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Gene expression
- 1. “Orphan Experiences Lead to Changes in Children’s Genome Function” Yale School of Medicine Chavi & Elana Biology 3 Santa Monica College
- 2. Gene Expression The process of taking information contained in genes on the DNA and turning the information into proteins through transcription and translation. This process is used by all known living things.
- 3. Transcription & Translation DNA remains in the nucleus until it is expressed through the process of transcription and translation.
- 4. Nature vs. Nurture (It’s actually secretly genetics vs. epigenetics) GAME: LICK YOUR PUP!
- 5. Study Professors at Yale mapped the genomes of 28 children. Control Group: Experimental group: 14 children raised by their 14 orphans raised in an biological families institution
- 6. Study Purpose: To identify which biological processes are effected by lack of parental care. Results: Differences in DNA methylation which effects how genes are expressed including a number of important mechanisms in the development and function of the brain.
- 7. Conclusion Separation from a biological parent impacts long-term programming of genome function.
- 8. Relevance • Working with children/people • Understanding your own psychological baggage • Recognizing how intertwined environment and biology are • Hug your kids • More fodder for the nature vs. nurture debate
- 9. Critique The good The bad • Controlled for • Small sample size age and • Correlation not causation environment. • Difference might be due to being raised in an institution. An orphan in an adoptive home might not experience the same effects.
- 10. Bibliography • News article: http://news.yale.edu/2011/12/05/orphan- experiences-lead-changes-children-s-genome-functioning • Journal article: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPa ge=online&aid=8443830&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S09545794 11000605 • Epigenetics: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics • DNA Methylation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_methylation • Rat pups, licking game: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/rats/
- 11. We know your time is limited. There’s so much more to learn so just incase you’re interested in epeginetics Chavi’s twitter is @chavarisa. Please do not repress your scientific imagination. she’s available at all hours to answer questions. All questions. (of course as they relate to epigenetics and methylazation.