SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 14
Descargar para leer sin conexión
The Nervous System




                Ataxia
                 And
Ataxia
   Lack of muscle
    coordination
    • A- “no”
    • -taxia “muscle
      coordination”
    • From Greek: “lack of
      order”
•   A neurological sign and
    symptom consisting of
    gross lack of coordination
    of muscle movements
•   A non-specific clinical
    manifestation implying
    dysfunction of parts of the
    nervous system that
    coordinate movement
    • The cerebellum
Symptoms
   staggered gait
   problems with
    balance
   poor limb control
   slurred speech
   choking problems
   irregular eye
    movements
    • nystagmus
                        From the New York Times, performers in "AtaXia," a dance inspired by the
   loss of reflexes    neurological disorder. In the performance, the dancers movements become
                        tentative and isolated. Dancers sink to the floor. Eventually their movements seem
                        “torn asunder”, body parts spasmodically jerking in different directions. The
                        dancers end up helplessly clumped and collapsed
Friedreich’s Ataxia
   The most commonly
    inherited spinocerebellar
    ataxia named for Nicholaus
    Friedreich a German
    physician that first
    described the disease in
    the 1860’s
   An inherited disease that
    causes progressive
    damage to the nervous
    system
   An autosomal recessive
    congenital ataxia that is
    caused by a mutation in
    gene FXN that codes for
    frataxin, located on
    chromosome 9
Signs
   Cerebellar:
     • Nystagmus,
     • Truncal titubation
     • Dysarthria
     • Dysmetria
   Pyramidal:
     • Absent deep tendon reflexes
     • No extensor plantar responses
     • Distal weakness
   Dorsal column:
     • Loss of vibratory and proprioceptive sensation
   Cardiac involvement occurs in 91% of patients
     • Cardiomegaly
     • Symmetrical hypertrophy
     • Murmurs
     • Conduction defects
   Median age of death is 35 years
   20% of cases are found in association with diabetes mellitus type
    1 or 2 or pancreatic beta cell dysfunction
Symptoms
   Symptoms typically begin between the ages of 5
    to 15 years
   Late onset FA may occur in the 20s or 30s
   Muscle weakness in the arms and legs
   Loss of coordination
   Vision impairment
   Hearing loss
   Slurred speech
   Scoliosis
   High plantar arches
   Diabetes
   Heart disorders
Tx
   Currently no cure      Check out
   Treatment
    approved in
    Canada called
    idebenone
   Symptoms and
    accompanying
    complications can      for more information!
    be treated to help
    patients maintain
    optimal functioning
    as long as possible
Did Honest Abe Have ataxia?




University of Minnesota scientists say they've found
evidence President Abraham Lincoln may have been a
victim of ataxia.
Narcolepsy
   Narc/o “stupor”
   -lepsy “seizure”
   A chronic
    neurological
    disorder disrupting
    the sleep-wake
    cycle
   Extreme
    uncontrollable
    desire to sleep
Symptoms
   EDS
    • Excessive daytime
      sleepiness
   Cataplexy
    • Sudden loss of
      voluntary muscle tone
   Vivid hallucinations
    • During sleep or upon
      waking
   Total paralysis
    • Briefly at the beginning
      or end of an episode
Causes
   No known cause
   Strong link to genetic conditions
    • area of Chromosome 6 known as the
      HLA complex
    • Niemann-Pick disease
    • Prader-Willi syndrome
   May represent linkage disequillibrium
Tx
   No known cure
   Central nervous system stimulants used to treat
    EDS:
    •   Methylphenidate
    •   racemic – amphetamine
    •   dextroamphetamine and methamphetamine
    •   modafinil
            new stimulant with a different pharmacologic mechanism
   Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
    • FDA approved drug for cataplexy
   Planned, regular short naps can reduce the need
    for pharmacological treatment
Don’t fall asleep yet…
   It is estimated that as many
    as 3 million people worldwide
    are affected by narcolepsy
   In the United States, it is
    estimated that this condition
    afflicts as many as 200,000
    Americans
   Fewer than 50,000 are
    diagnosed
   Depictions of the disorder
    vary in accuracy in pop
    culture
   People with narcolepsy are
    often unfairly judged as
    lazy, unintelligent,
    undisciplined, or
    unmotivated
    • Groups like
      Narcolepsy Network can
      help!
Resources Cited
   www.ataxia.org
   www.dinf.ne.jp
   www.myweb.tiscali.co.uk
   www.narcolepsynetwork.org
   www.ninds.nih.gov
   www.nytimes.com
   www.wikipedia.org

