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Classic Design and Web Design
What we‟ve learned and can apply from a history of design


Chris Bernard,
User Experience Evangelist, Microsoft
chris.bernard@microsoft.com
www.designthinkingdigest.com


All images in this presentation are used for educational purposes only
Saul Bass                                         Walter Gropius
                               Jay Doblin
                                               Piet Mondrian


Laszlo
Moholy-Nage




          Hannes
          Meyer
                          Charles and Ray
                          Eames             Ludwig              Paul Rand
                                            Mies van der Rohe
What would I tell these guys?
Design is back baby! Yeah!
…the World Wide Web
Bill Moggridge                                             Jesse James Garrett
                             Liz Danzico
                                           Valerie Casey




John Maeda       Irene Au
                            Dan Saffer                      Bill Buxton




                                                            Julie Larson-Green
But…
Concept: Courtesy of Jon Harris, a Microsoft buddy
Concept: Courtesy of Jon Harris, a Microsoft buddy
Concept: Courtesy of Jon Harris, a Microsoft buddy
Concept: Courtesy of Jon Harris, a Microsoft buddy
Concept: Courtesy of Jon Harris, a Microsoft buddy
Concept: Courtesy of Jon Harris, a Microsoft buddy
Concept: Courtesy of Jon Harris, a Microsoft buddy
…and
There has clearly been a steady decline in the
        design profession for over 30 years, and the
        source of that decline is the profession‟s
        intractable stasis.

        We are unchanged professionals in a changing
        professional climate, clutching at old idols,
        while failing to create new offerings, failing to
        reinvent and reinvigorate the practice when
        needed, failing to inculcate a professional
        culture that is accessible and fair.

Source: Communication Arts, 2003
                                              Clement Mok
But it can‟t all be that bad?
Let‟s also not forget about
        technology.
What‟s important about what these
           guys did?
What didn‟t they do that we should
                do?
How can we apply this?
What might happen next?
What can we learn from classic
    design movements?
Graphic Design
Photography/Film/Motion                                                       Illustration




                            Symbolism                                                        Typography




Source: Photography, Chris Bernard. Illustration, Rachel Pluto, Typography. Chris Bernard. Typography, Chris Bernard. Symbolism, Paul Rand.
Photography/Film/Motion                                                       Illustration

                 Saul Bass                                                         Mark English
                 Jay Maisel                                                        Milton Glaser
                 Lou Dorfsman                                                      Don Weller
                 Morton Godshall                                                   Bernie Fuchs
                 Art Kane                                                          Heather Cooper
                                                                                   Gene Hoffman



                            Symbolism                                                        Typography

                Paul Rand                                                         Bill Bonnell
                Rod Dyer                                                          Herb Lubalin
                Joe Selame                                                        Tom Carnase
                Harry Murphy                                                      Ben Rosen
                Primo Angeli                                                      W. Weingart
                Tom Geismar                                                       Mo Lebowitz



Source: Photography, Chris Bernard. Illustration, Rachel Pluto, Typography. Chris Bernard. Typography, Chris Bernard. Symbolism, Paul Rand.
Roots

  1900 1910 1920 1930             1940 1950     1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010



    Art Nouveau                                               Psychedelic


         Cubism                         Abstract Expressionism



         Futurism                                             Super
                                                              Realism

             Dada          Surrealism               Pop Art



             De Stijl                                     Op Art


                  Constructivis                     Minimalism
                  m

                     Bauhaus                                  Computer


                      Art Deco                                Funk
Most early moments were born of styles and individuals
               that derived from painting or architecture


                                                         Futurism
                             Cubism
                                                                                      Dada
                                                                                                Art Deco
 Art Nouveau




Source: Wikipedia Commons, Creative Commons, GNU Free Documentation License or Public Domain.
Psychedelic and pop art often leveraged existing influences
              in packaging, billboards and images.
                                                                                                           Pop Art
       Psychedelic




