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Requests
Originally created by Alan Bessette
Adapted by Candice Quinones
Requests
Lecture Outline
 Requests: What are they?
 Kinds of requests
 Parts of a request
 Requests & face
 Burden of requests
 Request strategies
 Factors affecting requests
Requests - Intro
When you make a request, a speaker asks a someone to
do something
  Lend something
    Can I borrow 1,000 dollars?
  Do or help with a chore
    Would you clean up your room?
  Do something for someone
    Could you drive me to the station?
Kinds of Requests
Hearer-oriented
 Could you clean up the kitchen, please?
Speaker-oriented
 Can I borrow your notes from yesterday’s class?
Speaker- and Hearer-oriented
 So, could we tidy up the kitchen soon?
Impersonal
 So it might be a good idea to get it cleaned up.
Parts of a Request
Danny, can you remind me to bring the book for you on
Monday? Otherwise I might forget.
 Attention getter
     Danny
 Head act – the request
     Can you remind me to bring the book for you on Monday?
 Supportive move(s)
     Otherwise I might forget.
Requests & Face
Face is your feeling of self-worth or self-image
  Positive face is the desire for approval by others
    We want others to like and respect us
  Negative face is the desire not to impose on others.
    We don’t want to be a burden to others
Burden of requests
Requests can potentially be intrusive
The request may place a burden on the recipient
 Asking someone who is busy to do something else places a burden
 on them
A recipient may have to refuse a request
 We don’t like to say no
 We don’t like to be refused
Burden of requests
Refusing a request and having a request refused result is
a potential loss of face
  Therefore, there is a need to minimize the burden of requests
Speakers reduce the burden of requests through different
strategies
Request Strategies
Direct strategies
  Usually the second most common (10% in English)
Conventially indirect strategies
  Most common in all languages (82%)
Non-conventially indirect strategies
  Least common (8%)
Direct Strategies
Explicit requests
  I’m asking you to clean up the kitchen.
  You’ll have to clean up the kitchen.
  I really wish you’d clean up the kitchen.
  Often imperatives (commands)
    Clean up the kitchen.
    Do your homework!
    Sit down.
Conventionally Indirect Strategies
Make use of frequently used expressions to downgrade
the request
  Suggestions
    How about cleaning up?
    Why don’t you help with the cleaning up?
Conventionally Indirect Strategies
Grammatical downgraders
  Could you…?
  I wonder if you would mind…?
  Do you think I could…?
  It would really help if you…?
  Would you mind if I…?
  Would you be kind enough to…?
Conventionally Indirect Strategies
Supportive moves
  Do me a favor
    Can you do me a favor? Would you lend me 1,000 dollars?
  Explain
    I missed my bus. Could you give me a lift home?
Conventionally Indirect Strategies
Supportive moves
  Check possibility
    Are you going towards the station? If so, could I have a ride?
  Compliment
    You have beautiful handwriting. Could I borrow your notes?
Non-conventionally Indirect Strategies
Non-conventionally indirect strategies are hints
There is a gap between the speaker’s intended meaning
and the literal meaning
Non-conventionally Indirect Strategies
It’s cold in here.
  Meaning: Close the window
Do you have any money on you?
  Meaning: Can I borrow some money?
Do you know where the newspaper is?
  Meaning: Would you get the newspaper?
Factors Affecting Requests
How requests are made depend on social and situational
factors
 Social status
 Social distance
 Hearer’s obligation to carry out the request
 Right of the speaker to make the request
 Difficulty of completing the request
Lecture Conclusion
 Requests: What are they?
 Kinds of requests
 Parts of a request
 Requests & face
 Burden of requests
 Request strategies
 Factors affecting requests

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Requests

  • 1. Requests Originally created by Alan Bessette Adapted by Candice Quinones
  • 3. Lecture Outline  Requests: What are they?  Kinds of requests  Parts of a request  Requests & face  Burden of requests  Request strategies  Factors affecting requests
  • 4. Requests - Intro When you make a request, a speaker asks a someone to do something Lend something Can I borrow 1,000 dollars? Do or help with a chore Would you clean up your room? Do something for someone Could you drive me to the station?
  • 5. Kinds of Requests Hearer-oriented Could you clean up the kitchen, please? Speaker-oriented Can I borrow your notes from yesterday’s class? Speaker- and Hearer-oriented So, could we tidy up the kitchen soon? Impersonal So it might be a good idea to get it cleaned up.
  • 6. Parts of a Request Danny, can you remind me to bring the book for you on Monday? Otherwise I might forget. Attention getter Danny Head act – the request Can you remind me to bring the book for you on Monday? Supportive move(s) Otherwise I might forget.
  • 7. Requests & Face Face is your feeling of self-worth or self-image Positive face is the desire for approval by others We want others to like and respect us Negative face is the desire not to impose on others. We don’t want to be a burden to others
  • 8. Burden of requests Requests can potentially be intrusive The request may place a burden on the recipient Asking someone who is busy to do something else places a burden on them A recipient may have to refuse a request We don’t like to say no We don’t like to be refused
  • 9. Burden of requests Refusing a request and having a request refused result is a potential loss of face Therefore, there is a need to minimize the burden of requests Speakers reduce the burden of requests through different strategies
  • 10. Request Strategies Direct strategies Usually the second most common (10% in English) Conventially indirect strategies Most common in all languages (82%) Non-conventially indirect strategies Least common (8%)
  • 11. Direct Strategies Explicit requests I’m asking you to clean up the kitchen. You’ll have to clean up the kitchen. I really wish you’d clean up the kitchen. Often imperatives (commands) Clean up the kitchen. Do your homework! Sit down.
  • 12. Conventionally Indirect Strategies Make use of frequently used expressions to downgrade the request Suggestions How about cleaning up? Why don’t you help with the cleaning up?
  • 13. Conventionally Indirect Strategies Grammatical downgraders Could you…? I wonder if you would mind…? Do you think I could…? It would really help if you…? Would you mind if I…? Would you be kind enough to…?
  • 14. Conventionally Indirect Strategies Supportive moves Do me a favor Can you do me a favor? Would you lend me 1,000 dollars? Explain I missed my bus. Could you give me a lift home?
  • 15. Conventionally Indirect Strategies Supportive moves Check possibility Are you going towards the station? If so, could I have a ride? Compliment You have beautiful handwriting. Could I borrow your notes?
  • 16. Non-conventionally Indirect Strategies Non-conventionally indirect strategies are hints There is a gap between the speaker’s intended meaning and the literal meaning
  • 17. Non-conventionally Indirect Strategies It’s cold in here. Meaning: Close the window Do you have any money on you? Meaning: Can I borrow some money? Do you know where the newspaper is? Meaning: Would you get the newspaper?
  • 18. Factors Affecting Requests How requests are made depend on social and situational factors Social status Social distance Hearer’s obligation to carry out the request Right of the speaker to make the request Difficulty of completing the request
  • 19. Lecture Conclusion  Requests: What are they?  Kinds of requests  Parts of a request  Requests & face  Burden of requests  Request strategies  Factors affecting requests

Notas del editor

  1. Requests usually include reference to the requester, the recipient fo the request and the action to be performed.