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Motor neurone disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potential
Motor neurone disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potentialMotor neurone disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potential
Motor neurone disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potentialmeducationdotnet
 
Motor neuron disease - Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Classificat...
Motor neuron disease - Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Classificat...Motor neuron disease - Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Classificat...
Motor neuron disease - Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Classificat...Chetan Ganteppanavar
 
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 	 Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 	 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisMedicineAndHealthNeurolog
 
Epileptic encephalopathy
Epileptic encephalopathyEpileptic encephalopathy
Epileptic encephalopathyNeurologyKota
 
Epilepsy: Diagnostics, Medications, Myths and Facts
Epilepsy: Diagnostics, Medications, Myths and FactsEpilepsy: Diagnostics, Medications, Myths and Facts
Epilepsy: Diagnostics, Medications, Myths and Factsabdul waheed
 
Hereditary spastic paraplegia
Hereditary spastic paraplegiaHereditary spastic paraplegia
Hereditary spastic paraplegiazubair314
 
Motor Neuron Disease and PT Mx
Motor Neuron Disease and PT MxMotor Neuron Disease and PT Mx
Motor Neuron Disease and PT Mxrichamistry3
 
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of parkinsonism.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of parkinsonism.Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of parkinsonism.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of parkinsonism.Abdellah Nazeer
 
Neurology mnd for 5th year 2011
Neurology mnd for 5th year 2011Neurology mnd for 5th year 2011
Neurology mnd for 5th year 2011Shaikhani.
 
Neurodegenerative diseases ppt
Neurodegenerative diseases ppt Neurodegenerative diseases ppt
Neurodegenerative diseases ppt Tukai Kulkarni
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

Motor Neuron Disease
Motor Neuron DiseaseMotor Neuron Disease
Motor Neuron Disease
 
Motor neurone disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potential
Motor neurone disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potentialMotor neurone disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potential
Motor neurone disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potential
 
Tabes dorsalis
Tabes dorsalisTabes dorsalis
Tabes dorsalis
 
Pathology of Neurodegenerative disorders
Pathology of Neurodegenerative disordersPathology of Neurodegenerative disorders
Pathology of Neurodegenerative disorders
 
Degenerative diseases
Degenerative diseasesDegenerative diseases
Degenerative diseases
 
Motor neuron disease - Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Classificat...
Motor neuron disease - Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Classificat...Motor neuron disease - Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Classificat...
Motor neuron disease - Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, Classificat...
 
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 	 Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 	 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
 
stroke
 stroke  stroke
stroke
 
Epileptic encephalopathy
Epileptic encephalopathyEpileptic encephalopathy
Epileptic encephalopathy
 
Epilepsy: Diagnostics, Medications, Myths and Facts
Epilepsy: Diagnostics, Medications, Myths and FactsEpilepsy: Diagnostics, Medications, Myths and Facts
Epilepsy: Diagnostics, Medications, Myths and Facts
 
Hereditary spastic paraplegia
Hereditary spastic paraplegiaHereditary spastic paraplegia
Hereditary spastic paraplegia
 
Motor Neuron Disease and PT Mx
Motor Neuron Disease and PT MxMotor Neuron Disease and PT Mx
Motor Neuron Disease and PT Mx
 
Motor neuron disease
Motor neuron diseaseMotor neuron disease
Motor neuron disease
 
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of parkinsonism.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of parkinsonism.Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of parkinsonism.
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of parkinsonism.
 
Epilepsy
EpilepsyEpilepsy
Epilepsy
 
Neurology mnd for 5th year 2011
Neurology mnd for 5th year 2011Neurology mnd for 5th year 2011
Neurology mnd for 5th year 2011
 
Neurodegenerative diseases ppt
Neurodegenerative diseases ppt Neurodegenerative diseases ppt
Neurodegenerative diseases ppt
 
Parkinson
ParkinsonParkinson
Parkinson
 
Approach to Ataxia
Approach to AtaxiaApproach to Ataxia
Approach to Ataxia
 
Prakash park
Prakash parkPrakash park
Prakash park
 

Similar a The Nervous System

Schizophrenia
SchizophreniaSchizophrenia
Schizophreniagusto80
 
Neuropsychological disorders and management
Neuropsychological disorders and managementNeuropsychological disorders and management
Neuropsychological disorders and managementDr Krishna NSK
 
Neurological emergencies nc
Neurological emergencies ncNeurological emergencies nc
Neurological emergencies ncdjorgenmorris
 
