1. Australia

2. National Flag
Great Britain flag
the southern cross • It was chosen in 1901
• In 1954 the flag became legally
recognized as the "Australian
National Flag“
• The flag is a defaced Blue Ensign: a
blue field with the Union Flag in the
canton (upper hoist quarter), and a
large white seven-pointed star known
as the Commonwealth Star in the
lower hoist quarter. The fly contains a
representation of the Southern Cross
The star with six branch represents the six constellation (made up of five white
states of Australia (commonwealth star) stars – one small five-pointed star and
four, larger, seven-pointed stars.)

3. Geography : Major cities
 Canberra (323.056 inhabitants)  Sydney (4.119.190 inhabitants)

4. Geography : Major cities
 Darwin (105.991 inhabitants)  Melbourne (3.744.373 inhabitants)

5. Geography : Major cities
 Brisbane (1.820.400 inhabitants)

6. Geography : Major rivers
Darling
Goulburn
Murray

7. Geography : Mountains
 - Snowy mountains
 The Snowy Mountains are the highest Australian mountain range and contain the Australian
mainland's highest mountain, Mount Kosciuszko, which reaches 2228 metres AHD. They are
located in southern New South Wales and are part of the larger Australian Alps and the Great
Dividing Range.
 - Australian Alps
 The Australian Alps are the highest mountain ranges of mainland Australia. They are located
in south-eastern Australia, straddling far southern New South Wales and eastern Victoria. The
Alps contain the Australian mainland's only peaks exceeding 2,000 metres and the only place
that snow occurs regularly. The Snowy Mountains in New South Wales are part of the Alps.
 - Mount Lofty Ranges
 The Mount Lofty Ranges are the range of mountains to the east of Adelaide in South Australia,
stretching from the southernmost point of the Fleurieu Peninsula at Cape Jervis northwards for
over 300 kilometres before petering out north of Peterborough. In the vicinity of Adelaide, they
separate the Adelaide Plains from the extensive plains that surround the Murray River and
stretch eastwards to Victoria.
 - Gammon Ranges
 The Gammon Ranges are part of the northern Flinders Ranges, immediately southwest of and
adjacent to Arkaroola Sanctuary. They encompass some of the most rugged and spectacular
country in South Australia.
 The central ranges are of a different topographical nature to the rest of the Flinders, being
composed of roughly flat-lying strata, creating a high plateau into which spectacular gorges
have been cut, instead of the buckled and folded strata further south which lead to the
ubiquitous cuestas of Wilpena Pound.

8. Geography : Mountains

9. Geography : lakes
 - Lake Eyre (9.500 km²)
 Lake Eyre is the lowest point in Australia, at approximately 15 m below sea level, and, on the rare
occasions that it fills, the largest lake in Australia. It is the focal point of the vast Lake Eyre Basin
and is found some 700km north of Adelaide.
 - Lake Mackay (3.494 km²)
 Lake Mackay is one of hundreds of dry lakebeds scattered throughout Western Australia and the
Northern Territory. The darker areas of the lakebed are indicative of some form of desert vegetation
or algae, some moisture within the soils of the dry lake, and the lowest elevations where pooling of
water occurs.
 - Lake Amadeus (1032 km²)
 Lake Amadeus is a huge salt lake in the area of Uluru (Ayers Rock), located in the SW corner of
Australia's Northern Territory. Due to the aridity of the area, it is usually almost totally dry. In times of
sufficient rainfall, it is part of an east-flowing drainage system that eventually connects to the Finke
River.
 - Lake Gordon (270 km²)
 Lake Gordon is the name of a lake created by the Gordon Dam on the upper reaches of the Gordon
River in central Tasmania.
 The lake was created in the early 1970s for hydroelectric power by the Hydro Electricity
Commission. It was one of the largest and most controversial hydro-electric power schemes in
Tasmania.
 - Lake Torrens (5.745 km²)
 Lake Torrens is a 5,700 square kilometer endorheic saline rift lake in South Australia. It forms part of
the same rift valley that includes Spencer Gulf to the south and is approximately 240 km long. It is in
the Lake Torrens National Park, and a permit is required to visit. Lake Torrens is usually a dry salt
flat.

11. Geography : coastlines
 Coastline:
 The coastline of Australia measures some 25,760 km. It is
generally regular, with few bays or capes. The largest inlets are
the Gulf of Carpentaria in the north and the Great Australian Bight
in the south. The several fine harbours include those of Sydney,
Hobart, Port Lincoln, and Albany.
 The Great Barrier Reef is the largest known coral formation in the
world. It extends some 2,010 km along the eastern coast of
Queensland from Cape York in the north to Bundaberg in the
south. The chain of reefs forms a natural breakwater along the
coast for vessels of modest size but is sometimes hazardous for
larger ships.
 Neighbouring countries:
 Australia is an island, so it’s surrounded by the Indian and the
Pacific Ocean. The nearest countries are New Zealand,
Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.

