Wolfgang Gruneberg Biofortified Sweetpotato Available Material, Advances, and Selection Limits Reuión anual de socios y colaboradores de AgroSalud / 2009

1. Agrosalud Breeding Sweetpotato WG 2009
Biofortified Sweetpotato
Available Material, Advances, and Selection Limits
International Potato Center

2. General: There were orange fleshed
sweetpotatos (OFSP) before
The Base Lines for β-carot., Fe & Zn.
Example: Data for 6 MegaClones (from 20 MegaClones)
AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009
ppm DMYLD
(t / ha)
DM
(%) β-carot. Fe Zn
Jewel 23.9 27.7 296 23.7 13.1
Resisto 26.8 27.3 533 29.9 18.4
Jonathan 14.7 29.2 158 28.2 16.2
Santo Amaro 16.3 31.7 0 23.3 13.7
Xushu18 30.5 31.2 0 25.2 14.1
Tanzania 11.6 33.5 0 22.5 13.5
Jonathan 100g fresh roots: β-carotene: 4.6 mg, iron: 0.82 mg, zinc: 0.47 mg
Child 1 – 3 years needs: β-carotene: 4.8 mg, iron: 5 mg, zinc: 4 mg
Note on poor on-farm conditions you have about 30% less β-carotene, iron, and zinc

3. AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009
Sweet Potato Targeting - Groupings by Opportunities and
Number of People – Where is Latin America?

4. Germplasm Clones in Dissemination (phase I)
2006 – 2007 Screening of 1200 clones >3 locations
AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009
ppm DMN = 78 clones
>150 ppm β-carot
YLD
(t / ha)
DM
(%) β-carot. Fe Zn
Means (N = 78) 19.5 28.4 262 18.4 11.5
Number of clones >
better than 29.2 %
DM (check Jonathan)
- - - - -
N = 25
>150 ppm β-carot
YLD
(t / ha)
DM
(%)
ppm DM
β-carot Fe Zn
Means (N = 25) 21.8 29.8 282 23.3 12.7
N = 13 clones
>29.2 % DM
(check Jonathan)
19.0 31.8 313 22.6 12.0
Breeding Clones in Dissemination (phase I)
2006 – 2007 Screening 5000 clones 3 locations
=> Comment: There are much better clones, but: huge problems to get clones virus
clean and into other countries 2005 -2007
Germination under sterile
conditions
Controlled crossings
Near Infra Red to determine
Quality

5. AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009
ppm DM
2005 - 2006
YLD
(t / ha)
DM
(%) β-carot. Fe Zn
PJ I Pop. Mean 13.5 30.0 79 21 9
Min – Max 0.1– 89.0 16.0- 45.3 0.0 - 398 3 – 40 5 -15
PZ I Pop. Mean 14.0 32.25 123.3 17.8 10.9
Min – Max 0.1 - 50.0 10.1 – 47.9 0 - 863 7.6 – 30.5 4.7 – 19.9
2007 - 2008
PJ II Pop. Mean 19.7 28.2 363 22.3 13.3
Min – Max 2.7 - 44.9 14.5 - 42.6 0 – 1066 9.9 - 45.9 7.0 - 31.0
PZ II Pop. Mean 15.4 30.5 258 18.3 11.1
Min – Max 3.6 - 54.8 16.2 - 45.5 0 - 777 8.1 - 41.0 5.7 – 27.4
OFSP Population Development – 2 Recurrent Cycles
Populations: Jewel (PJ) and ZapalloSPK (PZ) from 2005 - 2008 (3 locations !!!)
Means, minimum and maximum yield, dry matter, β-carotene, Fe and Zn in
Population, Jewel I, II, and Population ZapalloSPK I and II.
PJ II 100g fresh storage root mean: β-carotene: 10.2 mg, iron: 0.64 mg, zinc: 0.38 mg
PZ II 100g fresh storage root mean: β-carotene: 7.9 mg, iron: 0.56 mg, zinc: 0.34 mg
Child 1 – 3 years needs per day: β-carotene: 4.8 mg, iron: 5 mg, zinc: 4 mg

6. Breeding Clones in Dissemination (phase II)
2009 =>
AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding
WG 2009
ppm DMN = 182
>150 ppm β-carot
YLD
(t / ha)
DM
(%) β-carot. Fe Zn
Means (N = 182) 20.6 28.2 355 21.0 13.2
Means of 59 clones
DM & β-carot. Equal
or better than (check
Jonathan)
20.6 31.7 299 19.5 12.3
Family
YLD
(t / ha)
DM
(%)
ppm DM
β-carot Fe Zn
PJ05.042 x 194541.48 22.3 21.2 599 27.7 18.9
SR01.018 x PJ05.056 24.4 28.5 414 25.0 15.4
PJ05.042 x PJ05.172 20.1 27.3 527 24.9 15.8
PZ06.006 x PZ06.099 15.5 29.2 480 19.2 12.5
Breeding SEED in Dissemination (phase II)
2009 =>
4 out of 59 high dry matter clones appear to be non
sweet sweetpotato

