Photo editing

1. Basic
Principles
of photo
editing

2. What is photo editing?
– Photo editing encompasses the processes of
altering images, whether they are digital photographes,
traditional photochemical photographs, or illustrations.
Traditional analog image editing is known as photo
retouching, using tools such as an airbrush to modify
photographs, or editing illustrations with any
traditional art medium.

3. – Graphic software programs, which can be broadly
grouped into vector graphics editors, raster graphics
editors, and 3D modelers, are the primary tools with
which a user may manipulate, enhance, and transform
images. Many image editing programs are also used
to render or create computer art from scratch

4. Basics of image editing
– Raster images are stored in a computer in the form of a grid
of picture elements, or pixels. These pixels contain the
image's color and brightness information. Image editors
can change the pixels to enhance the image in many ways.
However, vector graphics software, such as Adobe
Illustrator,CorelDRAW, Xara Designer Pro or Inkscape, are
used to create and modify vector images, which are stored
as descriptions of lines,Bézier curves, and text instead of
pixels

5. – . It is easier to rasterize a vector image than
to vectorize a raster image; how to go about vectorizing
a raster image is the focus of much research in the field
of computer vision. Vector images can be modified more
easily, because they contain descriptions of the shapes
for easy rearrangement. They are also scalable, being
rasterizable at any resolution.

6. Difference between Raster And
vector images
RASTER
– Raster images use many colored
pixels or individual building blocks
to form a complete image. JPEGs,
GIFs and PNGs are common raster
image types. Almost all of the
photos found on the web and in
print catalogs are raster images.
vector
– Vector images, alternatively, allow
for more flexibility. Constructed
using mathematical formulas
rather than individual colored
blocks, vector file types such as
EPS, AI and PDF* are excellent for
creating graphics that frequently
require resizing.

7. SPOT THE DIFFERENCE
JPEG, PNG,GIF,BMP EPS, SVG

8. SPOT THE DIFFERENCE

9. SPOT THE DIFFERENCE

10. 3D MODELING
– In 3D computer graphics, 3D modeling (or modelling) is the
process of developing a mathematical representation of any three-
dimensional surface of an object (either inanimate or living)
via specialized software. The product is called a 3D model. It can
be displayed as a two-dimensional image through a process
called 3D rendering or used in a computer simulation of physical
phenomena. The model can also be physically created using 3D
printing devices.

11. COMPARISON OF 2D TO 3D

12. IMAGE FORMATS
RASTER
– JPEG (/ˈdʒeɪpɛɡ/ JAY-peg) is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly
for those images produced by digital photography.
– Portable Network Graphics (PNG /ˈpɪŋ/) is a raster graphics file format that supports lossless data
compression. PNG was created as an improved, non-patented replacement for Graphics Interchange
Format (GIF), and is the most used lossless image compression format on the Internet.
– GIF a lossless format for image files that supports both animated and static images.
– The BMP file format, also known as bitmap image file or device independent bitmap (DIB) file format or
simply a bitmap, is a raster graphics image file format used to store bitmap digital images, independently
of the display device (such as a graphics adapter), especially on Microsoft Windows and OS/2 operating
systems

13. IMAGE FORMATS
VECTOR
– Encapsulated Postscript Vector graphics (Adobe Illustrator) EPS is a file extension for a graphics file
format used in vector-based images in Adobe Illustrator. EPSstands for Encapsulated PostScript.
An EPS file can contain text as well as graphics.
– Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format for two-dimensional graphics
with support for interactivity and animation. The SVG specification is an open standard developed by
the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) since 1999. SVG images and their behaviors are defined in
XML text files.

14. IMAGE FORMATS
3D
– .3ds is one of the file formats used by the Autodesk 3ds Max 3D modeling, animation and rendering
software
– .fbx is an exchange format, in particular for interoperability between Autodesk products and other
Digital content creation (DCC) software packages.

