sMrakeBlQW/ kar sick leave
CMrHbBa¢I/ kar liquidation, r)aykarN_ ~ QaneTAdl;kic©RBmeRBog v. come to an
agreement

129

Qanmux/ ]sSahkmµ pioneer industry dkR)ak;elIsR)ak;beBaØI/ kar overdraft
eQagdl;/ kar outreach dkhUt v. revoke, ~ GaCJab½NÑ ¬mkvij¦
QñH/ Gñk winner revoke a licence

QµÜj trader dkhUt v. ¬rbs;RTBü¦ confiscate,
dispossess
QµÜjkNþal middleman dg;suIet density
eQµaHBaNiC¢kmµ brand name dNþb;minsBV/ karFanar:ab;rg undercoverage
(insurance)

j dl;kMNt;/ Edl due
dl;kMNt; ¬sg¦/ éf¶ maturity date
jtþi petition dl;éd/ éføTijlk; spot price
jtþibenÞas motion of censure dak;ecjCaelIkdMbUgnUv/ kar ¬]> plitplelI
jatiCitCageK next of kin TIpSar¦ launch
jatiBn§ n. ¬m> sac;jati¦ relative dak;CUnBinitü/ kar filing
jwkjab;/ PaB frequency dak;eTas v. penalise
Ejk v. differentiate dak;R)ak;enAFnaKar v. bank
Ejk[eXIjPaBxusKña/ kar differentiation dak;mUlb,Tanb½RteGayRbB½n§FnaKarcat;kar
epÞrR)ak; clear a cheque
d dak;vin½y v. impose disciplinary sanction,
dkxøÜnecj back out, ~ BIkic©snüa back out kar ~ disciplinary action
from a contract dak;snÞsSn_/ kar indexation
dkecjBImuxtMENgGVImYykñúgrdæaPi)al dak;sMBaF v. exert pressure
removal from a government office
dac;xat absolute, sMelg ¬e)aHeqñat¦ PaKeRcIn
dkbNþwg discharge
~ absolute majority vote, ]tþmPaB ~
dkR)ak; ¬BIKNnI¦ withdraw money absolute advantage
dkR)ak;/ Gñk drawer dac;Rsyal/ tMbn; remote area
dkR)ak;/ GñkeGayeK drawee das;etOn/ kar warning

130

dI rW dIFøI land dUmINU/ T§iBl domino effect
dIkmµsiT§i ¬FM²¦ estate edIm ¬rukçCati¦ trunk, stem
dIka warrant edIm/ RbCaCn indigenous people
dIkaekaHsakSI subpoena edImecaT plaintiff, claimant
dIkaextþ¼Rkug provincial/municipal order edImTuntamc,ab; legal capital
(written instruction) edjecal/ kar dismissal
dIkaXMu commune regulation(s) edjéfø v. bid
dIkabgÁab; ¬tulakar¦ writ edjéfø/ kar bid, auction, karlk; ~ auction
dIRkhm red soil sale
dIdaMduH cultivated land edjéfø/ kar ¬edIm,IeFVIkarpÁt;pÁg;¦ tender
dIFøI/ én agrarian, kMENTMrg;dIFøI agrarian edjéfø/ kar ¬edaymandak;ÉksartMél
reform ):an;sµanlMGit¦ tendering
dIesIm ¬dITMnabmanTwkdk;edayGenøI¦ wetlands edjéfø/ Gñk tenderer
dILÚt_ plot edjéføkñúgeRsamsMbuRtbiTCit/ kar sealed
dIGacdaMduH arable land tender
dwkCBa¢Ún v. & n. transport edjéføCaGnþrCati/ kar international bidding/
dwkTMnij ¬tamrfynþ rW rfePøIg¦/ kar haulage, tendering

éfø ~ haulage cost edjéføedayRbkYtRbECgkñúgRsuk/ kar
DCB ( Domestic Competitive Bidding)
dwknaMkargar/ KN³kmµaFikar steering edjeCIgKña/ PaB ¬m>RbkYtRbECg/ PaB¦
committee competitiveness
dwgsÁal;/ kar awareness EdndI/ GaCJaFr territorial authority
dul gross EdnCMrkstVéRB wildlife santuary
duløarGWr:ub Eurodollar EdnensaT fishery zone, ~ bMrugTuk
duløarUnIykmµ dollarisation reserved fishery zone
duHdI/ kar silting (of waterways) EdnrgTwkePøóg catchment area
dUcmanEcg ¬kñúgc,ab;¦ as provided, as Ednsmtßkic©¼yutþaFikar jurisdiction
stated, set forth Ednsm,TanTwkéRb marine concession
131

