1. Kinetic theory & thermodynamics By: John Smith Christopher Dale

2. Ideal Gases is the ideal situation of temperature, volume, and pressure for one mole. one Mole is the amount of substance that contains as many atoms or molecules as would be is 12 grams of carbon 12.

3. Kinetic model collection of particles that are in a constant random collision with each other.

4. Ideal gas law relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of a fixed quantity of gas. the equation is PV=nRT.

5. Thermodynamics first law is law of conservation of energy the second law is the flow of heat.

6. Law of conservation of energy the theory is that energy is nether created or destroyed. equation is U=Q-W Which means the change of internal energy equals the net heat minus the net work done by the system.

7. Law of conservation of energy is a isothermal process, so temperature is constant For an ideal gas, PV=a constant, so PV is a curve, as shown Again, Q is heat added to the system

8. 2nd Law of thermodynamics is the idea that heat flows from hot object to a cold object; but not the other way. *A refrigerator moves heat from a cooler environment to a warmer one, but only by doing work.

9. this is an example of heat transfer

10. Heat Engines a heat engine is any devise that changes thermal energy into mechanical work, such as steam engines and automobile engines.

11. Example #1 standard condition or standard temperature and pressure. T=237K P=1.00atm=1.013×10^5N/m^2=101.3kPa

12. determine the volume of 1.00 mol of any gas at stp, assume ideal gas V=nRT/P (1.00)(8.315)(237)/(1.013x10^5) =22.4x10^-3m^3

13. Example #2 an amount of heat equal to 2500J is added to a system, and 1800J of work is done on the system. What is the change in internal energy of the system? Q=2500J W=-1800J

14. U = 2500J-(-1800J) =2500J+1800J=4300J