3. Performance testing determines /validates
Speed
Stability
Scalability

4. What we measure:
Response
times
Throughput
Resource
utilization

5. Load testing
Determine a system’s behavior under
normal conditions
anticipated peak load conditions
Used to identify:
 maximum operating capacity
 bottlenecks
 which element is causing degradation

6. Stress testing
Load the system to its breakpoint
Used to identify the system break point
It’s important to monitor how the system breaks and
recovers

7. Volume testing
Testing a system with a certain amount of data. Usually
includes high data and throughput volumes
Endurance testing
Testing a system under load for an extended period of
time to establish stability and behavior under sustained
use

9. Using JMeter to test performance of my web
application while having 100 concurrent logins
It’s not the first login for the user, so that some elements (like images,
css, js) are already cached in browser
1. System Configuration

10. 2. Scenario to register with JMeter: the user logs into application
 Add a Thread Group to the Test Plan





Test Plan - for containing the tests
Thread Group - for representing users
Select Test Plan
Add-> Threads->Thread Group
Add a Recording Controller to the Thread Group
 Controllers – for grouping and applying logic
to test items
 Select Thread Group
 Add -> Logic Controller-> Recording Controller

11.  Add a HTTP Proxy server to the WorkBench
 WorkBench - used for temporary items
Add-> Non-Test Elements -> HTTP Proxy server
configure it to use the recording controller

12.  Configure your browser to use the proxy and start the proxy server

14.  Open the browser, enter address for login page, login with the user
The following HTTP requests are registered into Recording Controller
The login action for a permanent teacher is made by 3 HTTP requests:
 accessing the login page
 entering the credential and the effective login
 redirect action to a default page
The login credentials are automatically saved for the second request,
Which is the effective login step

17. Obs 1: Make sure that you really do the action you think you are
 Check that the login effectively succeeded
For this, add a View Results Tree listener to the Recording controller
 Listeners - for display of data
 Add -> Listener -> View Results Tree
 Re-run the test and look to see the page where we are redirected

18. We can observe that, in fact the login didn’t succeed and we are
still in the login page

19.  Add a HTTP Cache manager to the recording controller and rerun the test
Configuration element - can modify requests
Add-> Config Element-> HTTP Cookie Manager

20.  Add Listeners to see statistics of the execution
First install JMeter Plugins
 From http://jmeter-plugins.org/downloads/all/ download the
JMeterPlugins-1.1.0.zip
 Copy JMeterPlugins.jar file from JMeterPlugins-1.1.0.zip inside
JMETER_INSTALL_DIR/lib/ext, for example to c:jmeterlibext in case
of windows installation
 Restart JMeter and see jp@gc-prefixed plugins in menus

21. Then add the Listeners
 Select Thread Group
 Add -> Listener and add the following listeners:
 Active Threads Over Time
 Transactions per Second
 Response Times vs Threads
 Summary Report

22.  In Thread Group enter the following values and re-run the test
Number of concurrent users = 100
Ramp-up period = 10
Loop Count = 1

23.  The ramp-up period tells JMeter how long to take to "ramp-up" to
the full number of threads chosen
 If 100 threads are used, and the ramp-up period is 10 seconds,
then JMeter will take 10 seconds to get all 100 threads up and
running
 Theoretically, each thread will start 0.1(10/100) seconds after the
previous thread was begun
The ramp-up should be:
 long enough to avoid too large a work-load at the start of a test
 short enough that the last threads start running before the first
ones finish

24. Obs 2: Make sure that you really get the desired load
If we analyze the data, we see that the maximum number of concurrent
threads is 57, not 100!