EdnGnuvtþ ¬c,ab;¦ scope edaHdUredaypÞal;/ kar direct exchange
édKU partner, PaBCa ~ partnership edaHdUrTMnijnwgTMnij ¬karpøas;bþÚrTMnijKñaeday
édKUBaNiC¢kmµ trading partner mineRbIluy¦ barter
duM/ karTij bulk buying edaHdUrenApSarh‘un/ kar stock-exchange
dMukMPYn/ karpþl;fvikaCa substantial funding dealings

dMNak;/ dMNak;kal stage, phase edaHT½l/ karlk; distress sale
dMeNIrkar process edaHElg v. release
dMeNIrkar/ ¬Edl¦ performing, RTBüskmµ edaHRsay handle, ~ sßankarN_ handle a
situation
~ performing asset, RTBüskmµmin ~ edaHRsay/ kar resolution, ~ TMnas; conflict
non-performing asset resolution
dMeNIrkar/ cMNay ¬sMrab;¦ running costs
dMNaMeRcInmux/ kareFVIV polyculture
dMNaMmYymux/ kareFVI monoculture z
dMNaMrYmpSM supplementary crop zbnkmµ ¬m> erobcMtMelIg/ kar¦
dMNaMlk;ykR)ak; cash crop zbnIyPNÐ ¬m> FnbMrug¦ reserve
dMeNaHRsay n. settlement, ~ dIFøI land zbnIyCIvmNÐlbwgTenøsab Tonle Sap
settlement, ~ bec©keTs technical fix
biosphere reserve
zan³ rank
dMeNaHRsayRbkbedaykareyaKyl;
zan³ status, nimitþsBaØasMKal; ~ status symbol
¬min)ac;eTAtulakar¦ amicable settlement
zanKNit land survey
dMeNIrkareTAmux/ kMBug ¬CMnYj¦ to be a going
concern zannþrs½kþi ¬m®nþIraCkar¦ rank
dMeNIrkareFVIGaCIvkmµ/ kic© conduct of zananuRkm hierarchy
business
dMbUg initial, mUlFn ~ initial capital, éfø ~
initial price D
daMéRBeQIeLIgvij/ kar reforestation DIy:aRkam rW KMnUsbMRBYj n. diagram
edaHdUr ¬TMnij¦ Kña/ kar trade-off DIvIDI ¬fasvIedGU¦ DVD
132

DIhSúItal; ¬EdlbgðajCaelx¦ digital taméfø/ Bn§yk ad valorem duty
tamry³enH hereby
t tamGMNacmuxgar ex-officio
tarag table, spreadsheet, chart, flow
tkáviC¢a logic chart, karelIkCa ~ tabulation
ttiyCnGMNUs n. garnishee taragkaMebovtSr_ wage scale
ttiyCn third party taragKNnI chart of accounts
tfPaB reality taragtulükar balance sheet, xÞg;eRkA ~
téfø v. bargain off-balance sheet items, éf¶eFVI ~
tnukmµ depletion balance sheet date
tnuPaB ¬m> kMr/ PaB¦ scarcity taragtulükarsrub ¬bUkcUlEfmnUvbuRtsm<½n§>>¦
tbkmµ austerity, ~ esdækic© economic consolidated balance sheet
austerity taragtulüPaB trial balance
tv:a v. protest, complain taragBn§Ky customs tariff, tariff
tv:a/ kar protest, claim tarageBl¼kalviPaK schedule, ~ sgR)ak;
ts‘Umti/ kar advocacy repayments schedule

tamkalkMNt; adj. periodic, RbB½n§RtYtBinitü taragGnueRKaHBn§KymanRbsiT§iPaBrYm Common
Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT)
~ periodic-control system, RbB½n§bBa¢aTij ~ titkmµ ¬m> Eq¥teBj>>>¦ saturation, ~ kñúgpSar
iß
periodic-order system
market saturation, eFVI ~ v. saturate
tamc,ab; legal, edImTun ~ legal capital,
esckþIsMerc ~ legal decision, GñktMNag ~ twgEtg hard, kartéfød¾ ~ hard bargain
legal representative, eFVI[eTA ~ legalise,
twgruwg/ viFankar stringent measure
PaB ~ legality tulakar court of justice
tamdan ¬m> XøaMemIl¦ monitor tulakarBaNiC¢kmµ commercial court
tamdanbnþ follow-up v. & n. tulükarfvika/ eFVI v. balance the budget
tamdanemIl/ kar tracking tulükares,óg food balance
tamEtGMeBIcitþ arbitrary tulüPaB balance

