1. The British captured French and
Spanish
colonial possessions around the world

2. The British Navy
declined in the
years after the
Seven Years War .
France began to
rebuild its navy
immediately
after the war.

3. The American
colonies grew
and prospered
during the Seven
Years’ War.
13 Colonies 1763

4. This decree, passed
in 1763 to pay off
war debts built up
during the French
and Indian War,
taxed England’s
exports to the
colonies.
The Revenue Act
King George III

5. The Stamp Act of 1765
It required that every
paper document,
from legal documents,
newspapers, ships
papers, publications,
and even playing
cards, carry a stamp
on it to raise money
for the defense of the
colonies.

6. The Townshend Act
This act, passed in 1767, taxed paper,
lead, and tea.

7. British soldiers shot and killed several
people including Crispus Attucks. They
were the first casualties of the American
Revolution.
Boston Massacre
5 March 1770

8. Samuel Adams and
Bostonians, disguised
as Indians, dumped
British tea into the
harbor rather than
pay taxes on it.
Boston Tea Party - 1773
Samuel
Adams

9. The Coercive Acts
• Passed in retribution for the
Boston
Tea Party
• Closed the port of Boston
• Abolished the right of the people of
Massachusetts to select their own
council
• Restricted other civil liberties

10. WAR!
Lexington and Concord
April 1775

11. Massachusett
s
Concord
19 April 1775
Lexington
19 April 1775

12. Privateers
(licensed pirates)
Armed American merchant ships that
had helped the British win the French
and Indian War or Seven Years’ War

13. These ships carried coastal commerce,
attacked British supply boats, and kept
open the coastal lines of communication
on which so much of life in the colonies
depended.

14. The Coastal Cavalry

15. Congress was initially reluctant to
establish a Continental navy because
of the “coastal cavalry” force.

16. Congress bought, fitted out, and armed
the Andrew Doria and the Cabot to
intercept British supply ships.

17. Congress soon added
two larger ships, the
Alfred and the Columbus.
Alfred
Columbus

18. Privateers captured some 2,200
British vessels by war’s end, and
many
privateer captains would become

19. George Washington commissioned
seven ships to capture British
supplies,
and in 1775, his “navy” took muskets,

20. Birth of the Marine Corps
10 November 1775

21. Personnel Problems
In the early days of
war, men were eager
to serve.
As war continued,
it became difficult
to recruit because
of stricter discipline,
low pay, and rewards
obtained by
privateering.

22. Forcing men to serve in the Navy by taking
them on board ship against their will
Impressment

23. Finding men to serve in the Navy would
be a problem throughout the war, and
ships were often unable to go to sea
because they lacked crews.

24. First Continental naval squadron was
composed of six small schooners, brigs,
and sloops assembled at Philadelphia.
ESEK
HOPKINS

25. February 1776
Congress directs Hopkins
to neutralize loyalist craft
in the Virginia Capes.
ESEK
HOPKINS

26. Hopkins sailed to New Providence in the
Bahamas and overcame two British forts
and took more than eighty artillery pieces,
powder, and naval stores.
ESEK
HOPKINS

27. The Nassau expedition turned out to be
the last time American ships would put
to sea as a squadron during the war.

28. In a single month, August 1776, Jones
captured sixteen enemy vessels and
destroyed many others.
John Paul
Jones

29. John Paul Jones would become
legendary among early American
naval leaders.

30. American
invasion
of Canada
in 1775 by
Generals
Montgomery
and Arnold
General
Richard Montgomery
General
Benedict Arnold
Montgomery/Arnold
Arnold
(1,100)
(1,200)
Montgomery
(1,500)
Carleton
Quebec
Maine
Fort Ticonderoga
Boston
Battle of Lake
Champlain
Stopped the British
advance, and allowed
the colonist to train
their troops

31. When British reinforcements arrived,
the American patriots retreated toward
the colonies.
General Sir
Guy Carleton
General
John Burgoyne

32. By December 1776, the American forces
were reduced to only about 2,000 men
due to:
• Casualties and
desertion
• End of
enlistments
• Men going home
to take care of
families for the
winter

33. Washington crossed the Delaware on
Christmas Eve and surprised the
enemy

34. After the victory at
Trenton, Washington
surprised the British
again, this time at
Princeton, for another
victory.
Princeton
Trenton
Pennsylvania
New
York

35. • Washington
wintered at
Morristown, N.J.
• British wintered
at New York, N.Y.

36. The Americans
had saved the
capital at
Philadelphia,
but more
important, the
tide was turning
in favor of the
Americans.

37. Planned
3-Pronged
British Attack
The Burgoyne
Expedition to
Saratoga, 1777

38. Planned 3-Pronged British Attack
• General Burgoyne marches south from
Montreal with 8,000 men to the Hudson
Valley.
• An army of pro-British Tories and
Indians march east from Lake Ontario.
• General Howe marches north from
New York.

