This paper introduces a new way of delivering local messages to mobile subscribers. Our application presents a mashup from passive monitoring for smart phones and cloud-based messaging for mobile operational systems. Passive monitoring can detect the presence of mobile phones without active participation from the users. It does not require prior calibration, nor does it require mobile users to mark their own location on social networks (like traditional check-ins). Mobile users do not need to run location track applications on their phones the. At the same time, a production-based expert system built around cloud messaging allows interested parties to directly deliver their custom information to mobile users in proximity.

1. Smart Cities Software:
Customized Messages for
Mobile Subscribers
Manfred Sneps-Sneppe Ventspils University College
manfreds.sneps@gmail.com
Dmitry Namiot Lomonosov Moscow State University
dnamiot@gmail.com
WIFLEX 2013

2. • A new model for local area messaging based on
the network proximity.
• Our mobile mashup combines Wi-Fi proximity
measurements with Cloud Messaging.
• Passive Wi-Fi monitoring can determine the
location of mobile subscribers (mobile phones)
without the active participation of mobile users.
• Cloud Messaging delivers notifications to local
subscribers
About

3. Contents
Introduction
Passive Wi-Fi monitoring
Cloud Messaging
Local area messaging mashup
Conclusion

4. Passive Wi-Fi monitoring
• Wi-Fi probe request
• Client (even not
connected) can send
requests to AP
• AP can analyze
requests
• We can collect MAC-
addresses for clients

5. Advantages and disadvantages
for passive monitoring
• It does not require special mobile applications
• For mobile users it works automatically and
transparently
• It is anonymous monitoring. MAC address is
used for re-identification only. It could be
replaced with some hash-code (privacy)
• It is not 100% reliable. There is no warranty
that Wi-Fi client will send probe request. Our
own experiments and references show 70%-80%
detection rate.

6. Passive monitoring examples
Navizon

7. Passive monitoring examples.
Cisco MSE

8. Cisco Meraki

9. Passive monitoring examples.
Libelium

10. Examples: visits per hour

11. Examples: devices

12. Cloud Messaging
• Cloud infrastructure
from vendor
• Google, Apple,
Microsoft, Nokia –
own cloud based
infrastructures for
notifications
• Google message: 4
Kb payload delivery

13. Google Cloud Messages

14. Key moments for Cloud Messaging
• Application registers with Cloud Messaging
• Application provides a key from Cloud
Messaging server (subscribes) to the particular
application (Sender)
• Sender saves keys and uses them later for
delivering notifications
• Key moment – subscription is activated from the
mobile application on the particular phone.

15. Key moments for mashup
• Let us extend the subscription process
• Mobile application (mobile phone, actually)
will provide a key for notification and MAC-
address for identification
• Sender can compare saved MAC-
addresses with the MAC-addresses,
collected by the passive monitoring
• Key idea: get subscribers who are nearby
at this moment

16. Key moments for mashup - 2
• Sender can deliver notifications to those,
who are nearby only.
• It is real-time detection
• MAC-address is used for the re-
identification only. So, it could be replaced
with some hash-code (privacy)

17. Use cases
• Proximity marketing
• Deliver local area messages in retail
• Hyper-local news delivery in campuses.
Tested in Lomonosov Moscow State
University
• Smart Cities information delivery

18. Proximity <> Location
• Proximity here is the network proximity.
• The location for nodes could be unknown
• The location for Wi-Fi access points could be
changed. E.g., hot spot right on the mobile phone
• Proximity based data could be more precise
(especially for indoor)
• In other words: the proposed approach could not be
replaced one by one with some geo-fence with push
notifications. Proximity is not equal to location.

19. Conclusion
• A new mashup based on passive Wi-Fi monitoring forA new mashup based on passive Wi-Fi monitoring for
mobile devices and cloud based notifications.mobile devices and cloud based notifications.
• Passive monitoring uses probe requests from Wi-FiPassive monitoring uses probe requests from Wi-Fi
specifications for detecting nearby clients.specifications for detecting nearby clients.
• Notification module uses cloud messaging (pushNotification module uses cloud messaging (push
notifications) from mobile operational systems.notifications) from mobile operational systems.
• This application does not publish location info in theThis application does not publish location info in the
social network (it is not a check-in).social network (it is not a check-in).
• Custom messages will target online subscribers inCustom messages will target online subscribers in
the nearby area only.the nearby area only.

20. About us
International team: Russia - LatviaInternational team: Russia - Latvia ((Moscow –Moscow –
Riga – VentspilsRiga – Ventspils).). Big history of developingBig history of developing
innovative telecom and software services,innovative telecom and software services,
international contests awardsinternational contests awards
Research areas are:Research areas are:
open API for telecom,open API for telecom,
web access for telecom data,web access for telecom data,
Smart Cities,Smart Cities,
M2M applications, context-aware computingM2M applications, context-aware computing..