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Department for
   Continuing Education




                                 Music and Art
                                     Marilou Polymeropoulou
                             marilou.polymeropoulou@music.ox.ac.uk

                                       Week 6 21/2/12
                                       Popular Culture

                         http://musicandartoxford.wordpress.com/
Saturday, 25 February 2012
Previously

                    • Definitions of art and music
                    • Aesthetic theories
                    • Impressionism, symbolism
                    • Avant-garde, expressionism, futurism

Saturday, 25 February 2012
Today

                    • Popular Culture
                    • Dancing
                    • Jazz
                    • Bad music

Saturday, 25 February 2012
•   Popular Culture
                             •          Culture




Saturday, 25 February 2012
Culture
   • Raymond Williams defines culture as:
   • 1) “a general process of intellectual, spiritual and
           aesthetic development” - cultural development of W.
           Europe: philosophers, artists, poets
   • 2) “a particular way of life, whether of a people, a period
           or a group” - W. Europe: literacy, holidays, sport,
           religious festivals
   • 3) “the works and practices of intellectual and especially
           artistic activity” - W. Europe: signifying practices, poetry,
           novel, ballet, etc but also: comics, soap opera, pop music
Saturday, 25 February 2012
Popular Culture
                    • “Popular Culture is the arts, artifacts,
                             entertainment, fads, beliefs and values that
                             are shared by large segments of society.”
                    • Quantitative
                    • What is the role that it plays in our lives?
                    • Examples

Saturday, 25 February 2012
R. Lichtenstein -
                             Drowning Girl (1963)




Saturday, 25 February 2012
Pop art: representing
                               popular culture



                             A. Warhol’s Marilyn’s
                                   prints


                              - experimentation
                                   - irony


Saturday, 25 February 2012
Foxtrot
                    • Named after dancer and comedian Harry
                             Fox who popularised this type of dance
                    • Inspired by African American culture
                    • Music used: ragtime (ragged, syncopated
                             rhythm, popular in late 19th early 20th
                             century)




Saturday, 25 February 2012
• Ragtime example: Scott Joplin’s “the
                             entertainer”




Saturday, 25 February 2012
“Foxtrot” used in rock
                              n’ roll releases (‘50s)




Saturday, 25 February 2012
Saturday, 25 February 2012
Strictly come dancing

                    • US Version “Dancing with the stars”
                    • BBC One, 15/5/2004
                    • Most popular talent show, Best talent
                             show, Best variety show awards




Saturday, 25 February 2012
Saturday, 25 February 2012
Jazz
   • Music and dance
   • “Popular dancing is an extremely important cultural
           activity, for bodily movement is a kind of repository for
           social and individual identity. The dancing body engages
           the cultural inscripting of self and the pursuit of
           pleasure, and dancing events are key sites in the
           working and reworking of racial, class, and gender
           boundaries.” Robert Crease 2002
   • Popular in the ‘20s
Saturday, 25 February 2012
Appropriate social                       Repetitive and codified
       dancing
                                           Improvisational and sensual



Traditional ballroom
   dances (upper             Popularised
 torso, waist, hips)


 Rag, tough, animal          Jazz dancing in history
dances (use of whole
       body)
                                           Avant-Garde dancing

   Cabarets, brothels,
         clubs
Saturday, 25 February 2012
Saturday, 25 February 2012
Example #2
                                Stravinsky’s Rite of Spring
                             Sacrificial dance (the chosen one)


“Difficult to understand”, “displeasure”, “lacked melodic and
     sonic qualities the audience expected”, “primitive”

Saturday, 25 February 2012
Saturday, 25 February 2012
Saturday, 25 February 2012
Saturday, 25 February 2012
“I think ‘popular’, you may not”
                             Richard Middleton, musicologist




Saturday, 25 February 2012
“Jazz is too brisk for the average listener to understand”
                   Scott DeVeaux, Musicologist




Saturday, 25 February 2012
Adorno
 “From the middle of the 19th century on, good music has
 renounced commercialism altogether. The consequence of
  its further development has come into conflict with the
  manipulated self-satisfied needs of the bourgeois public”.


                             Culture industry
                             Commodification
                              High/Low art
                             Good/Bad music

       Popular culture                           Subculture
                               Avant-Garde
        (mainstream)                            (marginalised)

Saturday, 25 February 2012
Bad music


   • Simon Frith
   • “I can’t persuade someone that the music they like is
           bad unless I know their tastes, the way they make sense
           of their listening pleasures.”




