Value of Project Management Body of Knowledge for Public Policy Students and Graduates.

1. SPP Careers 501:
Project Management
Clark Bonilla, Director
Alumni and Career Services
School of Public Policy
SPP Careers 501 1

2. Table of Contents
1. Project Management (PM) Defined
2. Why PM for SPP Students?
3. Benefits of PM
4. Special Knowledge Areas of PM
5. PM Professional Development
6. References
SPP Careers 501 2

3. 1. Project Management Defined
SPP Careers 501 3

4. PM Defined
 PM is “the allocation, tracking, and utilization of
resources to achieve a particular objective
within a specified period of time.”
 Managing Projects Large and Small (Harvard
Business Essentials, 2004): xi.
SPP Careers 501 4

5. PM Defined by Techniques
 PM involves “new methods of restructuring
management and adapting special management
techniques, with the purpose of obtaining better
control and use of existing resources.”
 Harold Kerzner, Project Management (2001): 2-3.
SPP Careers 501 5

6. PM Illustrated CEO
Board of Special
Directors Assistant
VP VP VP VP VP
Operations Finances R&D M&A HR
Standardized Customized Project
Production Production Planning
Facilities Logistics Project #1 Project #1
IT Support Inventory Project #2 Project #2
OSHA Project
Sales
Compliance Evaluation
Product 1
Marketing
Production
Product 2
Production
SPP Careers 501 6

7. PM Comparisons
Table 1: Organizational General Project
Criteria Management Management
Production Cycle Continuous Limited Time
Production Process Standardized Customized
Management Hierarchical Vertical
(Pyramid)
Organizational Fully Minimal
Integration (Streamlined)
Communications Diffused Limited
SPP Careers 501 7

8. Competitive Advantages of PM
 “project management offers organizations the
means to be efficient, effective, and competitive
in a shifting, complex, and unpredictable
environment.”
 Ika, Lavagnon A. (2009) Project Success as a
Topic in Project Management Journals. Project
Management Journal, 40(4): 6-19.
SPP Careers 501 8

9. 5 PM Functions
 Initiation
 Planning
 Execution
 Monitoring and Controlling
 Closing
 James P. Lewis, Fundamentals of Project Management
(2007): 18-20.
SPP Careers 501 9

10. Approaches to Projects
Management of project business, budget, and technical baselines, including baseline change
management and authorization, requirements flowdown, traceability, and accountability.
Requirements
Management
Project Systems
Management Engineering
Process of managing requirements to
Process of planning, applying, and
Include user and stakeholder requirements,
controlling the use of resources to
concept selection, architecture development,
achieve a specific objective within a
requirements flowdown and traceability,
specified time.
opportunity and risk management, system
integration, verification, validation and
(Source: Forsberg, et al, 2005) lessons learned.
SPP Careers 501 10

11. 2. Why PM for SPP Students?
SPP Careers 501 11

12. PMBOK for SPP Students
 Sustainability research requires interdisciplinary teams.
 Green technologies requires interdisciplinary project teams.
 Increasingly S&T, environmental, and energy fields are utilizing
interdisciplinary project teams.
 PMBOK aids SPP students in analyzing these teams.
 PMBOK prepares SPP students to participate in these teams.
 More employers seek SPP graduates with PMBOK.
SPP Careers 501 12

13. Special Skills for SPP Students
 Proposal Development  Budgeting
 Contract Development  Procurement
 Organizational Process  Quality Control and
Analysis Management
 Defining Project Scope  Project Evaluation
 Communications
 Scheduling
Management
 Cost Estimating
 Risk Analysis and
(“Costing”)
Management
SPP Careers 501 13

14. Examples of Special Analytic
Tools
 Planning: SWOT Analysis, Cost-Benefit Analysis,
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, Trade-Off Analysis
 Scheduling: Program Evaluation and Review
Technique (PERT)
 Risk: Sensitivity Analysis
 Costing: Life-Cycle Costing (LCC)
 Controlling: Earned Value Analysis (EVA)
 Quality: Pareto Analysis, Trend Analysis, Six Sigma
 Evaluation: Logical Framework Analysis
SPP Careers 501 14

15. 3. PM Benefits for Institutions
SPP Careers 501 15

16. General Benefits of PM
 Accomplishing projects on time and budget with
minimal disruption to normal operations
 Minimizing development time for unique
projects, reducing costs and risks
 Effective use of resources, i.e., pulling in
specific personnel to create ideal project teams
 Managing Projects Large and Small (2007): xii.
SPP Careers 501 16

17. Special Benefits of PM
 Identification of functional responsibilities to
ensure all activities are accounted for,
regardless of personnel turnover
 Minimizing the need for continuous reporting
 Identification of time limits for scheduling
 Identification of a methodology for trade-off
analysis
SPP Careers 501 17

18. Special Benefits of PM
 Measurement of accomplishment against plans
 Early identification of problems so that
corrective action may follow
 Improved estimating capability for future
planning
 Knowing when objectives cannot be met or will
be exceeded
 Herzner, Project Management (2001): 3.
SPP Careers 501 18

19. 4. Special Knowledge Areas of PM
SPP Careers 501 19

20. Project Integration Management
 Project Integration Management: “ensures
the project is properly planned, executed, and
controlled, including the exercise of formal
project control. … every activity must be
coordinated or integrated with every other one
in order to achieve the desired project
outcomes.” (Lewis, 2007, p. 20)
SPP Careers 501 20

21. Project Scope Management
 Project Scope Management: “includes
authorizing the job, developing a scope
statement that will define the boundaries of the
project, subdividing the work into manageable
components with deliverables, verifying that the
amount of work planned has been achieved,
and specifying scope change control
procedures.” (Lewis, 2007, p. 20)
SPP Careers 501 21

22. Project Time Management
 Project Time Management: “developing a
schedule that can be met, then controlling
work to ensure that this happens!” (Lewis,
2007, p. 20)
SPP Careers 501 22

23. Project Cost Management
 Project Cost Management: “involves
estimating the cost of resources, including
people, equipment, materials, and such
things…” (Lewis, 2007, pp. 20-21)
SPP Careers 501 23

24. Project Quality Management
 Project Quality Management: includes
“quality assurance (planning to meet quality
requirements) and quality control (steps taken
to monitor results to see if they conform to
requirements).” (Lewis, 2007, p. 21)
SPP Careers 501 24

25. Project HR Management
 Project Human Resource Management:
“involves identifying the people needed to do
the job, defining their roles, responsibilities, and
reporting relationships, acquiring those people,
and then managing them as the project is
executed.” (Lewis, 2007, p. 21)
SPP Careers 501 25

26. Project Communications
Management
 Project Communications Management:
“involves planning, executing, and controlling
the acquisition and dissemination of all
information relevant to the needs of all project
stakeholders.” (Lewis, 2007, p. 21)
SPP Careers 501 26

27. Project Risk Management
 Project Risk Management: “is the systematic
process of identifying, quantifying, analyzing,
and responding to project risk.” (Lewis, 2007,
p. 21)
SPP Careers 501 27

28. Project Procurement Management
 Project Procurement Management: “involves
deciding what must be procured, issuing
requests for bids or quotations, selecting
vendors, administering contracts, and closing
them when the job is finished.” (Lewis, 2007, p.
22)
SPP Careers 501 28

29. 5. PM Professional Development
SPP Careers 501 29

30. Careers Using PM
 Engineers
 Architects and planners
 Economic and real estate developers
 IT personnel
 Marketing personnel (product development)
 Construction personnel
 Many scientists involved in R&D
 Manufacturing personnel, etc.
SPP Careers 501 30

31. For SPP Graduates
 PM as integration of policy outcome analysis
and organizational process analysis
 PM as entry into interdisciplinary project teams
 PM as transferable skill sets (sectors, horizontal
and vertical career pathways)
 PM as advancement into management (PMP
certification for project management-readiness)
SPP Careers 501 31

32. PM Scenarios for SPP Graduates
 Examining regulatory compliance of new hybrid
car production
 Analyzing incentives for adopting of new
residential energy efficiency technologies
 Performing environmental impact analysis for
proposed new real estate development
 Analyzing organizational processes to improve
knowledge management from special projects
 Monitoring quality of green technologies to
reduce carbon emissions.
SPP Careers 501 32

33. PM Career Pathways
State Corporate Consulting
Career Environmental Environmental Environmental
Services Services Services
Matrix
Executive Senior Partner
Directorial Environmental
Serv. Director
Management Special Projects
Manager
Professional Compliance
Officer
Classified Intern
SPP Careers 501 33

34. International Certification
 Project Management Institute (www.pmi.org)
 Project Management Professional (PMP) credential
 Training opportunities (annual conferences,
seminars, journals)
 Networking opportunities, exposure to different
industries
 More systems and process-oriented thinking
(Blomquist et. al, 2010)
SPP Careers 501 34

35. References
Blomquist, Tomas; Hallgren, Markus; Nilsson,
Andreas; and Soderholm, Anders. (2010)
Project-as-Practice: In Search of Project
Management Research That Matters. Project
Management Journal, 41(1): 5-16.
Bower, Douglas C. and Walker, Derek H. T. (2007)
Planning Knowledge for Phased Rollout
Projects. Project Management Journal, 38(3):
45-60.
Couillard, Jean; Garon, Serge; and Riznic, Jovica.
The Logical Framework Approach—Millennium.
Project Management Journal, 40(4): 31-44.
SPP Careers 501 35

36. References - 2
Forsberg, Kevin; Mooz, Hal; and Cotterman,
Howard. (2005) Visualizing Project
Management: Models and Frameworks for
Mastering Complex Systems. Hoboken: John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ika, Lavagnon A. (2009) Project Success as a
Topic in Project Management Journals.
Project Management Journal, 40(4): 6-19.
SPP Careers 501 36

37. References - 3
Jackson, Karen Luke and Keener, Barbara J.
(2002) Introduction to Community College
Resource Development: Creating Preferred
Futures. Community College Journal of
Research and Practice, 26: 1-6.
Jedd, Marcia. (2007) The Evolution Begins: A New
Breed of Project Managers Can Talk Projects
and Business Strategy. PM Network, 21(6):
60-64.
SPP Careers 501 37

38. References - 4
Kerzner, Harold. (2001) Project Management: A
Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and
Controlling. NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lakika, Susan. (2008) By Focusing on Lessons
Learned, Project Managers Can Avoid Repeating
the Same Old Mistakes.” PM Network, 22(2):
74-77.
Lewis, James P. (1995) The Project Manager’s
Desk Reference. New York: McGraw-Hill.
SPP Careers 501 38

39. References - 5
PMI. (2007) The Benefits of a Credentialed
Workforce: Why Organizations Gain from
Promoting Credentials. PMI Today,
Supplement to PM Network, 9:2.
SPP Careers 501 39

40. For More Information:
Clark Bonilla, Director
Office: 404-385-7220
clark.bonilla@pubpolicy.gatech.edu
SPP Careers 501 40