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Land claims in 1750
• Predict the problem
for the English as
more and more and
more and more
immigrants come
over… how much
land do they have?
What might they do?
Essential Questions
• What were the underlying tensions leading
to the French and Indian War?
• What was the immediate cause of the
clash?
• What were the short and long-term effects
of the war?
Review
• English were coming to the colonies for an
opportunity to own ___________
– Feared that if there was a shortage of land it
would be difficult for men to secure their
independence by owning private property
• There wasn’t enough land as more and
more Englishmen were coming over
– They were confined to __________ coast but
were moving west onto territory claimed by
both the _________ and ____________
Underlying Tensions
• Long term power struggle between 2
world powers in Europe, ______ and
_____. Mercantilism = competition for
_______ in the New World in order to
build your country’s power
• Increased English immigration 
________. English begin moving onto
French territory
• Native Americans feel _________
about their experiences with the
British. Native Americans have a
better relationship with the French
• 23-year old Virginia
militia Major George
Washington, is sent
to Fort Dusquense
with a message for
the French to GET
OUT!
His Demand Was
Fort Necessity
How does this image of warfare compare
with the image of the Native Americans
at Fort Necessity?
British
General
Edward
Braddock @
Fort
Duquesne
BritishBritish
• March in formation orMarch in formation or
bayonet charge.bayonet charge.
• Officers wanted toOfficers wanted to
take charge of colonials.take charge of colonials.
• Stuffy BritishStuffy British
officers with servantsofficers with servants
& tea settings.& tea settings.
• Drills & toughDrills & tough
discipline.discipline.
• Colonists should payColonists should pay
for their own defense.for their own defense.
• Guerilla tactics.Guerilla tactics.
• Militias servedMilitias served
under own captains.under own captains.
• No protocols observed.No protocols observed.
• Resistance to risingResistance to rising
taxes.taxes.
• Casual,Casual,
non-professionals.non-professionals.
Methods ofMethods of
Fighting:Fighting:
MilitaryMilitary
Organization:Organization:
MilitaryMilitary
Discipline:Discipline:
Finances:Finances:
Demeanor:Demeanor:
British-American ColonialBritish-American Colonial
TensionsTensions
ColonialsColonials
Problems for Britain
• In the early stages of the war, the British were LOSING
badly.
• When Washington warned the British general Braddock
that the bright red uniform and battle tactics of the British
regular troops may make them easy targets for the
Native American forces, Braddock scoffed saying that
maybe the Natives were formidable [difficult] forces for
the “raw” colonial militias to defeat but “upon the King’s
disciplined regular troops, it is impossible that they
should make any impression.”
– What does the quote above tell you about the attitude of the
British about their enemies? What problems might this pose for
the British forces?
• French victory at Fort William Henry
• The English begin winning the war in
1758. What do you think the English
changed with regard to their strategy?
Any other reasons for why the French
started losing?
Albany Plan of Union
• English officials suggest
that colonies unite for
the purpose of
protection
• Albany Conference
– Albany Plan is drafted in
June 1754 but was
rejected!
• So why is this
significant?
America’s First Political Cartoon
• Drawn by Ben Franklin
during French and Indian
War, but used during
Revolution. (Remember
that the colonies were in
no way, shape or form
united at this point!)
• What symbols are used?
• What is the artist’s point
of view?
• What is the overall
message?
Treaty of Paris
France -->France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most oflost her Canadian possessions, most of
her empire in India, and claimsher empire in India, and claims
to lands east of the Mississippi River.to lands east of the Mississippi River.
Spain (side with French) -->Spain (side with French) --> got all Frenchgot all French
lands west of the Mississippi River, Newlands west of the Mississippi River, New
Orleans, but lost Florida to England.Orleans, but lost Florida to England.
England -->England --> got all French lands in Canada,got all French lands in Canada,
exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, andexclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and
commercial dominance in India.commercial dominance in India.
17631763  Treaty of Paris EndsTreaty of Paris Ends
French & Indian WarFrench & Indian War
DO NOW
• The war cost the British government a lot of
money. British military were being sent over to
the colonies to protect their new territory gained
from France.
