Physics 1 a midterm remediation tutorial2

PHYSICS 1A MIDTERM REMEDIATION
TUTORIAL

WHY REMEDIATE?
• You must pass the midterm exam in order to work on the module based lessons after the
Holiday Break.
• This tutorial should prepare you to retake the midterm in order to pass it
• YOU are responsible to understanding the material, so take your time going through the
tutorial
• If you understand a concept, don’t spend a lot of time watching videos that you already
understand!

FORMAT
• Each sections will give you the following:
1. A list of things your are expected to be able to do
2. A list of vocabulary words you need to make flashcards for and commit to memory
3. A list of activities for you to re-learn the content
4. A list of practice ―test type‖ questions that you should be able to answer correctly
before moving on.

SECTION 1- BASIC TOOLS
You should be able to:
Define hypothesis as a prediction which can be tested.
Write a hypothesis as an if/then statement which can be tested.
Identify the parts of an experiment or design an experiment to test a specific hypothesis.
Convert from one basic unit to another using dimensional analysis.

Make flashcards with the following definitions and memorize them:
Hypothesis- a testable prediction
Independent Variable- the variable that is being tested
Dependent Variable- the variable that changes due to the independent variable
Control- the trial used for comparison
Constant- things that don’t change in an experiment

BASIC TOOLS ACTIVITIES-PAGE 1
• Read pages 2-4 in your book- this describes the
scientific methods and hypotheses.
• On page 4 there is a blue box with a question. Answer
that question, and check to make sure you chose the
correct answer.

BASIC TOOLS ACTIVITIES-PAGE 2
• One page 4, the correct answer to the question is letter
A. This is the only option which is TESTABLE.

BASIC TOOLS ACTIVITIES- PAGE 3
• Go to
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6Vmk5dMdM8, and
watch the video on writing a hypothesis.

• Case Study 1-
• Larry is trying to determine if using a larger concentration of fertilizer on his grass will
make the grass grow faster. He lines off five sections of his yard and uses different
concentration of fertilizer on each section. He uses a concentration of 44 gpL (grams per
liter) on section 1, a concentration of 87 gpL on section 2, a concentration of 121 gpL on
section 3 and a concentration of 189 gpL on section 4. He leaves section 5 alone with no
fertilizer. He finds that section 1 grows at a rate of .27 inches/day, section 2 grows at .35
inches/day, section 3 grows .29 inches/day and section 4 completely dies.
• What do you think Larry’s hypothesis was?
• What should Larry’s conclusion be?
• What was Larry’s independent variable?
• What was Larry’s dependent variable?
• What was Larry’s control?
• List at least 8 things that Larry should have kept constant?

BASIC TOOLS ACTIVITIES- PAGE 5 (ANSWERS)
• Case Study 1-
• Larry is trying to determine if using a larger concentration of fertilizer on his grass will make the grass
grow faster. He lines off five sections of his yard and uses different concentration of fertilizer on each
section. He uses a concentration of 44 gpL (grams per liter) on section 1, a concentration of 87 gpL
on section 2, a concentration of 121 gpL on section 3 and a concentration of 189 gpL on section 4.
He leaves section 5 alone with no fertilizer. He finds that section 1 grows at a rate of .27 inches/day,
section 2 grows at .35 inches/day, section 3 grows .29 inches/day and section 4 completely dies.
• What do you think Larry’s hypothesis was? If I use a larger concentration of fertilizer my grass
will grow faster
• What should Larry’s conclusion be? Increased concentration does not make the grass grow
faster
• What was Larry’s independent variable? Concentration of fertilizer
• What was Larry’s dependent variable? Rate of grass growth
• What was Larry’s control? Section 5- no fertlilizer
• List at least 8 things that Larry should have kept constant? Type of grass, location, temperature,
type of fertilizer, soil type, measuring device, amount of water, measurement time

• Go to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tK2mBsSb3uw
and watch the video on parts of an experiment.
• Go to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKCZn5MLKvk
and review unit conversions.

BASIC TOOLS- PRACTICE QUESTIONS
• To test a scientific hypothesis you would
• a. use the results of only the experiments that confirm the hypothesis.
• b. set up an experiment and look at the results.
• c. find the best result and report only that result.
• d. set up many experiments and look at the results.
• e. perform any physics experiment and look at the results.

ANSWER
• The answer to the previous question was ―d‖. Can you
explain why?

BASIC TOOLS- PRACTICE QUESTION 2
An athlete is trying to improve their time in the mile run by increasing their intake of water.
They make the hypothesis that as they increase the amount of water they drink within 1 hour
of race time, they will run better. On six days in a row, they run a timed mile run. Day 1, they
drink no water before the race. They drink 4 ounces on day 2, 8 ounces on day 3, 12 ounces
on day 4, 16 ounces on day 5 and 20 ounces on day 6.
a.) Identify the independent variable-
b.) Idenitify the dependent variable-
c.) Idenitfy the control-
d.) Name three things that should be kept constant that are not identified in the description of
the experiment.

