1. Environmentalism(s)
Dr. Christopher S. Rice

7. Egocentrism

8. Homocentrism

9. Ecocentrism

10. Problems with Eco-centrism:
• May actually be homocentric at its
root – assigning values of species,
etc.
• Fuzziness between facts and
values, is and ought.
• Assumption of moral progress.
• Feminist critique – glosses over
issues of race, gender, class,
species difference.

11. Problems with Eco-centrism:
• May actually be homocentric at its
root – assigning values of species,
etc.
• Fuzziness between facts and
values, is and ought.
• Assumption of moral progress.
• Feminist critique – glosses over
issues of race, gender, class,
species difference.

12. Problems with Eco-centrism:
• May actually be homocentric at its
root – assigning values of species,
etc.
• Fuzziness between facts and
values, is and ought.
• Assumption of moral progress.
• Feminist critique – glosses over
issues of race, gender, class,
species difference.

13. Problems with Eco-centrism:
• May actually be homocentric at its
root – assigning values of species,
etc.
• Fuzziness between facts and
values, is and ought.
• Assumption of moral progress.
• Feminist critique – glosses over
issues of race, gender, class,
species difference.

14. Deep Ecology

16. Ecosophy T

17. Ecosophy
A philosophy of ecological
harmony or equilibrium.

18. Ecosophy T

19. The Principles of Deep Ecology
Arne Naess, “The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement: A Summary,” Inquiry, 16 (1972): 95-100.
Carolyn Merchant, Radical Ecology, p.87.
• Rejection of the man-in-environment image
in favor of the relational, total-field image.
• Biospherical egalitarianism.
• Principles of diversity and of symbiosis.
• Anti-class posture.
• Fight against pollution and resource
depletion.
• Complexity, not complication.
• Local autonomy and decentralization.

20. The Principles of Deep Ecology
Arne Naess, “The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement: A Summary,” Inquiry, 16 (1972): 95-100.
Carolyn Merchant, Radical Ecology, p.87.
• Rejection of the man-in-environment image
in favor of the relational, total-field image.
• Biospherical egalitarianism.
• Principles of diversity and of symbiosis.
• Anti-class posture.
• Fight against pollution and resource
depletion.
• Complexity, not complication.
• Local autonomy and decentralization.

21. The Principles of Deep Ecology
Arne Naess, “The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement: A Summary,” Inquiry, 16 (1972): 95-100.
Carolyn Merchant, Radical Ecology, p.87.
• Rejection of the man-in-environment image
in favor of the relational, total-field image.
• Biospherical egalitarianism.
• Principles of diversity and of symbiosis.
• Anti-class posture.
• Fight against pollution and resource
depletion.
• Complexity, not complication.
• Local autonomy and decentralization.

22. The Principles of Deep Ecology
Arne Naess, “The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement: A Summary,” Inquiry, 16 (1972): 95-100.
Carolyn Merchant, Radical Ecology, p.87.
• Rejection of the man-in-environment image
in favor of the relational, total-field image.
• Biospherical egalitarianism.
• Principles of diversity and of symbiosis.
• Anti-class posture.
• Fight against pollution and resource
depletion.
• Complexity, not complication.
• Local autonomy and decentralization.

23. The Principles of Deep Ecology
Arne Naess, “The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement: A Summary,” Inquiry, 16 (1972): 95-100.
Carolyn Merchant, Radical Ecology, p.87.
• Rejection of the man-in-environment image
in favor of the relational, total-field image.
• Biospherical egalitarianism.
• Principles of diversity and of symbiosis.
• Anti-class posture.
• Fight against pollution and resource
depletion.
• Complexity, not complication.
• Local autonomy and decentralization.

24. The Principles of Deep Ecology
Arne Naess, “The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement: A Summary,” Inquiry, 16 (1972): 95-100.
Carolyn Merchant, Radical Ecology, p.87.
• Rejection of the man-in-environment image
in favor of the relational, total-field image.
• Biospherical egalitarianism.
• Principles of diversity and of symbiosis.
• Anti-class posture.
• Fight against pollution and resource
depletion.
• Complexity, not complication.
• Local autonomy and decentralization.

25. The Principles of Deep Ecology
Arne Naess, “The Shallow and the Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement: A Summary,” Inquiry, 16 (1972): 95-100.
Carolyn Merchant, Radical Ecology, p.87.
• Rejection of the man-in-environment image
in favor of the relational, total-field image.
• Biospherical egalitarianism.
• Principles of diversity and of symbiosis.
• Anti-class posture.
• Fight against pollution and resource
depletion.
• Complexity, not complication.
• Local autonomy and decentralization.