Saturday, 25 February 2012
• 1) Tracks which are clearly
                               incompetent musically




Saturday, 25 February 2012
• 2) Tracks organised around misplaces sentiments or
                emotions invested heavily in a banal or ridiculous
                object or tune. (Jess Conrad’s My pullover)




Saturday, 25 February 2012
“As it stands, the concept of popular culture is
   virtually useless, a melting pot of confused and
   contradictory meanings capable of misdirecting
   inquiry up any number of theoretical blind alleys”.
   Tony Bennett (sociologist)




Saturday, 25 February 2012
• “For black people, Elvis more than any
                             other performer epitomises the theft of
                             their music and dance”. Helen Kolaoke, The
                             Guardian 2002




Saturday, 25 February 2012

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Music and Art - Week 6

  • 1. Department for Continuing Education Music and Art Marilou Polymeropoulou marilou.polymeropoulou@music.ox.ac.uk Week 6 21/2/12 Popular Culture http://musicandartoxford.wordpress.com/ Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 2. Previously • Definitions of art and music • Aesthetic theories • Impressionism, symbolism • Avant-garde, expressionism, futurism Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 3. Today • Popular Culture • Dancing • Jazz • Bad music Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 4. Popular Culture • Culture Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 5. Culture • Raymond Williams defines culture as: • 1) “a general process of intellectual, spiritual and aesthetic development” - cultural development of W. Europe: philosophers, artists, poets • 2) “a particular way of life, whether of a people, a period or a group” - W. Europe: literacy, holidays, sport, religious festivals • 3) “the works and practices of intellectual and especially artistic activity” - W. Europe: signifying practices, poetry, novel, ballet, etc but also: comics, soap opera, pop music Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 6. Popular Culture • “Popular Culture is the arts, artifacts, entertainment, fads, beliefs and values that are shared by large segments of society.” • Quantitative • What is the role that it plays in our lives? • Examples Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 7. R. Lichtenstein - Drowning Girl (1963) Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 8. Pop art: representing popular culture A. Warhol’s Marilyn’s prints - experimentation - irony Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 9. Foxtrot • Named after dancer and comedian Harry Fox who popularised this type of dance • Inspired by African American culture • Music used: ragtime (ragged, syncopated rhythm, popular in late 19th early 20th century) Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 10. • Ragtime example: Scott Joplin’s “the entertainer” Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 11. “Foxtrot” used in rock n’ roll releases (‘50s) Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 13. Strictly come dancing • US Version “Dancing with the stars” • BBC One, 15/5/2004 • Most popular talent show, Best talent show, Best variety show awards Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 15. Jazz • Music and dance • “Popular dancing is an extremely important cultural activity, for bodily movement is a kind of repository for social and individual identity. The dancing body engages the cultural inscripting of self and the pursuit of pleasure, and dancing events are key sites in the working and reworking of racial, class, and gender boundaries.” Robert Crease 2002 • Popular in the ‘20s Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 16. Appropriate social Repetitive and codified dancing Improvisational and sensual Traditional ballroom dances (upper Popularised torso, waist, hips) Rag, tough, animal Jazz dancing in history dances (use of whole body) Avant-Garde dancing Cabarets, brothels, clubs Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 18. Example #2 Stravinsky’s Rite of Spring Sacrificial dance (the chosen one) “Difficult to understand”, “displeasure”, “lacked melodic and sonic qualities the audience expected”, “primitive” Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 22. “I think ‘popular’, you may not” Richard Middleton, musicologist Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 23. “Jazz is too brisk for the average listener to understand” Scott DeVeaux, Musicologist Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 24. Adorno “From the middle of the 19th century on, good music has renounced commercialism altogether. The consequence of its further development has come into conflict with the manipulated self-satisfied needs of the bourgeois public”. Culture industry Commodification High/Low art Good/Bad music Popular culture Subculture Avant-Garde (mainstream) (marginalised) Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 25. Bad music • Simon Frith • “I can’t persuade someone that the music they like is bad unless I know their tastes, the way they make sense of their listening pleasures.” Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 26. • 1) Tracks which are clearly incompetent musically Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 27. • 2) Tracks organised around misplaces sentiments or emotions invested heavily in a banal or ridiculous object or tune. (Jess Conrad’s My pullover) Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 28. “As it stands, the concept of popular culture is virtually useless, a melting pot of confused and contradictory meanings capable of misdirecting inquiry up any number of theoretical blind alleys”. Tony Bennett (sociologist) Saturday, 25 February 2012
  • 29. • “For black people, Elvis more than any other performer epitomises the theft of their music and dance”. Helen Kolaoke, The Guardian 2002 Saturday, 25 February 2012