133

tUctac adj. minor tMbn;/ karEbgEck zoning
tY ¬rfynþ¦ body (car) tMbn;RtYtBinitüKy ¬tMbn;EdlKyGactamcab;
tYy:ag/ Ca typical TMnij)an¦ customs territory
tYGgÁ actor, ~ esdækic© economic actor tMbn;BaNiC¢kmµesrIGas‘an ASEAN Free
etsþ n. test, eFVI ~ v. test Trade Area (AFTA)

etsþCab;/ eFVI pass the test (education) tMbn;PavUbnIykmµ regionalisation
EtgtaMg/ kar nomination, appointment, tMbn;ykKMrUtag sampling domain
accreditation, GñkTTYl ~ nominee,
tMbn;rab;bBa©Úl enumerator area (EA)
kartaMgs‘ubkñúgzannþrskþiCaPñak;garrdæ)al tMbn;rab;bBa©ÚlCMerOn census-enumeration
area
permanent appointment to the rank of
administrative agent tMbn;esdækc©Bei ss special economic zone
i
tMkl;Tuk/ kar filing tMbn;GPivDÆn_Biess special promotion
tMkl;R)ak;¼kk; v. deposit zone (SPZ)

tMNag rW GñktMNag representative, ~ tMrg;Tis oriented (orientated), kar ~
orientation
mansiT§iRbTan authorised representative tMrg;Tis v. direct
tMNagkarBarkþI attorney tMrUv v. mandate, c,ab; ~ fa... the law
tMNagRbcaMRbeTs resident representative mandates that....
tMNagpþac;mux sole representative, tMrUv/ kar requirement, R)ak;bMrugtam ~
exclusive/sole agent required reserves
tMNagBaNiC¢kmµ commercial traveller tMrvkar demand, need, ~ Cak;Esþg effective
U
tMNageBjsiT§ full-right representative demand, ~ ¬én¦TIpSar market demand,
tMENg position, ~ TMenr vacant position ~ edIm,Icgsm<½n§ need for affiliation
tMbn; area, Ékta ~ area unit tMrvkar ¬caM)ac;CamUldæan¦ needs, karsikSa
U
tMbn; region, Gnu ~ sub-region, ~ Rbtibtþikar vaytMélBI ~ needs assessment study,
swkrg military sub-region ~ caM)ac; basic needs, ~ CamUldæanrbs;mnusS
tMbn; zone, ~ sñÚl core zone, ~ RTnab; basic human needs (BHN)
tMrUvkar/ ExSekag demand curve
buffer zone, Gnþr ~ inter zone

134

tMrUvkar/ minsUvman be in poor demand tMélTijcUl ¬m> tMéltamRbvtþisaRsþ¦
tMrUvkar nigkarpÁt;pÁg; demand and supply historical cost

tMrUveGay v. ¬eFVIGVImYy¦ require tMélTIpSar market value
tMlaPaB transparency tMélFanik ¬m> tMélTIpSar¦ market value
tMelIg v. raise, ~ Bn§ raise tax tMélenAeBlcUl ¬tMélsMPar³eBlTijcUl¦
original cost
tMelIg KuNPaB¼ smtßPaB v. upgrade tMélbc©úb,nñ present value, ~ suT§ net
tMelIgzan³/ kar ¬buKÁlik¦ promotion (of present value (NPV)
an employee) tMélbEnßm value added (VA)
tMelIgéfø v. increase price, mark up tMélRbmUl)anvij scrap/salvage value
tMél cost, value, ~ elIs¼xVH capital tMél)an Rbkas¼RbtievTn_ declared value
gains/loss (accounting)
tMél/ karkMNt; valuation tMélplitpÞal; ¬KµanbUkcMnayTUeTA¦ direct
production cost, prime cost
tMél/ TMnijman valuable goods tMélpøas;ecj ¬pøas;rbs;mYyedayrbs;mYy
tMél/ ry³kalman validity epSgeTot¦ replacement value
tMél/ vay¼eGay v. value tMéllk; ¬)an¦ sales value
tMélkñúgbBa¢I rW tMélKNenyü book value, tMélelIs ¬elIkarlk;RTBüskmµCab;lab;¦
carrying value capital gain
tMélRkumh‘unKittamtMélTIpSarénsnøwkh‘un tMélsþg;dar standard cost
market capitalisation
tMélxVH capital loss (accounting) tMélGnaKt future value
tMélKNenyü book value t,itet,ót/ kar¼PaB austerity, ~ xagesdækic©
economic austerity
tMélcarwk nominal value t,Úg rW t,Úg ¬fµ¦ mantMél gem or gemstone
tMélcuHelIb½NÑ rW tMélcarwk face value, par Rta n. seal
value, nominal value
tMéltamRbvtþisaRsþ ¬tMélCak;EsþgkalBIeBl Rtab;tam/ kareFVI simulation/imitate
TijcUl¦ historic/historical cost RtIPaKI adj. tripartite
tMéltameBl time value RtImas quarter
RtwmRtUv correct, right, just, fair, sound
135

