2. Table of Contents!
1. Present Tense (ar/er/ir) 14. Future Tense (and irregular)
2 Stem Changers
3 Irregular „yo‟ verbs
4 Saber vs. Conocer
5 Reflexives
6 „Se‟ impersonal
7 Dipthongs with accents ?
8 Verbs Like ger/gir, uir/guir, cer/cir
9 Hace + time + que + presente/preterite
10. Imperfecto
11. Preterite
(car/gar/zar, Spock, cucaracha, snakey), etc)
12. Comparatives
13. Superlatives
3. Presente -ar, -er, -ir
-ar
-er
I
o
o -ir
as o You
es
a es He/She/It
e
amos e We
emos
áis imos Them
éis
an ís
en You all
en
4. Stem changers
• Stem changing verbs change inside the boot.
e -> ie Perder -> Pierdo
e -> i Pedir -> Pido
o -> ue Dormir -> Duermo
u -> ue Jugar -> Juego
5. Irregulars -go, -zco, -oy
-Go -Zco -Oy
Ser
Oigo (oir)
(cer/cir) Estar
Hago (hacer) Conozco (conocer) Dar
Pongo (poner) Conducir Ver
Producir Saber
6. Saber vs. Conocer
Saber is used when you know facts.
- Names of books, music, titles, etc.
Conocer is used when you know people.
- Names, families, etc.
7. reflexives
• Me
• Te
• Se
• Nos
• Os
• Se
These can hook onto infinitives.
“El tiene que lavarse.”
8. 'se' impersonal
Se + verb (in 3rd person singular) + singular direct object
Ejemple: Se habla inglés en Inglaterra.
Se + verb (in 3rd person plural) + plural direct object
Ejemple: Se venden zapatos en las zapaterías.
9. Ser vs. Estar
SER Estar
‘ser’ refers to a permanent ‘estar’ refers to a temporary
condition, mood, or physical condition, mood, or physical
characteristic. appearance.
Conjugations:Conjugations:
SoyEstoy
EresEstás
EsEstá
SomosEstámos
SonEstán
“Me llamo Cristina! Soy de Atlanta.” “Estoy muy cansado.”
“El chico es muy estupido.” “Lorena estáhumilde y simpatica.”
12. verbs like -uir/-guir, -cer/-cir, -ger/gir
• uir/guir: in present tense, verbs ending in –uir have a ‘y’ except for ‘nos’
and ‘vos’.
Constuyo
Construyes
Construye
Construimos
Construis
Construyen
Ger-Gir
In present tense, ‘yo’ switches from ‘g’ to ‘j’.
Cojo
Coges
Coge
Cogemos
Cogeis
Cogen
13. Preterite
• Known beginning and/or end.
• Past tense
• “snapshot” of time.
• E I
• Aste Iste
• O Io
• Amos Imos
• Aron ieron
16. Imperfecto!
• Imperfecto is a form of
past-tense.
• -AR imperfect.
• -ER/IR Imperfect
• Aba
• Ía
• Ábamos
• íamos
• Abas
• Ías
• Abais
• ías
• Aba
• Ía
• Aban
• Ían
17. Preterite : car/gar/zar
Car Gar Zar
Qué Gué Cé
Aste Gaste Aste
Ó Ó Ó
Amos Amos Amos
Asteis Asteis Asteis
Aron Aron Aron
These only change in first person!
18. Preterite: Spock Verbs
Ir/Ser Dar/Ver Hacer
Fui D/V I Hice
Fuiste D/V iste Hiciste
Fue D/V io Hizo
Fuimos D/V imos Hicimos
Fueron D/V ieron Hicieron
20. Preterite: Snakes & Snakey
• Snakes and Snakeys are in the past tense.
• Snakeys are used when three vowels are in a
row. You replace ‘i’ with ‘y’.
21. trigger words
• Words that elude to the use of a preterite
term.
• ayer
• anoche “Ayer, yo comí muchas fresas para la cena.”
• anteayer
• la semana pesada
• cada dia
22. Comparatives:
used to compare one thing to another.
Equality: ‘tan’ + adjective/adverb + como Tan = so
Inequality: mas/menos + adj/adv/noun + que
Tanto = so much
*When using numbers, use ‘de’, not ‘que’.
Tantos/as = so many
24. El Futuro.
• Ir + a + infinitive =
-é
the immediate -ás
future! -á
– “Voy a caminar”- -emos
I’m going to walk”. -án
However, if you “will” do something, there’s a selection of endings
that refer to the future.
“Simpre te amaré.” = I will always love you.
25. Irregular Future
• Decir Dir- to say
• Haber Habr- to be, to have (helping verb)
• Hacer Har- to make, do
• Poder Podr- to be able
• Poner Pondr- to put, place, set
• Querer Querr- to want, love
• Saber Sabr- to know a fact, how
• Salir Saldr- to leave, go out
• Tener Tendr- to have
• Valer Valdr- to be worth
• Venir Vendr- to come