29. Dominant Western Worldview
(DWW)
+
Human Exceptionalism Paradigm
(HPP)
vs.
New Ecological Paradigm (NEP)

30. Source: William R. Catton, Jr. and Riley Dunlap. “A New Ecological Paradigm for Post-Exuberant Sociology,” American
Behavioral Scientist, 24, no. 1 (Sept./Oct. 1980): 34. Also Carolyn Merchant, Radical Ecology, pp. 90-91.

31. Human Nature

32. Principle of
Biospheric Equality

33. We are an event, not
an ego

35. The Self

36. Dialectical Idealism

39. Christian Tradition

40. Eco-science

41. Chaos Theory

42. Social Ecology

43. Progressivism
+
Environmentalism

44. How social ecology and
deep ecology differ:
• Deep ecology focuses on organic/
mechanistic dialectic, social ecology on
society/ecology dialectic.
• Social ecology focuses on an
anthropocentric ethics.
• Social ecology less radical on issue of
population stabilization.

45. How social ecology and
deep ecology differ:
• Deep ecology focuses on organic/
mechanistic dialectic, social ecology on
society/ecology dialectic.
• Social ecology focuses on an
anthropocentric ethics.
• Social ecology less radical on issue of
population stabilization.

46. How social ecology and
deep ecology differ:
• Deep ecology focuses on organic/
mechanistic dialectic, social ecology on
society/ecology dialectic.
• Social ecology focuses on an
anthropocentric ethics.
• Social ecology less radical on issue of
population stabilization.

47. Anarchist Social
Ecology

49. It’s all about the
hierarchy, baby!

50. Food WEB
vs.
Food CHAIN

53. “An immanent dialectic
within phenomena”
• Humans are transformed by their relations
with nature, even as they transform nature by
their interactions with it.
• Nature is not just the passive receptor of
human action, but the active transformer of
human labor.
• Nature interacts with humanity to yield the
actualization of their common potentialities
in the natural and social worlds.

54. “An immanent dialectic
within phenomena”
• Humans are transformed by their relations
with nature, even as they transform nature by
their interactions with it.
• Nature is not just the passive receptor of
human action, but the active transformer of
human labor.
• Nature interacts with humanity to yield the
actualization of their common potentialities
in the natural and social worlds.

55. “An immanent dialectic
within phenomena”
• Humans are transformed by their relations
with nature, even as they transform nature by
their interactions with it.
• Nature is not just the passive receptor of
human action, but the active transformer of
human labor.
• Nature interacts with humanity to yield the
actualization of their common potentialities
in the natural and social worlds.

56. Ending social
domination

57. Ecology
vs.
Environmentalism

58. Bioregionalism

60. Ecosystem
A distinct human and natural community
including the social as well as the organic
factors that interrelate with each other to
provide the basis for an ecologically
rounded and balanced community.

61. Socialist Ecology

62. economic
transformation to
ecological socialism

63. First Contradiction of
Capitalism

64. Second Contradiction of
Capitalism

65. Ecology is the basis of
3 conditions of production
• The external physical
conditions.
• The personal conditions of
laborers.
• The social conditions of
production.

66. Ecology is the basis of
3 conditions of production
• The external physical
conditions.
• The personal conditions of
laborers.
• The social conditions of
production.

67. Ecology is the basis of
3 conditions of production
• The external physical
conditions.
• The personal conditions of
laborers.
• The social conditions of
production.

68. Resultant changes in Marxism
• Where First Contradiction lead to
overproduction, Second Contradiction leads
to underproduction.
• Traditionally, labor and socialist movements
are agents of transformation. In EM,
ecological social movements are the agents
of change.
• State socialism rejected in favor of
localization and appropriate technologies
and systems.

69. Resultant changes in Marxism
• Where First Contradiction lead to
overproduction, Second Contradiction leads
to underproduction.
• Traditionally, labor and socialist movements
are agents of transformation. In EM,
ecological social movements are the agents
of change.
• State socialism rejected in favor of
localization and appropriate technologies
and systems.

70. Resultant changes in Marxism
• Where First Contradiction lead to
overproduction, Second Contradiction leads
to underproduction.
• Traditionally, labor and socialist movements
are agents of transformation. In EM,
ecological social movements are the agents
of change.
• State socialism rejected in favor of
localization and appropriate technologies
and systems.

71. Cyber-Greens

73. “Email burns oil and
shits filth into your
air”
~ Bruce Sterling,
Viridiandesign.org

74. They're all about creating irresistible
consumer demand for cool objects that will
yield a global atmosphere upgrade. It's the Net
vs. the 20th-century fossil order in a fight that
the cybergreens are winning. Why? Because
they're not about spiritual potential, human
decency, small is beautiful, peace, justice or
anything else unattainable. The cybergreens
are about stuff people want, such as health,
sex, glamour, hot products, awesome
bandwidth, tech innovation and tons of
money. We're gonna glam, spend and
consume our way into planetary survival.
~ Bruce Sterling

75. Greening your Geek