eKalkarN_RbkYtRbECg ~ principle of fair and balances
competition RtYsRtay¼Qanmux/ kargar pioneering work
RtwmRtUv/ PaB correctness, accuracy eRtom/ kic©RBmeRBog stand-by agreement
RtwmRtUv/ min inaccurate, PaB ~ inaccuracy eRtombMrug backup
RtUvc,ab; licit t¥ÚjEt¥r v. complain
RtUvpøas;bþÚrtamkarcaM)ac;/ Edl mutatis
mutandis
RtYtKña¼KgKña overlap f
RtYtKña ¬tRbeyaCn_¦/ kar duplication ftcMlg/ kar duplication
RtYtRta v. control ftdak;Tinñn½y ¬kMuBüÚT½r¦ n. directory
RtYtRta/ cUl v. ¬edayTijykCag 50°én fycuH/ kar decrease
PaKh‘unrbs;Rkumh‘un¦ takeover, kar ~ n. fycuHtamkareRbIR)as;/ RTBü depletive asset
takeover fytMél depreciate
RtYtBinitü control, inspect, GñkRtYtBinitü fvika budget, NTan ~ budget credit,
controller
RtYtBinitükarbþÚrR)ak;/ kar exchange control mUlniFi ~ budget fund, karRtYtBinitü ~
budget control
RtYtBinitüeRkayskmµPaB/ kar post-action fvikaKµantulüPaB ¬man»nPaB¦ unbalanced
control(s)
budget
RtYtBinitüxaghirBaØvtßú/ Gñk (financial) fvikaTUeTArbs;rdæ state general budget
comptroller
RtYtBinitüedayeRbIEPñk/ kar visual control fvikanIykmµ budgetarization, budget
RtYtBinitüénPñak;garKy/ kar customs preparation, naykdæan ~ nig hirBaØkic©
examination department of budgetarization and
finance
RtYtBinitüebovtSr_nigéfø/ kar wage and fvikaRbtibtþikar operating budget
price controls
RtYtBinitümunskmµPaB/ kar pre-action zan³ ¬kñúg¦ sgÁm social status
control(s) famBlelIs)anBIkarpÁMúKña synergy
RtYtBinitüsþúk/ kar stock control fasrwg hard disk (computer)
RtYtemIl/ kar check, ~ nigføwgGMNac checks efr/ éfø constant price
136

efrevlaGnueRKaH grace period (debt fñaMsMlab;stVcéRg pesticides
repayment) fµmantMél precious stones
EfTaM/ cMNay upkeep expenses fµIEbøk/ Edl¼PaB¼rbs; adj. & n. novelty
EfTaMRKb;RKg/ kar stewardship éfø n. price, ~ efakNas; bargain/cut price,
EfTaMsuxPaB ¬cMNay¦ medical care(expense) ~ efakbMput rock bottom price, ~ RBmeRBog
EfTaMsuxPaB/ kar health care, ~ bzm agreed price, ~ lk; selling price
primary health care (PHC)
EfTaM/ kar maintenance, cMNay ~ éfø adj. dear, expensive
maintenance costs éfø/ kMNt; v. price, kar ~ pricing, RbB½n§ ~
éf¶kMNt;/ dl; by the due date pricing system
éf¶Qb;sMrakmanebovtSr_ holidays with pay éfø ¬RtUvbg;¦ charge, éføbnÞb; ¬RtUvbg;¦
or paid holidays room charge
éf¶dl;kMNt;sgR)ak; date of maturity, due éfø ¬lk;¦ ecjBIXøaMg ex-warehouse price
date éfø ¬lk;¦ ecjBIeragcRk ex-works price,
éf¶TUTat; account day ex-factory price
éf¶TUTat;bBa¢I/ éf¶CMrHbBa¢I settlement day éfø ¬Ékta¦ unit price, rate
éf¶eFVIkar working day éføx<s;hYsRbmaN ¬éføkab;eqA¦ price cut to
the bone
éf¶RbKl;R)ak; ¬QñÜl¦RbcaMRtImas quarter- éføKitTaMgBn§ duty paid price
day
éf¶rYcput ¬Bn§¦ day-release éføeKal basic price
fñak; class, ~ eGkUnUmI¼CMnYj¼elxmYy ¬ekAGI éføcrnþ current price, tarag ~ current
price list
ynþehaH¦ economy/business/ first class éføCak;Esþg ruling prices
fñak; grade (civil servant) éføQñÜl ¬yanCMniH¦ fare, ~ x<s;¼Tab tamrdUv
fñak;xs; ¬zan³kargar¦ senior, m®nþI ~ senior
< high/low season fare, ~ eFVIdMeNIrEteTA
officer
fñak;qøg cross class rWEtmk single/one way fare
fñak;rg sub-class éføQñÜlenACMBak; back rent
fñaMbgáar vaccine éføQñÜlGnueRKaH concessionary fare