12. Aesthetic Aspects :
architecture and buildings
The Sydney Opera
House (Sydney, New
South Wales)
Designed by Jørn Utzon, a
Danish architect, the
Sydney Opera House is
one of the most distinctive
and famous 20th century
buildings, and one of the
most famous performing
arts venues in the world.

13. Aesthetic Aspects :
architecture and buildings
The great stade
built for the
Olympic games,
in Sydney.

14. Aesthetic Aspects :
architecture and buildings
Royal Exhibition
Building (Melbourne)
The Royal Exhibition
Building was constructed
in 1880 to house
Australia's first
international exhibition of
cultural, technological,
and industrial
achievements. The
design reflected
Melbourne's position as
a prosperous city
basking in the wealth
from the richest gold rush
in the world.

15. Aesthetic Aspects :
architecture and buildings
Queenslander (or Old
Queenslander)
architecture is an
architectural style
common throughout
Queensland, Australia.
It is also found in the
northern parts of the
adjacent state of New
South Wales.

16. Aesthetic Aspects :
architecture and buildings
In the city
center, there
are a lot of
height
buildings.

17. Tourism
 Tourism:
 Tourism grew rapidly in the late 20th century, and it now
represents one of the most dynamic sectors in the
Australian economy, accounting for more than 500,000
jobs in the late 1990s. International tourism received a
major boost from the highly successful Summer Olympic
Games hosted in Sydney in 2000. Australia had 5 million
visitors in 2005.
 The strong growth in domestic tourism has tapped the
expanding range of attractions in each state and territory
—amusement and theme parks, zoos, art galleries and
museums, certain mines and factories, national parks,
historic sites, and wineries.

18. Tourist destinations
 Sydney
 Bondi Beach
 Natural reserv of
Featherdale

19. Tourist destinations: Blue
Mountains

20. Tourist destinations : The
Willandra Lakes
 The Willandra Lakes
Region is a World
Heritage Site that
covers 2,400 square
kilometres in south-
western New South
Wales.
 The Region has
important natural and
cultural values
including exceptional
examples of past
human civilization
including the Worlds
oldest cremation site.
A small section of the
Region is protected
by the Mungo
National Park.

21. Tourist Destinations : the
Great Barrier Reef
Satellite image of part of the Great Barrier Reef
adjacent to the Queensland coastal areas of
Proserpine and Mackay.
Starfish on coral - typically, tourists
photograph the natural beauty of the reef.

22. History
James Cook National Maritime Museum,
United Kingdom Nathaniel Dance
Captain James Cook (27 October 1728 –
14 February 1779) was an English
explorer, navigator and cartographer.
Ultimately rising to the rank of Captain in
the Royal Navy, Cook was the first to map
Newfoundland prior to making three
voyages to the Pacific Ocean during which
he achieved the first European contact
with the eastern coastline of Australia
and the Hawaiian Islands as well as the first
recorded circumnavigation of New Zealand.
National Maritime Museum, United Kingdom Nathaniel Dance.

23. History
 William Dampier
(baptised 5 September
1651 – died March
1715) was an English
buccaneer, sea captain,
author and scientific
observer. He was the
first Englishman to
explore or map parts of
New Holland (Australia)
and New Guinea. He
was the first person to
circumnavigate the
world three times.

24. History : the gold rush
The gold discovery in
1980 years changed
fundamentaly the
social and economic
structures.
Gold rush : The Super Pit in Kalgoorlie,
Australia's largest open cut gold mine

25. An example of an historic
district : the Rocks (Sydney)
The Rocks is an inner-
city suburb, tourist
precinct and historic area
of Sydney, in the state of
New South Wales,
Australia. It is located on
the southern shore of
Sydney Harbour,
immediately north-west
of the Sydney central
business district and is
part of the local
government area of the
City of Sydney.

26. Cultural Aspects
 Pastime
 The Australian mainland has been inhabited for more than
42,000 years by Indigenous Australians. After sporadic visits
by fishermen from the north and by European explorers and
merchants starting in the 17th century.
 But in 1606, the Spanish called Luis de Torres discovered
Australia but he never lived there. It’s just 82 years later that
the British conquered West Australia. It’s really in 1788 that
the English started to live there and started commerce.
 As the population grew and new areas were explored, another
five largely self-governing Crown Colonies were established
during the 19th century.
 On 1 January 1901, the six colonies became a federation, and
the Commonwealth of Australia was formed.