ANSWERS
An athlete is trying to improve their time in the mile run by increasing their intake of water.
They make the hypothesis that as they increase the amount of water they drink within 1 hour
of race time, they will run better. On six days in a row, they run a timed mile run. Day 1, they
drink no water before the race. They drink 4 ounces on day 2, 8 ounces on day 3, 12 ounces
on day 4, 16 ounces on day 5 and 20 ounces on day 6.
a.) Identify the independent variable- Amount of water intake
b.) Idenitify the dependent variable- mile time
c.) Idenitfy the control- trial with no water
d.) Name three things that should be kept constant that are not identified in the description of
the experiment. Shoes, running track, time of day

BASIC TOOLS-PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Convert the following units:
144 inches to feet
45 pounds to kg
150 minutes to hours

ANSWERS
Convert the following units:
144 inches to feet 12 feet
45 pounds to kg 20.5 kg
150 minutes to hours 2.5 hour

SECTION 2- KINEMATICS
Differentiate between speed and velocity.
Define speed as a distance over time.
Calculate speed using the equation v=x/t.
Identify the correct units for speed, velocity, position and acceleration
Define acceleration and identify the conditions in which an object is accelerating.
Explain that an object in free fall is accelerating at a rate of 9.8 m/s 2 regardless of mass.
Calculate acceleration using the equation a=v2-v`1/t

Speed- rate of distance traveled (distance over time)
Velocity- change in position over time (speed with direction)
Acceleration- change in velocity over time
Free Fall- falling with the only acting force being gravity

KINEMATICS ACTIVITIES- PAGE 1
• Read pages 47-58 in your book. Focus on the vocabulary
words given above, and try to answer any questions they ask in
the book (blue boxes on pages 47, 49, 51, 52 and 53).
• Go to
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/1DKin/U1L1a.cfm, and
follow the tutorial on 1 dimensional kinematics. This will explain
the concepts required in this unit. Be sure to try the practice
problems for each section.
• Go to
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/mechanics/v/calc
ulating-average-velocity-or-speed and view the video on
calculating speed.

KINEMATICS- PRACTICE PROBLEMS
One possible unit of speed is
a. miles per hour.
b. light years per century.
c. kilometers per hour.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.

ANSWER
• The answer is ―d‖. Speed must be some unit of distance over some unit of
time, and all of the options are in this format.

Acceleration is defined as the CHANGE in
a. time it takes to move from one place to another place.
b. velocity of an object.
c. distance divided by the time interval.
d. velocity divided by the time interval.
e. time it takes to move from one speed to another speed.

ANSWER
• The answer is ―d‖, acceleration is change in velocity
divided by the time interval. What can happen for an
object to accelerate?

Suppose you are in a car that is going around a curve. The speedometer reads a constant 30
miles per hour. Which of the following is NOT true?
a. You and the car are accelerating.
b. Your acceleration is constantly changing.
c. Your velocity is constant.
d. Your direction is constantly changing.
e. Your speed is constant.

ANSWER
• The answer is ―c‖. Can you explain why? If not, see
Mr. White.

In the absence of air resistance, objects fall at constant
a. speed.
b. velocity.
c. acceleration.
d. distances each successive second.
e. all of the above

ANSWER
• The correct answer is ―C‖.

If you drop a feather and a coin at the same time in a tube filled with air, which will reach the
bottom of the tube first?
a. The feather
b. Neither—they will both reach the bottom at the same time.
c. The coin

SECTION 3- FORCES
Define net force and calculate the net force acting on an object using given forces.
Draw a free body diagram for an object or fill in missing forces based on a given net force.
Explain the difference between balanced and unbalanced forces.
Identify equilibrium as another way of saying balanced force.

Force- push or a pull one object exerts on another
Net Force- The sum of all forces acting on an object
Balanced Forces- the sum of all forces is zero, there is no acceleration
Unbalanced Forces- the sum of all forces is not zero, there IS an acceleration

FORCES ACTIVITIES
• 1. Read pages 13-17 in your book. Try to answer all blue box
questions.
2. Go to
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/newtlaws/u2l2a.cfm,
and work through the four tutorial sections. Be sure to try all
practice problems and check your answers.
3. Go to
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/mechanics/v/bala
nced-and-unbalanced-forces and view the video on balanced
and unbalanced forces.
4. Go to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=93ZLqsDFBo4 and
view the video on drawing a free body diagram.

FORCES PRACTICE PROBLEMS
A 7-N force and a 12-N force act on an object in opposite directions. What is the net force on
the object?
a. 5N
b. 7N
c. 12 N
d. 19 N
e. none of the above

ANSWER
• The answer should be 5N. Why?

PRACTICE PROBLEMS
Equilibrium occurs when
a. all the forces acting on an object are balanced.
b. the sum of the +x forces on an object equals the sum of the –x forces.
c. the net force on the object is zero.
d. the sum of the upward forces equals the sum of the downward forces.
e. all of the above

PRACTICE PROBLEMS
• Draw a free body diagram indicating a force of 25 N to the right, 35 N up, and
unknown forces to the left and down.
• If the net force on the object is 10N leftward, what should the unknown forces
be?