137

éfødwkCBa¢Ún freight, ~ )anbg;mun freight éføTMnijdwkdl;eRkamdgeyag FOB under
prepaid tackle
éfødwkCBa¢Únbg;edayGñkTTYl freight/ éføTMnijbUkéføFanar:ab;rgbUkéfødwkCBa¢Ún CIF
carriage forward (cost, insurance, freight)
éfødwkCBa¢Únbg;edayGñkepJI carriage paid éføTMnijbUkéfødwkCBa¢Ún cost and freight
éfødwkCBa¢ÚnyktaméføTMnij ad valorem (C & F )

freight éføTMnijeRbIR)as; consumer price
éfødul gross price éføTMnijeBlehobbiThag closing price
éføedIm cost price, cost, ~ TMnijlk;ecj éføRTRTg;CIvPaB cost of living
cost of goods sold, ~ plitkmµ éfø Fmµta¼crnþ going price
manufacturing cost éføeFob relative price
éføedImÉktabEnßm marginal cost éføenATIpSar rW éføTIpSar market price
éføedIm,IbeBa©jTMnij/ karkMNt; clearance éføenARBMEdn border price
pricing
éføEdlGacTijdUr)an accessible price éfø)anRbkas quoted price
éføefakdl;)at ¬éføefakNas;¦ rock bottom éføRbkas ¬enATIpSar¦ quotation
price éføRbkaslk; offered price
éføTak;m:Uy introductory offer éføRbkYtRbECg competitive price
éføTMnijdwkdl;EKmnava éføeRbIesva ¬]> eRbIpøÚv/ s<an>>>¦ toll
FAS (free alongside ship)
éføeBj full price ( no discount)
éføTMnijdwkdl;eKaledA FOB shipment to
destination
éfømanninñakarfycuH prices are inclined to
ease
éføTnjdwkdl;elInava FOB (free on board)
Mi
éføykbEnßm surcharge
éføTMnijdwkdl;elInava nigerobeGay FOB
trimmed
éføyutþiFm’ fair price
éføTMnijdwkdl;elIpøÚvEdk FOR (free on rail) éfølk; selling price
éføTMnijdwkdl;elIrfynþ FOT (free on éfølk; ¬efak edayKittamkarbg;Casac;R)ak;¦
truck) cash price
éføTMnijdwkdl;Gakasyandæan FOB airport éføelI/ kar[ ¬edIm,IRbECgTij¦ counter-offer

138

éføelIRkb ¬éfølk;raycuHelIRkbesovePA/ TTYlxusRtUvmankMNt;/ kar limited liability
TsSnavdþI>>>¦ cover price TTYlTMnij/ Gñk consignee
éføelIbBa¢I ¬kataLúk¦ list price TTYlRBm v. ¬lixitpøas;bþÚr/ rUbiyaNtþi¦ accept
éføsBVRKb; ¬éføKitbBa©ÚlRKb;mux³ TMnij/ (a bill of exchange), lixitbBa¢ak;kar ~

Fanar:ab;rg/ dwkCBa¢Ún>>>¦ all-in price notification of acceptance, viBaØabnb½Rt ~
éføsmRsbnwglT§PaBTijrbs;RKb;Kña prices acceptance certificate, bgðajlixitedIm,I
to suit all pockets sMukarbBa¢ak; ~ present a bill for acceptance
éføesva service charge TTYlRBmedaymanlkçxNÐ/ kar qualified
éføGtibrma ceiling price acceptance
éføGnueRKaHdl;GñkTij buyer's price TTYlRBmedaytsMéc/ kar unqualified
éføÉkta unit price, rate acceptance
TTYlRBmTaMgRsug/ kar absolute acceptance
TTYlsÁal; v. acknowledge, ~ karTTYl
T mUlb,Tanb½Rt acknowledge receipt of a
TkSiNRbeTs ¬RbeTsRk¦ south countries cheque

