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Nihon
Nihongo
Nihonjin
Introduction to the Language
and Culture of Japan

charismae/nihongo/2013
population: 126,660,000
land area: 145,925 sq mi

population: 98,734,798
land area: 115,831 sq mi
charismae/nihongo/2013
Similarities and Differences

Nihon

Firipin

East Asia

Southeast Asia

archipelago

archipelago

temperate climate

tropical climate

closed to foreign
influences

colonized by Spain,
Japan, US
charismae/nihongo/2013
Japan
Nihon
日本
“sun”

“origin”
charismae/nihongo/2013
The Writing System

Nihon
にほん
ニホン
日本

“Roomaji”

“Hiragana”

“Katakana”

“Kanji”
charismae/nihongo/2013
Roomaji
a
ka
sa
ta
na
ha
ma
ya
ra
wa
n

i
ki
shi
chi
ni
hi
mi
ri

u
ku
su
tsu
nu
fu
mu
yu
ru

e
ke
se
te
ne
he
me
re

o
ko
so
to
no
ho
mo
yo
ro
wo

kya
sha
cha
nya
hya
mya

kyu
shu
chu
nyu
hyu
myu

kyo
sho
cho
nyo
hyo
myo

rya ryu ryo

charismae/nihongo/2013
Hiragana
あ
か
さ
た
な
は
ま
や
ら
わ
ん

い
き
し
ち
に
ひ
み
り

う
く
す
つ
ぬ
ふ
む
ゆ
る

え
け
せ
て
ね
へ
め
れ

お
こ
そ
と
の
ほ
も
よ
ろ
を

きゃ
しゃ
ちゃ
にゃ
ひゃ
みゃ

きゅ
しゅ
ちゅ
にゅ
ひゅ
みゅ

きょ
しょ
ちょ
にょ
ひょ
みょ

りゃ りゅ りょ

charismae/nihongo/2013
Katakana
ア
カ
サ
タ
ナ
ハ
マ
ヤ
ラ
ワ
ン

イ
キ
シ
チ
ニ
ヒ
ミ
リ

ウ
ク
ス
ツ
ヌ
フ
ム
ユ
ル

エ
ケ
セ
テ
ネ
ヘ
メ
レ

オ
コ
ソ
ト
ノ
ホ
モ
ヨ
ロ
ヲ

キャ
シャ
チャ
ニャ
ヒャ
ミャ

キュ
シュ
チュ
ニュ
ヒュ
ミュ

キョ
ショ
チョ
ニョ
ヒョ
ミョ

リャ リュ リョ

charismae/nihongo/2013
あ ア
a

い イ
i

う ウ
u

え エ
e

お オ
o

か カ
ka

き キ
ki

く ク
ku

け ケ
ke

こ コ
ko

きゃ
キャ

きゅ
キュ

きょ
キョ

さ サ
sa

し シ
shi

す ス
su

せ セ
se

そ ソ
so

しゃ
シャ

しゅ
シュ

しょ
ショ

た タ
ta

ち チ
chi

つ ツ
tsu

て テ
te

と ト
to

ちゃ
チャ

ちゅ
チュ

ちょ
チョ

な ナ
na

に ニ
ni

ぬ ヌ
nu

ね ネ
ne

の ノ
no

にゃ
ニャ

にゅ
ニュ

にょ
ニョ

は ハ
ha

ひ ヒ
hi

ふ フ
fu

へ ヘ
he

ほ ホ
ho

ひゃ
ヒャ

ひゅ
ヒュ

ひょ
ヒョ

ま マ
ma

み ミ
mi

む ム
mu

め メ
me

も モ
mo

みゃ
ミャ

みゅ
ミュ

みょ
ミョ

りゃ
リャ

りゅ
リュ

りょ
リョ

や ヤ
ya
ら ラ
ra

わ ワ
wa

ゆ ユ
yu
り リ
ri

る ル
ru

を ヲ
wo

よ ヨ
yo
れ レ
re

ろ ロ
ro

ん ン
n

charismae/nihongo/2013
あ
ア

い
イ

う
ウ

え
エ

お
オ

か
カ

き
キ

く
ク

け
ケ

こ
コ

きゃ
キャ

きゅ
キュ

きょ
キョ

さ
サ

し
シ

す
ス

せ
セ

そ
ソ

しゃ
シャ

しゅ
シュ

しょ
ショ

た
タ

ち
チ

つ
ツ

て
テ

と
ト

ちゃ
チャ

ちゅ
チュ

ちょ
チョ

な
ナ

に
ニ

ぬ
ヌ

ね
ネ

の
ノ

にゃ
ニャ

にゅ
ニュ

にょ
ニョ

は
ハ

ひ
ヒ

ふ
フ

へ
ヘ

ほ
ホ

ひゃ
ヒャ

ひゅ
ヒュ

ひょ
ヒョ

ま
マ

み
ミ

む
ム

め
メ

も
モ

みゃ
ミャ

みゅ
ミュ

みょ
ミョ

りゃ
リャ

りゅ
リュ

りょ
リョ

や
ヤ
ら
ラ

わ
ワ

ゆ
ユ
り リ

る
ル

を
ヲ

よ
ヨ
れ
レ

ろ
ロ

ん
ン

charismae/nihongo/2013
Kana vs. Kanji
Kana are composed of
Hiragana and Katakana.
They represent SOUND.
Kanji are derived from
Chinese characters.
They represent MEANING.
charismae/nihongo/2013
Kanji
river

up

上

川

tree

木

down

下
“Yamashita”
mountain

山

山下
charismae/nihongo/2013
Grammatical Structure

I eat apples.
Subject-Verb-Object

Ako ay kumakain ng mansanas.
Subject-Verb-Object

Watashi wa ringo o tabemasu.
Subject-Object-Verb

charismae/nihongo/2013
Levels of Politeness
Honorific
Formal

Casual
Colloquial
charismae/nihongo/2013
Levels of Politeness
itadakimasu /
meshiagarimasu
tabemasu
taberu
kuu

charismae/nihongo/2013
Nihon
Nihongo
Nihonjin

Firipin
Firipingo
Firipinjin

charismae/nihongo/2013
Similarities and Differences

Nihongo

Firipingo

3 sets of characters
(Kana and Kanji)
consonant+vowel
(Mora*)

1 set of characters
(alpabeto)
consonant+vowel
(Pantig**)

S-O-V

S-V-O

polite language

polite language

*except ‘n’
**not limited to this pattern

charismae/nihongo/2013

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Japan: People, Language, and Culture