25. Obs 3: Make sure that the results refer to the entire transaction
 When looking into the other graphs/reports we see that for each of the
three requests is generated a line

26. In Summary Report, for each child request was generated a line
But in this case we are interested by the total time, which refers to the
entire login transaction

27.  We are interested in having 100 concurrent users and to evaluate the
entire login transaction (which is composed by all the three requests)
So we’ll do the following changes:
 In Thread Group check Forever for execution

28.  Select Recording Controller and Change it to Transaction Controller

29.  Select the Transaction Controller, check Generate parent sample and
uncheck the second option, then re-run the test
The statistics in reports refer now to the entire transaction

30.  Wait to obtain 100 concurrent threads in Active Threads Over Time
report, then wait for a while before stopping the execution

31. Observations (after stopping the execution):
 The test has run for about 40 sec
 100 concurrent users were obtained after 10 sec
 The next 30 sec were used to obtain statistics, in different graphics.
The number of users remained 100 until the test was manually stopped
If you consider that the chosen period of time (40 sec) is good enough
to get significant trends then use this value as execution time

32.  In Thread Group enter 40 in Duration(seconds) field and re-run the
tests

33. 3. Analyze the results

34. Active Threads Over Time:
 how many active threads are in each thread group during test run
 Theoretically, each thread will start 0.1(10/100)
seconds after the previous thread was begun
 Practically, the start of each
thread depends on
factors like available resources
(e.g. machine CPU), by the load
created by the other threads and
so on, so that differences may
appear

35. Transactions per second
The load generated by the100 concurent users during 40 seconds
created a number of maximum 16 concurrent transactions/seconds
Obs 4: 100 concurrent users/threads don’t mean 100 concurrent
transactions

36.  The response times vary between 1.5 sec when having 15 active
threads and almost 20 sec when reaching 100 active threads

37. Response Time - Time to last byte
 Time from the moment the request was sent till the last resource is
finished downloading
Response Latency
- Time to first byte
 Time from the moment the request was sent till the first byte of the
first resource is received back

38. Response Time
Response Latency
Time to last byte
Time to first byte

39. Summary Report
 Samples – the number of samples with same label
A sample mean one sampler call, in our case – one login transaction
 Average
 The average time taken to receive the destination web page
(where the user is redirected after login)
 In our case there were 238 values of receiving time which were
added and divided by 238

40.  Min and Max
The minimum and maximum value of time required for receiving the
destination web page
 Std. Dev
How many exceptional cases were found which were deviating from
the average value of the receiving time. The lesser this value more
consistent the time pattern is assumed
Error %
Indicates the percentage of error
Avg. Bytes
Average size of the sample response in bytes

41.  Throughput
 Calculated as requests/unit of time
 The time is calculated from the start of the first sample to the end of
the last sample. This includes any intervals between samples, as it is
supposed to represent the load on the server

42. In our case:
The Average Bytes = 5167.7 Bytes ~ 5.046 KB
 KB/sec = 30.18
Throughput = 30.18 /5.046 ~ 6 requests/seconds
One transaction request has an average size of 5.046 KB and there
were registered 30.18 KB/sec => this means there were about 6
requests per second

43.  Monitor the server resources
Add listener to Thread Group
Add-> Listener-> Perf Monitor Collector
On server configure a Server Agent to retrieve data for the report
http://jmeter-plugins.org/wiki/PerfMonAgent/
CPU: between 77.37% and 100%
Memory: between 27% and 80%
Network I/O : between 0 and 19744 bytes/s

44. Record TestCase
Check operation success
Are you really doing the
action you think you are?
Add reports / graphics
Check the number of
concurrent users
Are you really getting the
desired load?
Check transaction data in
graphics
Are the results referring to
the entire transaction?
Choose the execution time
Re-run tests and analyze
the results

45. Bibliography:
1. http://jmeter-expert.blogspot.ro/
2. http://www.slideshare.net/vivizam/how-to-analyze-reports-in-jmeter
3. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/346788/difference-between-baseline-and-benchmark-inperformance-of-an-application
4. http://www.performancetesting.co.za/Baseline%20Testing.htm
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_testing
6. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8397700/jmeter-response-time-calculation
7. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12303535/meaning-and-calculation-formulas-for-processingtime-latency-and-response-time
8. http://blazemeter.com/blog/load-testing-mobile-apps-made-easy (mobile)
9. https://a.blazemeter.com/node/add/jcs?status=trial&rnd=1380662288 (mobile)
10. http://jmeter-plugins.org/wiki/PerfMonAgent/

46. Please fill in your evaluation form
Performance testing for Web applications with JMeter
Codruta Salomia
codrutasalomia@yahoo.com
12th of October 2013