TegVI performance TTYlsÁal;/ kar recognition, accreditation
TNÐkmµ sanction, ~ esdækic© economic Tn;exSay/ ksikr weak farmers,
disadvantaged farmers
sanction
TNÐkmµxagvin½y disciplinary sanction Tn;Pøn; flexible
TNÐit ¬GñkCab;Bn§naKar¦ convict T®nÞanykdI/ kar land grabbing
TTYl/ Gñk receiver Tb;éfønigebovtSr_mineGayeLIg/ kar price
and salary freeze
TTYl/ Gñk ¬]> CMnYy¦ recipient, RbeTsTTYl Tb;sáat; v. curb
¬CMnYy¦ recipient country TliTÞPaB ¬m> RkIRk/ PaB¦ poverty
TTYlxusRtUv/ kar responsibility, liability TsPaK decile n. (statistics), decimal
TTYlxusRtUv/ PaB trusteeship adj., elx ~ n. decimal
TTYlxusRtUv ¬tamc,ab;¦ cMeBaH liable for TsvtSr_/ CMerOnRbCaCnRbcaM decennial
TTYlxusRtUvKµankMrt/ kar unlimited liability
i population census

139

TsSn_lT§PaB n. rW PaBGacTsSn_Tay)an collection, TIPñak;garTarbMNul debt
predictability collection agency
TsSn³ view, TsSn³rYm overview Tarmin)an/ Edl irrecoverable
TsSnkic©sikSa study tour Tal;Rck/ PaB deadlock, TMlay ~ break
TsSnviC¢aesdækic© economic philosophy the deadlock

TsSnvis½y outlook, perspective Tij purchase, ~ eCO purchase on credit,
TsSn³esdækic©/ tam from the economic Tij/ kar ~ purchase
standpoint Tij/ Gñk buyer, purchaser, vendee
TsSnaTan concept, conception Tijykvij buy back, repurchase
Tak;Tg¼Tak;Tin/ Cab; related TidæPaBxageBlevla time dimension
Tak;Taj adj. attractive, éfø ~ GtifiCn Tidæakar/ cuH ¬GnuBaØatcMNay¦ endorse v.
attractive price (an expense) (French: viser)
TajcMNUl/ GRta rate of return TinikCn ¬m> BlkrsuIR)ak;éf¶¦ day labourer
Tan;eBl ¬B½t’man¦ up to date (information) Tinñn½y data, bBa©Úl ~ v. enter data,
TabCagéføedIm below cost mUldæan ~ n. database
TamTar sMNgkarxUcxat¼R)ak;b:Hb:Uv v. claim Tinñn½y eqA¼minTan;viPaK raw data
compensation Tinñn½yRbPBTIBIr secondary data
TamTar/ kar demand, claim Tinñpl yield
TamTar/ EdlBMuRtUv)an unclaimed Tinñanub,vtþi journal (accounting) , b½NÑ ~
TamTar/ Gñk claimant journal voucher
TamTarKNenyüPaBBI demand Tis direction
accountability from TisedA direction, pþl;TisedAnigkarENnaM
Tayk donor provide direction and guidance
TayC¢Tan endowment TisedA n. objective
TayC¢Tan allowance, ~ eGaydl;rMls; TIkEnøg site
depreciation allowance TIXkal ¬m> ry³eBlEvg¦ long term
TayaT ¬GñkTTYlmrtk¦ heir TIcat;karKy customs house
Tar ¬RbmUlR)ak;¦ collect payment, kar ~
140

