The document provides information on domestic violence including definitions, prevalence, causes, effects, and interventions. It defines domestic violence and family violence under Texas law. It notes that around 1 in 3 women worldwide experience domestic violence in their lifetime. Risk factors include substance abuse, witnessing domestic violence as a child, and separation from an abusive partner. Domestic violence has serious negative effects on victims and children such as physical and psychological harm. Interventions discussed include protective orders, battered women's shelters, and perpetrator treatment programs.

1. Domestic Violence Dr. Jared Detter Psychologist, San Antonio Police Department

11. What Causes Domestic Violence? By TOBY D. GOLDSMITH, MD October 19, 2006 Domestic violence may start when one partner feels the need to control and dominate the other. Abusers may feel this need to control their partner because of low self-esteem, extreme jealousy, difficulties in regulating anger and other strong emotions, or when they feel inferior to the other partner in education and socioeconomic background. Some men with very traditional beliefs may think they have the right to control women, and that women aren’t equal to men. This domination then takes the form of emotional, physical or sexual abuse. Studies suggest that violent behavior often is caused by an interaction of situational and individual factors. That means that abusers learn violent behavior from their family, people in their community and other cultural influences as they grow up. They may have seen violence often or they may have been victims themselves. Children who witness or are the victims of violence may learn to believe that violence is a reasonable way to resolve conflict between people. Boys who learn that women are not to be valued or respected and who see violence directed against women are more likely to abuse women when they grow up. Girls who witness domestic violence in their families of origin are more likely to be victimized by their own husbands. Alcohol and other chemical substances may contribute to violent behavior. A drunk or high person will be less likely to control his or her violent impulses.

13. Power and Control Wheel

14. NON-THREATENING BEHAVIOR RESPECT TRUST AND SUPPORT HONESTY AND ACCOUNTABILITY RESPONSIBLE PARENTING ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP NEGOTIATION AND FAIRNESS SHARED RESPONSIBILITY EQUALITY NONVIOLENCE NONVIOLENCE

30. Carolyn Thomas, a 34-year-old former track star was shot in the face by an abusive ex-boyfriend who also killed her mother. She wears a mask-like bandage to protect her from infection and the stares of those who are ignorant of her experiences.

31. This is an undated photo of Carolyn Thomas before her face was destroyed in a shooting.

32. Carolyn Thomas must feed herself four times a day using a tube attached to her stomach.

33. This photo shows Janice Reeves, Carolyn Thomas' mother, who was shot dead by her daughter's boyfriend in 2003.

34. Carolyn Thomas reacts as prosecutor Crawford Long displays a .44 Magnum for her to identify during the trial of Terrence Kelly in Waco in April 2005. Terrence used the gun to shoot Thomas in the face.

35. Terrence Kelly leaves court April 15, 2005, in Waco. He was convicted of shooting Carolyn Thomas in the face and killing her mother in 2003. He is serving a life sentence.

36. With half her face shot off, it will take several surgeries to reconstruct her facial skull.

37. The first of several surgeries; the goal was to make sure Carolyn could breathe while preventing infection.

38. After having several skins grafts, where skin was removed from her back and legs, the jaw line was built and closed. An upper lip was also constructed.

39. During this process, a plaster mold is made of her face to build her a nose.

40. The area of the nose is built with a synthetic so as not to cause chaffing, making it easier for Carolyn to breathe.

41. Each day, she will have to glue the piece to her face to apply the synthetic nose.

42. Doctors constructed several noses attempting to match it to the original nose. Carolyn chose the one she felt most closely resembled her original nose.

43. Life Begins Anew!

44. She is the face of domestic violence. She travels the country sharing her story, teaching women, warning women, empowering women.