15. IMAGE EDITING
FEATURES OF IMAGE EDITORS

16. SELECTION
– One of the prerequisites for many of the applications mentioned below is a method
of selecting part(s) of an image, thus applying a change selectively without affecting the entire
picture. Most graphics programs have several means of accomplishing this, such as:
– a marquee tool for selecting rectangular or other regular polygon-shaped regions,
– a lasso tool for freehand selection of a region,
– a magic wand tool that selects objects or regions in the image defined by proximity of color
or luminance,
– vector-based pen tools,
– as well as more advanced facilities such as edge detection, masking, alpha compositing, and
color and channel-based extraction. The border of a selected area in an image is often
animated with the marching ants effect to help the user to distinguish the selection border
from the image background.

17. SELECTION TOOLS SELECTION (MARCHING ANTS)

18. LAYERS
– Another feature common to many graphics applications is that of Layers, which are
analogous to sheets of transparent acetate (each containing separate elements that
make up a combined picture), stacked on top of each other, each capable of being
individually positioned, altered and blended with the layers below, without affecting
any of the elements on the other layers.

19. MULTIPLE LAYERS

20. IMAGE SIZE
– Image editors can resize images in a process often called image scaling, making them
larger, or smaller. High image resolution cameras can produce large images which are
often reduced in size for Internet use.

21. CROPPING
– Digital editors are used to crop images. Cropping creates a new image by selecting a
desired rectangular portion from the image being cropped. The unwanted part of the
image is discarded. Image cropping does not reduce the resolution of the area
cropped. Best results are obtained when the original image has a high resolution. A
primary reason for cropping is to improve the image composition in the new image.

22. CLONING
– The Clone tool uses the current brush to copy from an image or pattern. It has many
uses: one of the most important is to repair problem areas in digital photos

23. IMAGE ORIENTATION
– Image editors are capable of altering an image to be rotated in any direction and to any
degree. Mirror images can be created and images can be horizontally flipped or
vertically flopped. A small rotation of several degrees is often enough to level
the horizon, correct verticality(of a building, for example), or both. Rotated images
usually require cropping afterwards, in order to remove the resulting gaps at the image
edges.

24. PERSPECTIVE
– the art of drawing solid objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to give the right
impression of their height, width, depth, and position in relation to each other when
viewed from a particular point.

25. SHARPENING AND
SOFTENING
– Sharpening makes images clearer. Too much sharpening causes grains
on the surface of the image.
– Softening makes images softer that removes some of the highly
visible flaws. Too much causes the image to blur.

26. SATURATION
– Saturation is an expression for the relative bandwidth of the visible
output from a light source.
– As saturation increases, colors appear more "pure." As saturation
decreases, colors appear more "washed-out."

27. CONTRAST AND
BRIGHTENING
– contrast of images and brighten or darken the image. Underexposed images can often
be improved by using this feature.
– Brightening lightens the image so the photo brightens up. Brightness is a relative
expression of the intensity of the energy output of a visible light source.
– Adjusting contrast means adjusting brightness because they work together to make a
better image

28. PHOTOMANIPULATION

29. PHOTO MANIPULATION
– Photo manipulation involves transforming or
altering a photograph using various methods and
techniques to achieve desired results. Some photo
manipulations are considered skillful artwork while
others are frowned upon as unethical practices,
especially when used to deceive the public, such as that
used for political propaganda, or to make a product or
person look better.

30. PHOTO MANIPULATION
EXAMPLES

32. IMAGE EDITING &
PHOTOMANIPULATION
DIFFERENCE

33. – PHOTO EDITING
– signifies the regular process
used to enchance photos and
to create them " Actual
editing simple process". Also
Includes some of the regular
programs used for editing
and expose how to use them.
– PHOTO MANIPULATION
– includes all simple editing techniques and have
somme manipulation techniques like erasing,
adding objects, adding some graphical effects,
background correction, creating incredible effect,
change elements in an image, adding styles,
eliminating blemishes from a person's face and
changing the features of a person's body with
unbelievable look
DIFFERENCES

34. SUMMARY
TYPES OF IMAGES
– RASTER ( JPEG, PNG,
GIF, BMP)
– VECTOR (EPS, SVG)
– 3D (.3DS, .FBX)
IMAGE EDITING FEATURES
4S – SELECTION, SHARPENING AND
SOFTENING, SATURATION
2C – CROPPING, CLONING
CONTRAST AND BRIGHTENING
LAYERS
IMAGE SIZE
IMAGE ORIENTATION
PERSPECTIVE