TIcat;karcuHbBa¢ICapøÚvkar registered office agency
(of a company) TIsMGagbBa¢ak;BIxagFnaKar bank reference
TIcat;karFM head office TIsñak;karkNþal ¬énRkumh‘un¦ headquarters
TICMrk sanctuary TwkédGn; bad workmanship
TICMral watershed TwkEt ¬R)ak;eGayeRkA¦ tip
TItaMg location TwkR)ak; amount, sum, ~ dul gross
TIRbwkSa adviser (advisor), ~ hirBaØvtßú amount, ~ énvikáybRt amount of
financial adviser invoice
TIpSar market, ~ rUbiyvtßú money/finance Twksab freshwater, karensaT ~ freshwater
market, ~ biT closed market fisheries RtI ~ freshwater fish
TIpSarkMBugpuseT,Ig emerging market Tukcitþ/ karrMelaPesckþI abuse of trust
TIpSarEdleKeCOfaGIv:an;nwgcuHéfø bear Tukcitþ/ EdlKYreGay trustworthy
market TuqnÞ³ ill-will
TIpSarEdleKeCOfaGIv:an;nwgeLIgéfø bull TudæPaB ¬karminRBmcUlxøÜneTAtulakar¦
market
contumacy
TIpSarpþac;mux monopoly/captive market TutIyta duplicate (copy)
TIpSarmankarpÁt;pÁg;eRcInCagtMrUvkar soft TuTidæi/ kar)a:n;sµan pessimistic estimate
market
TIpSarrUbiyvtßú money market Tun capital
TIpSarNTan credit market Tun edIm¼BUC ¬edIm,I[)anduHdal¦ seed
capital
TIPñak;gar agency, ~ CMnYy aid agency, ~ TunbgVil ¬rW Tuncl½t¦ circulating/working/
BinitülT§PaBmuneBlvinieyaK pre- trading capital, revolving fund
investment agency Tunecj/ dk v. decapitalise
TIPñak;garKmnakar travel agency TunbMrug capital reserves
TIPñak;gardwkCBa¢Ún forwarding agency TunmnusS/ vinieyaK human-capital
TIPñak;gareTscrN_ travel agency investment
TIPñak;garpþac;mux sole agency TunminTan;)anbg; unpaid capital
TIPñak;garrUbiyvtßúkNþal central-monetary Tunm©as;h‘unFmµta equity capital
141

TunvinieyaKpSgeRKaHfñak; risk capital TUTat;sgR)ak;CMBak;eK v. pay up
(venture capital) TUeTA general
TunGcl½t fixed capital TUeTA/ PaB generality
TuBVlPaB ¬m> bBa©úHKuNPaB/ kar¦ TUTaMgRbeTs nationwide
degradation
TurKtPaB poverty TUrKmn_/ Gasydæan telegraphic address
TurÖikS famine TUrBum< telex
TUk boat TUrsar fax
TUTat;/ kar settlement, ~ pþac; final TUlMTUlay adj. comprehensive
settlement, FnaKarTUTat; settlement eTogTat; adj. regular, R)ak;cMNUl ~
bank, NTanTUTat; settlement credit regular income, PaB ~ regularity

TUTat;/ karmin non-payment eTogTat;/ Ca steadily
TUTat;/ éf¶ account day eTogTat;/ eday regularly
TUTat;/ min adj. unpaid (cheque) eTogTat;/ min irregular
TUTat;Camun/ kar advance payment eTogeBl/ eday periodically
TUTat;Cavtßú/ kar payment in kind eTsrdæm®nþI senior minister
TUTat;¼bg; R)ak;ecj v. pay out eTsPaBkarBar/ tMbn; protected landscape
TUTat;¼bg; pþac; v. pay off eTas T½NÐ¼bBaØtþi penalty
TUTat;tamdMNak;énCMenOn ¬kargar¦/ kar eTaskmµ offence
progress payment eTasT½NÐ/ dak; v. impose/inflict a penalty
TUTat;tamFnaKar/ kar bank clearing eTAvijeTAmk mutual, karCYyKña ~ mutual
TUTat;tamrebob em:Akar¼qaka/ kar lump- assistance, manplRbeyaCn_ ~ mutual
sum payment benefit
TUTat;TaMgRsug/ Edl)an fully paid up TMgn;dul gross weight
TUTat;bMNulTaMgRsug liquidate/discharge a TMgn;nicl rW TMgn;gab; dead-weight
debt
TMgn;bøg; design weight
TUTat;R)ak;EdlBMuTan;)ansg/ eFVIkar clearing
the arrears
TMng/ PaB likelihood
142