27. Cultural Aspects : Customs, traditions,
rituals
Since 1788, the primary basis of Australian culture has been Anglo-Celtic, although distinctive
Australian features had been evolving from the environment and indigenous culture. At this time, we
can say that Australian culture is strongly influenced by the American culture (particularly cinema and
television).
The indigenous cultures are transmitted orally and are closely tied to ceremony.
-Australian Aboriginal music, dance and art have a palpable
influence on contemporary Australian visual and performing arts
-Australian literature has also been influenced by the landscape
-Australian English is a major variety of the language; its
grammar and spelling are largely based on those of British
English, overlaid with a rich vernacular of unique lexical items
and phrases, some of which have found their way into Standard
English.
Sport plays an important part in Australian culture, assisted by a climate that favors outdoor
activities; 23.5% Australians over the age of 15 regularly participate in organized sporting activities.
Religion: they are essentially Christians (Catholics and orthodoxies)
Languages: the mother language is English but they also speak a little bit Anglo Australian and
Chinese.
Advance Australia fair: it was created in April 1984.
Australia day: it’s the English arrival in Sydney the 26th January in 1788.

28. Cuisine
Vegemite on toast. It is a dark brown,
savoury food paste made from yeast
extract, used mainly as a spread on
sandwiches, toast and cracker
biscuits, as well as a filling of pastries
like Cheesymite scroll
The Chiko Roll or CHIKO Roll is an
Australian savoury snack developed by
Francis McEncroe, a boilermaker from
Bendigo, and first appeared at the
Wagga Wagga Show in 1951. It was
inspired by the Chinese Egg roll and
spring rolls and was designed to be
able to be eaten with one hand whilst
drinking a beer with the other.

29. Cuisine
 The basic formula for a
sausage roll is generally a
sheet of puff pastry sliced into
two and wrapped into tubes
around a filling based on
sausage meat, blended with
softer ingredients such as
soaked bread, onion and egg,
before being cooked. They
can be served either hot or
cold.
 An Australian meat pie is a
hand-sized pie containing
largely minced meat and gravy
and often consumed as a
takeaway food snack.

30. Cuisine
A pie floater is a meal served at pie carts in
Adelaide and elsewhere in South Australia. It was
once more widely available in other parts of
Australia but its popularity waned. It consists of the
traditional Australian meat pie covered with tomato
sauce (similar to ketchup), sitting, usually inverted,
in a plate of thick green pea soup.
Meat and three veg is a staple of rural cuisine
throughout the world. Often, the menu is set,
and in some places, affixed to the wall. The
menu is usually Prix Fixe; the price is the same
no matter what selections are made. While
similar to the blue plate special, blue plate
specials can deviate from this format to be
anything the management desires to feature.
The fundamental philosophy of an affordable
yet filling meal is the same.

31. Population

32. Emigration
 Immigrations:
 The United Kingdom and Ireland were
traditionally the principal countries of origin
for the majority of immigrants to Australia.
Since World War II however, Australia’s
population has become more ethnically
diverse as people have immigrated from a
wider range of countries. In 2000 only 39
percent of new arrivals came from those
major English-speaking countries. From
1995 to 2000, people from New Zealand
constituted 18 percent of total immigration;
those from the United Kingdom, 11
percent; China, 8 percent; the former
Yugoslavia (overwhelmingly refugees and
asylum seekers), 7 percent; South Africa, 5
percent; and India, 4 percent. These six
principal countries of birth represented
about 53 percent of total immigration during
those years. People of European descent
constitute about 91 percent of Australia’s
population.

33. Economic Forecast
Australia has a prosperous
Western-style capitalist
economy, with a per capita
GDP on par with the four
dominant West European
economies.
Rising output in the domestic
economy has been offsetting
the global slump, and
business and consumer
confidence remains robust.
GDP’s structure in Australia in 2003.

34. Economic Forecast
White : telephones Blue : Cell-phones Red : Internet

35. Economic Forecast

36. Resources
 Australia is rich in mineral resources,
notably bauxite, coal, diamonds, gold,
iron ore, mineral sands, natural gas,
nickel, petroleum, and uranium.
Readily cultivable farmland is at a
premium because much of the land is
desert.
Iron ore

37. Relations Australiaforeign
countries
 Since a long time Australia‘s foreign relations have
been driven by close associations with the UNITED
–STATES through the ANZUS pact. Australia has a
strong desire to develop relationships with Asia and
the Pacific by an association called ASEAN and the
PACIFIC ISLANDS FORUM.
 Australia is also a member of the Commonwealth of
Nations. Australia has pursued the cause of
international trade liberation. Australia is a founding
member of the United Nations and maintains an
international aid programme under which 60
countries receive assistance.