7. Variety Release (CIP Peru – old clones crossed before Phase I)
AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009
ppm DMYLD
(t / ha)
DM
(%) β-carot. Fe Zn
Jonathan (check) 59.5 28.4 302 23.3 13.2
LM03.062 34.3 24.9 288 24.4 14.4
SR02.164 23,7 25.7 287 13.3 9.8
SR02.177 51.3 27.8 525 21.3 13.2
SR02.179 49.5 24.7 756 23.1 14.3
SR02.194 26.7 29.4 339 14.6 8.7
Germplasm clones or Clones crosses 2005 or before
INIA, Phase I clones: 2 clones in variety release
EMBRAPA, Phase I clones: 4 clones in variety release and dissemination
ISA; Phase I clones: 1 clones in variety release
ORE; - 2 local clones in dissemination
INIVIT (without funds from CIP) 1 local breeding clone released
Two further contract to evaluate Phase I clones – UNA & CENTA
Clones crosses 2006 - 2007
INIA & CIP, Phase II: About 250 PJ I and PZ Clones in variety development

8. CIP Field days in suburbs Lima 2006 – 2009 => 2012
linked with the”Comedores Populares”, the “Municipalidad de Carabayllo”
& the “Ministerio de Mujers”
Image of sweetpotato “No solo para …”
AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009

9. Further Advances for OFSP Breeding !!!
1) New Information that iron & zinc might be improved by
50% in sweetpotato to: 40 ppm Fe & 25 ppm Zn
2) Source of SPVD resistance (SPCSV resistance) found in 1
OFSP land races and at least 2 clones of PJ I
3) Against other opinions there might be a certain amount of
weevil resistance in sweetpotato, which has been associated to
specific compounds in the latex of the root skin in clones like
New Kawogo or Santo Amaro
AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009

10. New Infromation Fe & Zn in sweetpotato (8 x 8 diallel)
Note: crossings with 8 outstanding PJ I clones (in total 64 families each with 30 to 60
genotypes, each genotype planted in 1 m row plot in 2 plot replications) –only the best 8
families for iron are presented with their mean and standard deviation in brackets
AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009
ppm DM
Families DM
(%)
β-carot. Fe Zn
106806
Mean
STD
26.4
(5.3)
730
(351)
40.5
(8.9)
26.5
(6.6)
106765
Mean
STD
23.9
(3.7)
686
(174)
39.3
(5.3)
26.2
(3.8)
106770
Mean
STD
26.8
(5.0)
516
(374)
37.8
(9.2)
25.3
(6.2)
106778
Mean
STD
24.8
(4.2)
781
(301)
37.7
(7.6)
24.7
(5.4)
106816
Mean
STD
22.8
(2.7)
725
(143)
37.4
(5.1)
25.3
(4.0)
106786 Mean
STD
21.8
(3.1)
586
(209)
37.2
(6.5)
24.6
(5.0)
106814
Mean
STD
23.4
(4.5)
617
(294)
36.8
(8.2)
24.4
(6.0)
105764
Mean
STD
21.6
(4.3)
732
(231)
36.6
(7.3)
26.0
(5.4)
R = Mean + STD
Approx. current OFSP
selection limits
≈ 30 % DM
≈ 900 ppm pro vitamin A
≈ 45 ppm Fe
≈ 30 ppm Zn
R = Mean + 2 STD
Approx. future OFSP selection
limits
≈ 32 % DM
≈ 1000 ppm pro vitaminA
≈ 50 ppm Fe
≈ 35 ppm Zn

11. Agro Salud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009
SPCSV Resistance
CIP 420269 PER (DLP 3163) selected from 2000
germplasm clones as resistant
to sweet potato clorotic stunt (SPCSV)
Assumption: recessive inherited rrrrrr
Crossing with parents of OFSP “Pop. Jewel”
DLP 3163 x 100 OFSP “Jewel”
Table: Elisa scores in population Jewel before and
after crossing with DLP3163 (CIP 420269)
*** significant on p < 0.001 level
SPFMV SPCSV
SPVD
(ambos virus)
Application of Markers
ELISA score
Mean
ELISA score
Median
SPCSV SPFMV SPCSV SPFMV
Parents 0.84 1.97 0.78 2.11
Offspring 0.44*** 1.09*** 0.33*** 1.00***
When you have a technique to
search you can find:
We found at least
5 more clones (OFSP) with
resistance to SPCSV
=> Crossings !!!!
>5 x > 5 SPCSV resistance clones
Number of seed expected >2000

12. AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009
Sources of weevil tolerance
Not made at CIP!!! But of high interest for LAC!!!
Independent reports from
Dom. Republic – clone Santo Amaro (Brazil) &
Uganda – clone New Kawogo
⇒ less effected by weevil due to differences in
latex content and composition
Mean No. of feeding holes (feedh), oviposited eggs &
dropping on Tanzania (TZ) and New Kawogo (NK) Periderms.
0
2
4
6
8
Feedh Eggs Dropp
MeanNo.
TZ NK
HPLC chromatograms of NK and TZ
root latex (40mg latex/ ml

13. Thank-you for your Attention
AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009