39. The Burgoyne
Expedition to
Saratoga, 1777
The three forces
were to meet in
Albany, New York,
splitting the
colonies in half.

40. British Campaigns - Summer 1777
Stanwix

41. General Burgoyne captured Fort
Ticonderoga in early July. In late
August, the Patriot militia beat the
Tories and Indians near Fort Stanwix.

42. General Howe’s
Fatal Decision
Howe decided to
take Philadelphia
en route to
meeting
General Burgoyne
in Albany, NY.

43. The Americans were no match for the
superior British forces, and after a two-
day battle on 10 and 11 September, 1777,
the British marched into Philadelphia as
the Continental Congress fled.
Valley Forge

44. Howe quartered his army in
Philadelphia
for the winter, while Washington’s men
faced cold and hunger at Valley Forge.

45. By not following
the British plan,
Howe contributed
to the eventual
defeat of the
British in the
Colonies.

46. By the summer of
1777, Burgoyne’s
forces were in
trouble.
General
Burgoyne

47. Battle
of
Saratoga
New York
Saratoga

48. On 19 September,
Burgoyne marched
his men, European
style, through an
open field to break
through the
American lines near
Saratoga, NY.

49. The British made easy targets for
American sharpshooters, who were
firing from behind trees.

50. On 7 October,
Burgoyne led his
trapped Redcoats
in a final attempt
to break through
American lines.

51. Daniel Morgan’s riflemen mowed down the
British, and Benedict Arnold led a charge.
Daniel Morgan Benedict Arnold

52. General Burgoyne surrendered
at Saratoga, 1777.
The Turning Point
The Battle of
Saratoga

53. Significance of the
Battle of Saratoga
• The British government was less
willing to carry on the war.
• France, and later Spain and the
Netherlands, came into the war as
colonial allies.

54. Treaty of Friendship with France
1778
Benjamin Franklin

55. American naval efforts in the war were
mostly just a nuisance to Britain and
did not affect the outcome of the war.

56. • Hurt British trade in the West
• Delayed troop reinforcements
• Captured needed arms and
Role of the Privateers

57. Washington was right. Naval power would
decide the outcome of the war, but in the end,
it was French, not American, naval power that
made the difference.

58. Most Famous Officer
of the Continental Navy
John Paul
Jones

59. The Ranger

60. John Paul Jones renamed the East
Indiaman the Bonhomme Richard
in honor of Benjamin Franklin, who
had written Poor Richard’s Almanac.
John Paul
Jones
Bonhomme Richard

61. Bonhomme
Richard
vs.
HMS Serapis
As the Bonhomme Richard slowly
began to sink, John Paul Jones was
asked if he was ready to strike.
He replied with the immortal words,
“I have not yet begun to fight!”

62. • Maintain the defensive in the
northern colonies.
• Mount an offensive in the
southern colonies.
• Take the war to the West Indies.
British Strategy in 1778

63. Sir Henry Clinton commanded British
forces in the colonies. He abandoned
Philadelphia to reinforce New York City.

64. Confident that Washington's troops
were
not a threat to New York City, Clinton set
sail for Charleston, South Carolina, and
surrounded the American forces.
Charleston

65. General
Marquis de Lafayette
General Marquis
de Lafayette
sent word to
Washington
of Cornwallis’
entrenchment at
Yorktown, on the
Chesapeake Bay.

66. They commanded 5,000 militia in the
area
and kept Cornwallis under observation.
General
Lafayette
General “Mad”
Anthony Wayne

67. Generals Rochambeau
and Washington
agreed to battle
General Clinton’s
superior troops in
New York even
though French
reinforcements did
not arrive in May,
1781.
General
Comte de Rochambeau

68. General Washington
wrote the French
minister asking that
Admiral de Grasse
come north from
the West Indies to
help in the New York
operation.
Admiral de Grasse

69. Admiral de Grasse
drove the British fleet
from Chesapeake Bay
In September, 1781.
This action
significantly
contributed to
Cornwallis’ defeat at
Yorktown.Admiral de Grasse
August 14, 1781

70. General Washington’s 4,500 Americans,
with 5,500 French troops, marched from
New York to Yorktown to battle British

71. American forces
converging on
Yorktown

72. Battle Plans
for Yorktown

73. On 9 October 1781, 20,000 American
and French troops attacked the British
at Yorktown.

74. General Cornwallis surrendered his
army of 7,600 men on 19 October

75. England, tired of
war, now faced
the powerful
combined forces
of France, Spain,
and Holland in
Europe.
Holland
England
France
Spain

76. The American Peace Delegation
• Benjamin Franklin
• John Jay
• John Adams

77. Delegation
A group of people
chosen to represent
a political entity such
as a country or state

78. Treaty of Paris
3 September 1783