Source: Wikipedia Commons, Creative Commons, GNU Free Documentation License, Public Domain, or Fair Use.
Science and the quest for photorealism drive computer
         influenced art and borrow from the super realism movement



       Computer                                                                                   Super
                                                                                                  Realism

                                           Computer




Source: Wikipedia Commons, Creative Commons, GNU Free Documentation License, Public Domain, or Fair Use.
We see representations of these styles in
              much digital work we see today.
       MIX conference theme design               Halo 3




Source: Microsoft.
Roots
          1900 1910 1920 1930              1940 1950     1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010



             Art Nouveau                                               Psychedelic


                    Cubism                       Abstract Expressionism



                    Futurism                                           Super
                                                                       Realism

                         Dada       Surrealism               Pop Art


                         De Stijl                                  Op Art


                           Constructivis                     Minimalism
                           m

                                Bauhaus                                Computer


                                Art Deco                               Funk

Source: Gregg Berryman
Roots
          1900 1910 1920 1930              1940 1950     1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010



             Art Nouveau                                               Psychedelic


                    Cubism                       Abstract Expressionism



                    Futurism                                           Super
                                                                       Realism

                         Dada       Surrealism               Pop Art


                         De Stijl                                  Op Art


                           Constructivis                     Minimalism
                           m

                                Bauhaus                                Computer


                                Art Deco                               Funk

Source: Gregg Berryman
Surrealism, De Stijl, Constructivism

   Surrealism                                                                                              Constructivis
                                              De Stijl
                                                                                                           m




Source: Wikipedia Commons, Creative Commons, GNU Free Documentation License, Public Domain, or Fair Use.
Influences
Bauhaus
Wait!
These guys.




Walter Gropius     Hannes Meyer   Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
…and these guys too.




László Moholy-Nagy   Jay Doblin
These guys all shaped modern design as we know it and
                   practice it today.
Why is the Bauhaus movement so
important to us as Web designers
         and developers?
Bauhaus was the first movement to
 truly focus on design as craft that
 could be delivered via repeatable
             processes.
The Bauhaus movement recognized the
  creative relationships between art and
                 technology.

It extended Constructivist and De Stijl ideas
   into all aspects of visual communication.
                   Including…
Architecture
Product design
Fine arts
Craft
Theatre
Photography
Graphic design
Bauhaus Principles
“…to create a new guild of
craftsmen, without the
class distinctions which
raise an arrogant barrier
between craftsman and
artist.”

                Walter Gropius
“The complete building is
the ultimate aim of all the
visual arts.”




                 Walter Gropius
Precedents
• Functional architecture and consumer good that are
  functional, cheap and consistent with mass production.


• Reunite art with craft to develop high-end and function
  products with artistic pretensions.


• Artists trained to work with „industry‟ and learn skills in
  illustration (painting), photography, textiles, typography,
  sculpture, architecture.
These guys…




László Moholy-Nagy   Jay Doblin
…linked the Bauhaus to design as we
         know it today by…
• Bringing the Bauhaus school to the United States in
  1939 (Moholy-Nagy)


• Bring the principals of the Bauhaus to the Harvard
  School of Design (Gropius)


• Formalizing the techniques, practices and application
  of design to industry (Doblin)
There are three things we can take
from these movements and apply to
   our jobs as Web designers and
             developers.
Gestalt
Gestalt: Emergence




Source: Wikipedia
Gestalt: Emergence




Source: Chris Bernard
Gestalt: Reification




Source: Wikipedia
Gestalt: Reification




Source: Wikipedia
Gestalt: Multistability (Multistable Perception)