38. Trade links : imports / exports

39. Trade links : agricultural

40. Political Issues
 Since the 1 January 1901, the six
old colonies are a federation, and
the Commonwealth of Australia is
formed. Australia has now a
stable liberal democratic political
system and remains a
Commonwealth Realm. There are
three branches in the
government:
 the legislature:
 The executive:
 The judiciary:
Canberra
 There are three major
political parties: The capital city is Canberra, located in the
 The Australian Labor Australian Capital Territory.
Party Each territories have is own governor which is
 The Liberal Party designed by the queen and its government
 The National Party. formed from 12 to 17 ministers.

41. Infrastructures
The Trains Transportation:
Railways: total:
A historical lack of cooperation 54,652 km
between the states, combined with (3,859 km
sheer distances and a relatively small electrified)
population to service, have left (2004).
Australia with a national rail network
that is relatively slow and used mainly
for freight. As a result, travel between
major cities will not only be faster by
air, but often cheaper as well
depending on the route you wish to
travel. Train travel between cities is,
however, more scenic, and tourists are
likely to see more of Australia
travelling by train than they would
otherwise see.

42. Infrastructures : Railway’s map

43. Infrastructures : airports
 Airports:
450 (2005).
Due to the extremely large
distances involved, flying is a well-
patronised form of travel in
Australia. Fares are generally low,
due to the amount of competition,
and flights depart regularly.
Services along the main business
travel corridor ( Melbourne-
Sydney-Brisbane ) are run almost
like a bus service, with flights
leaving every 15 minutes during
the day.
Sydney’s Airport

44. Infrastructures : boats
While Sydney has a fleet of
extremely fun ferries that serve
the population living around the
harbour and boat sports are
popular in many regional
locations, there are very few
inter-city boat services other than
cruise ships. Some exceptions
are the ferries between Palm
Beach on Sydney's Northern
Beaches and the New South
Wales Central Coast; and the
more famous car ferry services to
Devonport in Tasmania departing
from Melbourne.

45. Infrastructures : ports
Australia has got a great number of ports. Some examples :
Port of Brisbane is the shipping
port of Brisbane. It currently is the
third busiest port in Australia and
the nation's fastest growing
container port. It includes the main
shipping channel across the
Moreton Bay which extends 90 km
north to Caloundra and is dredged
to maintain a depth fourteen metres
at the lowest tide.
The Port of Gladstone is the
fifth largest multi cargo port in
Australia and the largest port in
Queensland by volume of goods
handled.

46. Ports in Australia

47. Industrial heritage
 Manufacturing became increasingly export-
oriented in the 1980s and 1990s, and by the end of
the century the proportion of sales made to
overseas markets approached 30 percent of the
total. Principal branches of the manufacturing
sector by value of production are metals and metal
products, food products, transportation equipment,
machinery, chemicals and chemical products,
textiles and clothing, wood and paper products,
and printing, publishing, and recording media.
Despite Australia’s wealth of mineral resources,
mineral processing is limited. Australian car manufacturing
Manufacturing facilities are concentrated in New South Wales (especially in Sydney
and Newcastle), Victoria (primarily in the Melbourne metropolitan area), and secondarily
in the state capitals and main provincial centres. New South Wales is noted for the
production of iron and steel, jet aircraft, construction equipment, synthetic fibres,
electronic equipment, power cables, and petroleum and petrochemical products. In
Melbourne, industrial activity includes the manufacture and assembly of machinery and
motor vehicles and the production of food and clothing. Geelong, located near
Melbourne, is an important industrial center: manufactures include wool, motor vehicles,
smelted aluminium, phosphate fertilizers, and petrochemicals. Tasmanian industry,
assisted by inexpensive hydroelectric power, includes electrolytic zinc mills, paper mills,
and a large confectionery factory.

48. Employment structure

49. Current affairs and future
plans
 -At this moment, all the Australian are preparing the
federal elections which will be the 24th of
November 2007.It’s a real preoccupation of the
country.
 According to the last poll the Australian labor party
would be at the head with 57 %
 -One important event is the high carbon
emissions
 One article from ABC (an Australian television
channel) “The latest figures submitted to the United
Nations show Australia is one of the worst
greenhouse gas emitters in the developed world,
and rapidly getting worse.”