Central Nervous System, Epilepsy, Parkinson, Alzheimer, Stroke and Migraine.
Central Nervous System, Epilepsy, Parkinson, Alzheimer, Stroke and Migraine.Central Nervous System, Epilepsy, Parkinson, Alzheimer, Stroke and Migraine.
Central Nervous System, Epilepsy, Parkinson, Alzheimer, Stroke and Migraine.Dr. Kiran Dhamak
 
Different states of unconsciousness
Different states of unconsciousnessDifferent states of unconsciousness
Different states of unconsciousnessKIST Surgery
 
Clinical neurology epilepsy and seizures
Clinical neurology epilepsy and seizuresClinical neurology epilepsy and seizures
Clinical neurology epilepsy and seizuresDr.mujahid Abdallah
 
Huntingtons disease
Huntingtons disease Huntingtons disease
Huntingtons disease Rahul Kumar
 
Epilepsy and its treatment.pptx
Epilepsy and its treatment.pptxEpilepsy and its treatment.pptx
Epilepsy and its treatment.pptxFarazaJaved
 
Seizure and nursing care.
Seizure and nursing care.Seizure and nursing care.
Seizure and nursing care.V4Veeru25
 
7 epilpsy nero medicine dr raad
7  epilpsy   nero medicine dr raad7  epilpsy   nero medicine dr raad
7 epilpsy nero medicine dr raadeliasmawla
 
G10_NERVOUS DISEASES-DISORDxcdfddER.pptx
G10_NERVOUS DISEASES-DISORDxcdfddER.pptxG10_NERVOUS DISEASES-DISORDxcdfddER.pptx
G10_NERVOUS DISEASES-DISORDxcdfddER.pptxChristianCatacutan4
 
Nervous System Diseases
Nervous System DiseasesNervous System Diseases
Nervous System Diseaseskevinyocum4
 
Degenerativers
DegenerativersDegenerativers
Degenerativersmycomic
 
Neuromuscular Diseases medicine Seminar.pptx
Neuromuscular Diseases medicine Seminar.pptxNeuromuscular Diseases medicine Seminar.pptx
Neuromuscular Diseases medicine Seminar.pptxthekeyman1
 
ALS - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ALS - amyotrophic lateral sclerosisALS - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ALS - amyotrophic lateral sclerosisEnrico Bonnì
 

Similar a The Nervous System (20)

Schizophrenia
SchizophreniaSchizophrenia
Schizophrenia
 
Neuropsychological disorders and management
Neuropsychological disorders and managementNeuropsychological disorders and management
Neuropsychological disorders and management
 
Seizure.pptx
Seizure.pptxSeizure.pptx
Seizure.pptx
 
Neurological emergencies nc
Neurological emergencies ncNeurological emergencies nc
Neurological emergencies nc
 
Central Nervous System, Epilepsy, Parkinson, Alzheimer, Stroke and Migraine.
Central Nervous System, Epilepsy, Parkinson, Alzheimer, Stroke and Migraine.Central Nervous System, Epilepsy, Parkinson, Alzheimer, Stroke and Migraine.
Central Nervous System, Epilepsy, Parkinson, Alzheimer, Stroke and Migraine.
 
SEIZURE
SEIZURESEIZURE
SEIZURE
 
Different states of unconsciousness
Different states of unconsciousnessDifferent states of unconsciousness
Different states of unconsciousness
 
Ataxia
AtaxiaAtaxia
Ataxia
 
Clinical neurology epilepsy and seizures
Clinical neurology epilepsy and seizuresClinical neurology epilepsy and seizures
Clinical neurology epilepsy and seizures
 
Huntingtons disease
Huntingtons disease Huntingtons disease
Huntingtons disease
 
Epilepsy and its treatment.pptx
Epilepsy and its treatment.pptxEpilepsy and its treatment.pptx
Epilepsy and its treatment.pptx
 
Seizure and nursing care.
Seizure and nursing care.Seizure and nursing care.
Seizure and nursing care.
 
