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Alziemer’s Disease & Dementia
Presented by
Jessica Faye Manansala
Alzheimer’s disease
   Alzhiemer’s disease or senile dementia of the
    alzheimer’s type
   Is a chronic, progressive, and degenerative
    brain disorder accompanied by profound
    effects on memory, cognition, and ability for
    self care
   About 10% of the population are older than
    65 are affected.
   Alzheimer is one of the most fear in modern
    times.
   The most common form of dementia
pathophysiology
 Change occur in the protein of the nerve
  cell s of the cerebral cortex and lead to
  accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles
  and neuritic plaques (deposits of protein
  and altered cell structures on the
  interneuronal junctions) and
  granulovascular degeneration.
 Cause is unknown, but genetics and female
  gender are rare risk factor
Alziemer’s disease & dementia
Clinical manifestation
   Short term memory (early stage)
   Language disturbanve (word finding difficulty)
   Visual processing difficulty
   Inability to perform skilled motor activities
   Poor abstract reasoning and concentration
   Personality change (irritability and
    suspiciousness and disorienttation to time and
    space
   Difficulty planning meals
   Driving without getting loss
Middle stage clinical manifestations
 Repetitive action
 Nocturnal restlessness
 Apraxia (impaired ability to perform
  purposeful activity)
 Aphasia (inability to speak)
 Agraphia (inability to write)
Late stage
 Loss of social inhibitions and loss of
  spontaneity
 Delusion
 Hallucination
 Wandering behavior
Complication
 Injury due to lack of insight, hallucinations
  and confusion
 Malnutrition due to inattention to
  mealtime and hunger or lack of the ability
  to prepare meal
Diagnostic evaluation
 Noncontrast computed tomography (CT)
  - to rule out other neurologic condition
 MRI
 Neuropsychological test – include some
  mental status assessment
Managemet
   Cholinestrase inhibitor are only treatmemt for
    cognitive impairment of AD. tacrine(cognex)
    and donepzil (aricept)
   Behavioral disturbance may requires
    antipsychotic such as clozapine
    (clozaril), risperidone (risperdal)
   Olanzapine (zyprexia)
   Nonpharmacologic treatment
-   Orientation and memory retaining
-   Reminiscence therpy
Dementia
 Primary dementia – degenerative
  disorders that are progressive, irreversible
  and not due to other condition
Signs
• Relying on memory helpers
• Trouble finding words
• Struggling to complete familiar actions
• Confusion about time, place or people
• Misplacing familiar objects
•   Onset of new depression or irritability
•   Making bad decisions
•   Personality changes
•   Loss of interest in important
    responsibilities
•   Seeing or hearing things
•   Expressing false beliefs
Other forms of Dementia
 Creuzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
 Dementia with Lewy Bodies
 Frontotemporal Dementia
 Huntington’s Disease
 Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
 Parkinson’s Dementia
 Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
THANK YOU 

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Alziemer’s disease & dementia

  • 1. Alziemer’s Disease & Dementia Presented by Jessica Faye Manansala
  • 2. Alzheimer’s disease  Alzhiemer’s disease or senile dementia of the alzheimer’s type  Is a chronic, progressive, and degenerative brain disorder accompanied by profound effects on memory, cognition, and ability for self care  About 10% of the population are older than 65 are affected.  Alzheimer is one of the most fear in modern times.  The most common form of dementia
  • 3. pathophysiology  Change occur in the protein of the nerve cell s of the cerebral cortex and lead to accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques (deposits of protein and altered cell structures on the interneuronal junctions) and granulovascular degeneration.  Cause is unknown, but genetics and female gender are rare risk factor
  • 5. Clinical manifestation  Short term memory (early stage)  Language disturbanve (word finding difficulty)  Visual processing difficulty  Inability to perform skilled motor activities  Poor abstract reasoning and concentration  Personality change (irritability and suspiciousness and disorienttation to time and space  Difficulty planning meals  Driving without getting loss
  • 6. Middle stage clinical manifestations  Repetitive action  Nocturnal restlessness  Apraxia (impaired ability to perform purposeful activity)  Aphasia (inability to speak)  Agraphia (inability to write)
  • 7. Late stage  Loss of social inhibitions and loss of spontaneity  Delusion  Hallucination  Wandering behavior
  • 8. Complication  Injury due to lack of insight, hallucinations and confusion  Malnutrition due to inattention to mealtime and hunger or lack of the ability to prepare meal
  • 9. Diagnostic evaluation  Noncontrast computed tomography (CT) - to rule out other neurologic condition  MRI  Neuropsychological test – include some mental status assessment
  • 10. Managemet  Cholinestrase inhibitor are only treatmemt for cognitive impairment of AD. tacrine(cognex) and donepzil (aricept)  Behavioral disturbance may requires antipsychotic such as clozapine (clozaril), risperidone (risperdal)  Olanzapine (zyprexia)  Nonpharmacologic treatment - Orientation and memory retaining - Reminiscence therpy
  • 11. Dementia  Primary dementia – degenerative disorders that are progressive, irreversible and not due to other condition Signs • Relying on memory helpers • Trouble finding words • Struggling to complete familiar actions • Confusion about time, place or people • Misplacing familiar objects
  • 12. Onset of new depression or irritability • Making bad decisions • Personality changes • Loss of interest in important responsibilities • Seeing or hearing things • Expressing false beliefs
  • 13. Other forms of Dementia  Creuzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)  Dementia with Lewy Bodies  Frontotemporal Dementia  Huntington’s Disease  Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus  Parkinson’s Dementia  Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome