This document provides an overview of taxonomy and the classification of living organisms. It explains that taxonomy is the scientific study of naming and grouping organisms based on similarities. A standard 7-level classification system was developed by Carolus Linnaeus, with domains, kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera and species. Organisms are grouped into six kingdoms - Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia - based on their cell structure, number of cells, and method of feeding. The document describes the defining characteristics of each kingdom.
2. • As living things are constantly being
investigated, new attributes are
revealed that affect how organisms are
placed in a standard classification
system.
2
3. What is taxonomy?
• Taxonomy is the branch
of biology concerned
with the grouping and
naming of organisms
• Biologists who study
this are called
taxonomists
4. How did it start?
• People wanted to
organize their world
so they began
grouping, or
classifying everything
they saw.
5. Examples:
•Things that break down dead
materials
•Things that reproduce sexually
•Things that are single-celled
•Things that have cell walls
•Things that eat other organisms
•Things that have a nucleus
•Things that are multicellular
TPS:
What categories of living things do you remember?
6. Why classify?
• To help us see
relationships, similarities
and differences
• To help us organize all the
organisms we discover . . .
7. • To give every species a name
based on a standard method
so scientists from different
countries can talk about the
same animal without
confusion
8. Who is Carolus Linnaeus?
• Carolus Linnaeus was a
Swedish botanist
• Developed a 7-level (taxa)
classification system based
on similarities between
organisms
10. Domains
• Domains are the broadest taxonomic
classification of living organisms
• The three Domains:
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
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11. Domains are Divided into
Kingdoms
• Archaea----- Archaebacteria
• Bacteria ------ Eubacteria
• Eukarya ------- Protist
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
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12. How does it work?
• There are 6 broad
kingdoms
• Every living thing that
we know of fits into one
of the six kingdoms
• Each level gets more
specific as fewer
organisms fit into any
one group
14. • The grouping of organisms into
KINGDOMS is based on 3 factors:
– 1. Cell Type (prokaryotic or eukaryotic)
– 2. Cell Number (unicellular or
multicellular)
– 3. Feeding Type (autotroph or
heterotroph)
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15. 1. Cell Type- The presence or absence of
cellular structures such as the nucleus,
mitochondria, or a cell wall
Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes
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16. Prokaryotes – Bacteria!
• DO NOT HAVE:
– A nucleus
•Kingdom - Eubacteria
•Prokaryotic –
•Bacteria is unicellular
•Structured organelles – has
a cell wall
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20. 2nd criteria for Kingdom Divisions:
Cell Number
•Unicellular- single celled organism –
protozoans, bacteria, some algae
•Multicellular- many celled organism
–
cells start to
specialize/differentiate
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22. 3rd Criteria for Kingdom Divisions
Feeding Type - How the organisms get their
food
–Autotroph or Producer
Make their own food
–Heterotroph or Consumer
Must eat other organisms to survive
Includes decomposers – those that eat
dead matter!
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24. •
•
•
•
•
Domain - Archaea
Kingdom- Archaebacteria
Prokaryote
Unicellular
Autotrophs
Has a cell wall and
produces asexually
• Ancient bacteria– Live in very harsh
environments
– extremophiles
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25. Domain - Bacteria
•
•
•
•
Kingdom – Eubacteria
Prokaryotic
Made up of one cell
Bacteria can be an autotroph or
an heterotroph
• Bacteria has a cell wall and
produces asexually
• It is the eubacteria that most
people are talking about when
they say bacteria, because they
live in more neutral conditions.
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27. Protists
• Protists include many widely
ranging microbes, including
slime molds, protozoa and
primitive algae.
• There are animal-like,
fungus-like, and plant-like
protists
• Some are beneficial
• Some protists can cause
diseases in humans
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30. Fungi Kingdom
• The Kingdom Fungi
includes some of the
most important
organisms.
• By breaking down
dead organic
material, they
continue the cycle of
nutrients through
ecosystems.
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31. • All fungi are
eukaryotic
• They may be
unicellular or
multicellular
Fungi
Unicellular
(yeast)
Multicellular
• All fungi have a
cell wall
• Produces
sexually
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32. Fungi
Ringworm
• Fungi can be very
helpful and
delicious
• Many antibacterial
drugs are derived
from fungi
• Fungi also causes a
number of plant
Penicillin
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33. Fungi Nutrition
• All fungi are heterotrophs
- Saprophytes-get their
nutrients from dead organic
matter
- Parasites – absorb from a
host,
eventually killing the
host
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34. Plantae Kingdom
• All plants are
multicellular
• The are all
eukaryotes
with cell walls
• they are
autotrophs
• Plants
reproduce
sexually and
asexually
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35. Animalia Kingdom
All animals are:
-Multicellular: they have a nucleus and
are lacking a cell wall -Heterotrophs
-Reproduce sexually
-Capable of movement at some point
in their lives.
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36. At this point, your Characteristics of Kingdoms Comparison Matrix
is complete
CHECK YOUR WORK
MAKE CORRECTIONS/ADDITIONS AS NEEDED
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Notas del editor
Teacher notes: this should be a review from 6th grade. The purpose of this PowerPoint is to review Domains and Kingdoms and to tie together concepts from this unit. Students will complete a Characteristics of Kingdoms Comparison Matrix as they work through the ppt.
This is to access background knowledge from elementary school. Students should remember plants, animals, bacteria etc.
You are introducing students to the whole taxonomic system, but (6.12D) focuses on only the Domain and Kingdom.
Biology will cover the remainder of the classification system categories ( Phylum-Species), our job is to build a strong foundational knowledge of what determines the Domain and Kingdom an organism will be placed in.
Students will need to begin using their Characteristics of Kingdom Comparison Matrix (template is in curriculum central)
Placement into kingdoms is based on:
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
Unicellular or multicellular
Autotrophic or heterotopic
Mode of reproduction