Source: Wikipedia
Gestalt: Invariance




Source: Wikipedia
Gestalt: Invariance




Source: Wikipedia
Gestalt: Invariance




Source: Wikipedia
Gestalt: Invariance




Source: Wikipedia
Gestalt: Invariance




Source: Wikipedia
Prägnanz




Source: Wikipedia
Gestalt




Source: Wikipedia
Gestalt




Source: Wikipedia
Gestault




Source: Wikipedia
Gestault




Source: Wikipedia
Grid
Grid




Source: Gregg Berryman
Process
Process




Source: Charles and Ray Eames
Process




Source: Gregg Berryman
Process




Source: Gregg Berryman
Process




Source: Gregg Berryman
Process




Source: Gregg Berryman
Process




Source: Gregg Berryman
Process




Source: Gregg Berryman
Source: Hasso Plattner Institute of Design
Source: Chris Bernard
Source: Chris Bernard
What‟s missing?
Contextual Research & Ethnography for creators and
                       consumers




Source: Institute of Design
Cross-Disciplinary Team Collaboration




Source: International Design Magazine
People Collaboration: Pro Mashups
People Collaboration: Consumer Mashups




Source: FreakingNews.com
People Collaboration
People Collaboration
What about diversity?
What about accessibility?
What about sustainability?
How can we apply what Bauhaus
          gave us?
Grid




Source: Chris Bernard
Process




Source: Chris Bernard
Process
Source: Jesse James Garrett
Caves/Environment
Source: Microsoft
Source: Microsoft
What‟s next?
Web 2.0
Web 2
+ Standards!

        Platforms




Craft                           Experience




         Tools




                                         Source: Microsoft
Gadgets: Consumer




Examples:   ITN News, EasyJet, Manchester United FC, Betfair, Arsenal.com, BBC Radio.
            More available from http://gallery.live.com/
                                                                                        Source: Microsoft
Gadgets: Business




Examples:   News/information feeds, Data analysis/reporting, Alerts, Intranet/Extranet tools

                                                                                               Source: Microsoft
New web experiences
Photosynth        Virtual Earth




                                  Source: Microsoft
New media experiences




                        Source: Microsoft
New customer experiences

Surface




                            Source: Microsoft
Rich experiences optimized for platform: Consumer




Rich, immersive web experiences   Online shopping




       Kiosk applications         Content distribution   Source: Microsoft
Rich experiences optimized for platform: Business




      Data dashboards               Visualisation




Custom tools/management apps     Real-time reporting   Source: Microsoft
RIAs and platform/device
  optimized experiences will
 extend the reach of browser-
based applications and services
Source: Frank Ramirez, Ramirez Design and Luke Wroblewski, LukeW Interface Designs, with minor technology updates by Chris Bernard
Summary Thoughts
Nathan Myhrvold's 1st law of software
                                     “Software is a gas”




Source: www.istockphoto.com
Chris Bernard‟s1st law of user experience
                                    “User experience is liquid”




Source: www.istockphoto.com
Paul Rand
“If a user experience can be refined, without disturbing it's image, it seems reasonable to do
 so. A user experience, after all, is an instrument of pride and should be shown at its best.quot;

 Here is what a user experience is and does;

 • A user experience is a flag, a signature, an escutcheon.

 • A user experience doesn't sell (directly), it identifies.

 • A user experience is rarely a description of a business.

 • A user experience derives its meaning from the quality of the thing it symbolizes, not the
 other way around.

 A well designed user experience, in the end, is a reflection of the business it symbolizes. It
 connotes a thoughtful and purposeful enterprise, and mirrors the quality of its products or
 services. it is good public relations - a harbinger of goodwill. It says, 'We care.'

 A user experience is less important than the product it signifies; what it means is more
 important than what it looks like.”

                                                                                       Paul Rand
Source: Paul Rand, Some thoughts…and some logos.
All this has happened before, all
                  this will happen again.




Source: With apologies for cribbing from Battlestar Galactica and being a dork.
Thanks!
Chris Bernard
User Experience Evangelist
chris.bernard@microsoft.com
312.925.4095
www.designthinkingdigest.com
Look for me on Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn.

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Classic Design And Web Design by Chris Bernard