7 epilpsy nero medicine dr raad
7  epilpsy   nero medicine dr raad7  epilpsy   nero medicine dr raad
7 epilpsy nero medicine dr raad
 
G10_NERVOUS DISEASES-DISORDxcdfddER.pptx
G10_NERVOUS DISEASES-DISORDxcdfddER.pptxG10_NERVOUS DISEASES-DISORDxcdfddER.pptx
G10_NERVOUS DISEASES-DISORDxcdfddER.pptx
 
Nervous System Diseases
Nervous System DiseasesNervous System Diseases
Nervous System Diseases
 
dementia.ppt
dementia.pptdementia.ppt
dementia.ppt
 
Epilepsy
EpilepsyEpilepsy
Epilepsy
 
Degenerativers
DegenerativersDegenerativers
Degenerativers
 
Neuromuscular Diseases medicine Seminar.pptx
Neuromuscular Diseases medicine Seminar.pptxNeuromuscular Diseases medicine Seminar.pptx
Neuromuscular Diseases medicine Seminar.pptx
 
ALS - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ALS - amyotrophic lateral sclerosisALS - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ALS - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
 

Último

FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...
FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...
FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...Shubhanshu Gaurav
 
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy DasguptaMale Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy DasguptaSujoy Dasgupta
 
EXERCISE PERFORMANCE.pptx, Lung function
EXERCISE PERFORMANCE.pptx, Lung functionEXERCISE PERFORMANCE.pptx, Lung function
EXERCISE PERFORMANCE.pptx, Lung functionkrishnareddy157915
 
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...Ganesan Yogananthem
 
Moving Forward After Uterine Cancer Treatment: Surveillance Strategies, Testi...
Moving Forward After Uterine Cancer Treatment: Surveillance Strategies, Testi...Moving Forward After Uterine Cancer Treatment: Surveillance Strategies, Testi...
Moving Forward After Uterine Cancer Treatment: Surveillance Strategies, Testi...bkling
 
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.pptUnit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.pptPradnya Wadekar
 
Neurological history taking (2024) .
Neurological  history  taking  (2024)  .Neurological  history  taking  (2024)  .
Neurological history taking (2024) .Mohamed Rizk Khodair
 
SGK LEUKEMIA KINH DÒNG BẠCH CÂU HẠT HAY.pdf
SGK LEUKEMIA KINH DÒNG BẠCH CÂU HẠT HAY.pdfSGK LEUKEMIA KINH DÒNG BẠCH CÂU HẠT HAY.pdf
SGK LEUKEMIA KINH DÒNG BẠCH CÂU HẠT HAY.pdfHongBiThi1
 
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.kishan singh tomar
 
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdfRed Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdfMedicoseAcademics
 
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologypptayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologypptPradnya Wadekar
 
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturallyHow to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturallyZurück zum Ursprung
 
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)kishan singh tomar
 
blood bank management system project report
blood bank management system project reportblood bank management system project report
blood bank management system project reportNARMADAPETROLEUMGAS
 
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets barRole of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets barmohitRahangdale
 
Breast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptx
Breast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptxBreast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptx
Breast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptxNaveenkumar267201
 
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptxDNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptxMAsifAhmad
 
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio..."Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...Sujoy Dasgupta
 
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdf
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdfCONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdf
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdfDolisha Warbi
 

Último (20)

FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...
FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...
FDMA FLAP - The first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap is used mainly for...
 
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy DasguptaMale Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
Male Infertility Panel Discussion by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta
 
EXERCISE PERFORMANCE.pptx, Lung function
EXERCISE PERFORMANCE.pptx, Lung functionEXERCISE PERFORMANCE.pptx, Lung function
EXERCISE PERFORMANCE.pptx, Lung function
 
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...
 
Cone beam CT: concepts and applications.pptx
Cone beam CT: concepts and applications.pptxCone beam CT: concepts and applications.pptx
Cone beam CT: concepts and applications.pptx
 
Moving Forward After Uterine Cancer Treatment: Surveillance Strategies, Testi...
Moving Forward After Uterine Cancer Treatment: Surveillance Strategies, Testi...Moving Forward After Uterine Cancer Treatment: Surveillance Strategies, Testi...
Moving Forward After Uterine Cancer Treatment: Surveillance Strategies, Testi...
 
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.pptUnit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
 
Neurological history taking (2024) .
Neurological  history  taking  (2024)  .Neurological  history  taking  (2024)  .
Neurological history taking (2024) .
 