TMnak;TMng relation, liaison, TMnijnaMecj exports, mux ~ export
TMnak;TMng relation, liaison, kariyal½y ~ article/item

liaison office, ~ saFarN³ public
TMnijbBa¢ÚntamynþehaH air cargo/freight
relations, ~ GnþrCati international
TMnijminKg;yUr ¬Gahar/ sarB½t’man>>>¦ non-
durables
relations
TMnak;TMngCMnYjpþac;mux dealership TMnijmUlFn rW TMnijCaTun ¬TMnijsMrab;plit
TMnas; n. conflict, ~ dIFøI land conflict, TMnijepSg²eTot¦ capital goods
~ plRbeyaCn_ conflict of interest
TMnijlk;dac;qab; ¬gaylk;;¦ quick seller
TMnij goods, ~ eRbIR)as; consumer/ TMnijlk;efakBiess special offer
consumable goods, ~ eRbIR)as;kñúgpÞH
TMnijlk;mindac;bBa¢Únmkvij sales returns,
returns
household goods, ~ eFVIedaym:asuIn TMnijGacføwgrWrab;)an fungibles
manufactured goods, ~ RbNit luxury TMnukcitþ/ Cnkan;tMENgCaTI fiduciary
goods, ~ xUcKuNPaB faulty goods, ~ TMnukcitþelIrUbiyvtßú monetary confidence
qøgkat;¼kñúgsþúk¼epJIeTAlk; goods in transit/ TMenIbPavUbnIykmµ¼TMenIbkmµ modernisation,
in stock/ on consignment
TMnij nigesva goods and services eFVI ~ modernise
TMnijKµanGñkTTYl goods in abeyance TMenrecal idle, em:ag ~ idle time
TMnijgayxUc n. perishables TMenar propensity
TMnijRcbUkRcbl; ¬minTan;EbgEcktamRbePT¦ TMrg; profile
unascertained goods TMrg; nig Kti énc,ab; form and legal
TMnijdwktamnava cargo concepts of the law

TMnijEdlKyXat;Tuk clearance inwards TMrg;kar formalities
TMnijEdlputBIKyBinitü clearance TMrg;kar ¬m> nItiviFI¦ procedure
outwards TMrg;kar ¬Éksar¦ form (document)
TMnijnaMcUl imports TMrg;kardEdl² n. routine
TMnijnaMcUlsMrab;eRbIR)as; ¬kñúgRsuk¦ retained TMrg;EbbbT formalities
imports TMrg;EbbbT/ bMeBj fill in a form

143

TMrg;sMbuRt layout of a letter ~ CarUbiyb½NÑ foreign assets (bank)
TMlak;Gv:an;ecalxøHedIm,IsMral ¬nava/ ynþehaH¦
I RTBüskmµbreTs foreign assets, ~ suT§
jettison net foreign assets
TMlab;/ Ca habitual RTBüskmµsuT§/ tMélBit net worth ( asset
TMlab;¼rebobrbb TIpSar market practice based on the present market value
deducts current liabilities)
TMlayPaBTal;Rck/ kar breakthrough RTBüsm,tiþrYmKña co-property
TMhM size, dimension, magnitude RTBüsm,tþi rW RTBü property, asset, Bn§elI
TMenomTMlab;Ep custom of the port (COP) RTBüsm,tþi¼kmµsiT§i property tax, ~ RTBü
TMenomTMlab;BaNiC¢kmµ commercial usage sm,tþiFmµCati natural asset
TaMgmUl whole RTBüsm,tþirbs;buKÁlEdlsøab; estate
RTg;RTay form RTBüGkmµ liabilities, ~ crnþ current
RTRTg; v. sustain, support, sV½y ~ self- liabilities
sustain, ~ CIvit sustain life RTBüGacbþÚrykR)ak;)anrh½s liquid assets
RTRTg;KñaeTAvijeTAmk/ CYy mutually RTwsþI theory
supportive TVIk³/ RbB½n§éfø dual price system
RTnab;; buffer, tMbn; ~ buffer zone eTVTis two-way
RTBüCitdUcrUbiyvtßú ¬RTBüskmµEdlGacbþÚrCa eTVbT ¬m> CMerIs¦
rUbiyvtßú)any:aggay¦ near-liquid asset or eTVPaK/ karcuHbBa¢I double entry bookeeping,
near money
RTBübeBaØIenAbreTs ¬m> RTBüskmµbreTs¦ viFIcuHbBa¢IeTVPaK double-entry
foreign assets eTVPaKI/ CMnYy bilateral aid/assistance
RTBümUlFn capital asset, cMNayelI ~
capital expenditure/investment/outlay
RTBüm©as; equities F
RTBürYmsM)ac;bþIRbBn§ ¬Cam©as;rYmKña¦ F¶n;F¶r/ eFVIeGayrwtEt exacerbate
community property FnFan resource, kareRbIR)as; ~ resource
RTBüskmµ asset, ~ crnþ current asset, consumption, karKitKUrsMéc ~ husbanding
~ Cab;lab; fixed asset, capital asset, of resources

144

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