ANSWER
• Left 35 N
• Down  35 N

PRACTICE PROBLEMS
• Draw a free body diagram indicating a force of 750 N to the right, 350 N up, and
unknown forces to the left and down.
• If the net force on the object is 250 N downward, what should the unknown forces
be?

ANSWER
• Left 750 N
• Down  600 N

SECTION 3- NEWTON’S LAWS
Define inertia as resistance to change in motion.
Use the Law of Inertia to describe what happens to an object when the net force is zero.
Explain the difference between mass and weight.
Use Newton’s Second Law to explain how net force affects acceleration.
Use Newton’s Second Law to explain how mass affects acceleration.
Use the equation Fnet = ma to calculate net force or acceleration.
Use Newton’s Third Law to identify action-reaction pairs.
Use Newton’s Third Law to explain that action-reaction pairs are equal in size and opposite in
direction.

Inertia- resistance to change in motion

NEWTON ACTIVITIES- PAGE 1
1. Read pages 33-39 in your book. Try to answer all blue box questions.
2. Go to http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/newtlaws/u2l1a.cfm and go
through the 4 tutorial sections on Newton’s First Law. Be sure to try all practice
problems and check answers.
3. Go to https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/mechanics/v/newton-s-
1st-law-of-motion and view the video on Newton’s First law. Go to
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/mechanics/v/newton-s-first-law-
of-motion and view this video as well.
4. Go to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwkUNrSCNMg (part 1) and
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hyw9uNF4nmE (part 2) and view the
demonstrations of inertia.

NEWTON ACTIVITIES- PAGE 2
• 5. Read pages 87-89 in your book and try all blue box questions.
6. Go to http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/newtlaws/u2l3a.cfm and
complete the first 3 sections of the tutorial ONLY. Try all practice problems
and check answers.
7. Go to https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/mechanics/v/newton-
s-second-law-of-motion and view the video on the Second Law.
8. Read pages 107-111 in your book and complete all blue box questions.
9. Go to http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/newtlaws/u2l4a.cfm and
complete the two tutorials for the Third Law.

PRACTICE PROBLEMS
After a cannonball is fired into frictionless space, the amount of force needed to keep it going
equals
a. zero, since no force is necessary to keep it moving.
b. twice the force with which it was fired.
c. one half the force with which it was fired.
d. the same amount of force with which it was fired.
e. one quarter the force with which it was fired.

PRACTICE PROBLEMS
The law of inertia applies to
a. objects at rest.
b. moving objects.
c. both moving and nonmoving objects.

PRACTICE PROBLEMS
An object following a straight-line path at constant speed
a. has no forces acting on it.
b. has a net force acting on it in the direction of motion.
c. has zero acceleration.
d. must be moving in a vacuum.

PRACTICE PROBLEMS
You would have the largest mass of gold if your chunk of gold weighed 1 N on
a. Earth.
b. Jupiter.
c. the moon.

PRACTICE PROBLEMS
The acceleration produced by a net force on an object is
a. inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
b. directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force.
c. in the same direction as the net force.
d. all of the above

PRACTICE PROBLEMS
If the force acting on a cart doubles, what happens to the cart's acceleration?
a. It quarters.
b. It halves.
c. It stays the same.
d. It doubles.
e. It quadruples.

PRACTICE PROBLEMS
An archer shoots an arrow. Consider the action force to be the bowstring against the arrow.
The reaction to this force is the
a. arrow's push against the bowstring.
b. weight of the arrow.
c. friction of the ground against the archer's feet.
d. air resistance against the bow.
e. grip of the archer's hand on the bow.

PROJECTILES-SECTION 5
Explain the difference between a vector and scalar quantity.
Add vectors in one dimension and perpendicular vectors using Pythagorean theorem.
Define projectile and identify the range, launch angle, hang time and initial speed.
Explain that horizontal component of velocity in a projectile does not accelerate.
Explain that the vertical component of velocity in a projectile accelerates downward at 9.8
m/s2.
Identify the angle of maximum range for a projectile.

Projectile- anything thrown or shot in the air
Range- Distance traveled in a horizontal direction
Launch angle- the angle at which the projectile is launched

PROJECTILES- ACTIVITIES
1. Read pages 69-79 in your book and complete all blue
box questions and check answers.
2. Complete the FIRST FIVE tutorials at
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/vectors/u3l2a.cf
m. Try all practice problems.

PRACTICE PROBLEMS
The horizontal component of a projectile's velocity is independent of
a. the range of the projectile.
b. time.
c. the vertical component of its velocity.

PRACTICE PROBLEMS
In the absence of air resistance, the angle at which a thrown ball will go the farthest is
a. 15 degrees.
b. 30 degrees.
c. 45 degrees.
d. 60 degrees.
e. 75 degrees.

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