SGK LEUKEMIA KINH DÒNG BẠCH CÂU HẠT HAY.pdf
SGK LEUKEMIA KINH DÒNG BẠCH CÂU HẠT HAY.pdfSGK LEUKEMIA KINH DÒNG BẠCH CÂU HẠT HAY.pdf
SGK LEUKEMIA KINH DÒNG BẠCH CÂU HẠT HAY.pdf
 
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
 
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdfRed Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
 
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologypptayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
 
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturallyHow to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
 
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)
 
blood bank management system project report
blood bank management system project reportblood bank management system project report
blood bank management system project report
 
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets barRole of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
 
Breast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptx
Breast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptxBreast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptx
Breast cancer -ONCO IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL NURSING.pptx
 
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptxDNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
 
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio..."Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
"Radical excision of DIE in subferile women with deep infiltrating endometrio...
 
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdf
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdfCONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdf
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdf
 

The Nervous System

  • 1. The Nervous System Ataxia And
  • 2. Ataxia  Lack of muscle coordination • A- “no” • -taxia “muscle coordination” • From Greek: “lack of order” • A neurological sign and symptom consisting of gross lack of coordination of muscle movements • A non-specific clinical manifestation implying dysfunction of parts of the nervous system that coordinate movement • The cerebellum
  • 3. Symptoms  staggered gait  problems with balance  poor limb control  slurred speech  choking problems  irregular eye movements • nystagmus From the New York Times, performers in "AtaXia," a dance inspired by the  loss of reflexes neurological disorder. In the performance, the dancers movements become tentative and isolated. Dancers sink to the floor. Eventually their movements seem “torn asunder”, body parts spasmodically jerking in different directions. The dancers end up helplessly clumped and collapsed
  • 4. Friedreich’s Ataxia  The most commonly inherited spinocerebellar ataxia named for Nicholaus Friedreich a German physician that first described the disease in the 1860’s  An inherited disease that causes progressive damage to the nervous system  An autosomal recessive congenital ataxia that is caused by a mutation in gene FXN that codes for frataxin, located on chromosome 9
  • 5. Signs  Cerebellar: • Nystagmus, • Truncal titubation • Dysarthria • Dysmetria  Pyramidal: • Absent deep tendon reflexes • No extensor plantar responses • Distal weakness  Dorsal column: • Loss of vibratory and proprioceptive sensation  Cardiac involvement occurs in 91% of patients • Cardiomegaly • Symmetrical hypertrophy • Murmurs • Conduction defects  Median age of death is 35 years  20% of cases are found in association with diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2 or pancreatic beta cell dysfunction
  • 6. Symptoms  Symptoms typically begin between the ages of 5 to 15 years  Late onset FA may occur in the 20s or 30s  Muscle weakness in the arms and legs  Loss of coordination  Vision impairment  Hearing loss  Slurred speech  Scoliosis  High plantar arches  Diabetes  Heart disorders
  • 7. Tx  Currently no cure Check out  Treatment approved in Canada called idebenone  Symptoms and accompanying complications can for more information! be treated to help patients maintain optimal functioning as long as possible
  • 8. Did Honest Abe Have ataxia? University of Minnesota scientists say they've found evidence President Abraham Lincoln may have been a victim of ataxia.
  • 9. Narcolepsy  Narc/o “stupor”  -lepsy “seizure”  A chronic neurological disorder disrupting the sleep-wake cycle  Extreme uncontrollable desire to sleep
  • 10. Symptoms  EDS • Excessive daytime sleepiness  Cataplexy • Sudden loss of voluntary muscle tone  Vivid hallucinations • During sleep or upon waking  Total paralysis • Briefly at the beginning or end of an episode
  • 11. Causes  No known cause  Strong link to genetic conditions • area of Chromosome 6 known as the HLA complex • Niemann-Pick disease • Prader-Willi syndrome  May represent linkage disequillibrium
  • 12. Tx  No known cure  Central nervous system stimulants used to treat EDS: • Methylphenidate • racemic – amphetamine • dextroamphetamine and methamphetamine • modafinil  new stimulant with a different pharmacologic mechanism  Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) • FDA approved drug for cataplexy  Planned, regular short naps can reduce the need for pharmacological treatment
  • 13. Don’t fall asleep yet…  It is estimated that as many as 3 million people worldwide are affected by narcolepsy  In the United States, it is estimated that this condition afflicts as many as 200,000 Americans  Fewer than 50,000 are diagnosed  Depictions of the disorder vary in accuracy in pop culture  People with narcolepsy are often unfairly judged as lazy, unintelligent, undisciplined, or unmotivated • Groups like Narcolepsy Network can help!
  • 14. Resources Cited  www.ataxia.org  www.dinf.ne.jp  www.myweb.tiscali.co.uk  www.narcolepsynetwork.org  www.ninds.nih.gov  www.nytimes.com  www.wikipedia.org