– Predict what the British government might do to pay
for their new expenses and the debt from the war
– Predict how the colonists will react, knowing what you
know about the 100 years of salutary neglect (kids
growing up without any rules being enforced)
Land Claims in 1763
1.1. It increased her colonial empire inIt increased her colonial empire in
the Americas.the Americas.
2.2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt.It greatly enlarged England’s debt.
3.3. Britain’s contempt for theBritain’s contempt for the
colonials created bitter feelings.colonials created bitter feelings.
Therefore, England felt that aTherefore, England felt that a
major reorganization of hermajor reorganization of her
American EmpireAmerican Empire was necessary!was necessary!
Effects of the WarEffects of the War
on Britain?on Britain?
1.1. It united them against aIt united them against a
common enemy for the firstcommon enemy for the first
time.time.
2.2. It created a socializingIt created a socializing
experience for all theexperience for all the
colonials who participated.colonials who participated.
3.3. It created bitter feelingsIt created bitter feelings
towards the British thattowards the British that
would only intensify.would only intensify.
Effects of the War on theEffects of the War on the
American ColonialsAmerican Colonials
Proclamation of 1763
• Declaration by the British
government that forbade
American colonists from
settling west of the
Appalachians (on the new
land gained from the war)
• What do you think was
the PURPOSE of this
declaration?
Rethinking Their EmpireRethinking Their Empire
• British government tries to prevent
rampant smuggling
• 1760s – Writs of Assistance
– British customs officials could now search any
ship or building
– Bostonians are outraged!
Chief Pontiac
- Resistance
- Small Pox
Lasting effects
• Effectively ended French influence
in North America. England gained
massive amounts of land and vastly
strengthened its hold on the
continent.
• Hurt relationships between the
English and Native Americans;
• Major role in worsening relationship
between England and its colonies,
eventually leading into the
Revolutionary War.

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French and indian war (1)

  • 1. Land claims in 1750 • Predict the problem for the English as more and more and more and more immigrants come over… how much land do they have? What might they do?
  • 2. Essential Questions • What were the underlying tensions leading to the French and Indian War? • What was the immediate cause of the clash? • What were the short and long-term effects of the war?
  • 3. Review • English were coming to the colonies for an opportunity to own ___________ – Feared that if there was a shortage of land it would be difficult for men to secure their independence by owning private property • There wasn’t enough land as more and more Englishmen were coming over – They were confined to __________ coast but were moving west onto territory claimed by both the _________ and ____________
  • 4. Underlying Tensions • Long term power struggle between 2 world powers in Europe, ______ and _____. Mercantilism = competition for _______ in the New World in order to build your country’s power • Increased English immigration  ________. English begin moving onto French territory • Native Americans feel _________ about their experiences with the British. Native Americans have a better relationship with the French
  • 5. • 23-year old Virginia militia Major George Washington, is sent to Fort Dusquense with a message for the French to GET OUT!
  • 8. How does this image of warfare compare with the image of the Native Americans at Fort Necessity? British General Edward Braddock @ Fort Duquesne
  • 9. BritishBritish • March in formation orMarch in formation or bayonet charge.bayonet charge. • Officers wanted toOfficers wanted to take charge of colonials.take charge of colonials. • Stuffy BritishStuffy British officers with servantsofficers with servants & tea settings.& tea settings. • Drills & toughDrills & tough discipline.discipline. • Colonists should payColonists should pay for their own defense.for their own defense. • Guerilla tactics.Guerilla tactics. • Militias servedMilitias served under own captains.under own captains. • No protocols observed.No protocols observed. • Resistance to risingResistance to rising taxes.taxes. • Casual,Casual, non-professionals.non-professionals. Methods ofMethods of Fighting:Fighting: MilitaryMilitary Organization:Organization: MilitaryMilitary Discipline:Discipline: Finances:Finances: Demeanor:Demeanor: British-American ColonialBritish-American Colonial TensionsTensions ColonialsColonials
  • 10. Problems for Britain • In the early stages of the war, the British were LOSING badly. • When Washington warned the British general Braddock that the bright red uniform and battle tactics of the British regular troops may make them easy targets for the Native American forces, Braddock scoffed saying that maybe the Natives were formidable [difficult] forces for the “raw” colonial militias to defeat but “upon the King’s disciplined regular troops, it is impossible that they should make any impression.” – What does the quote above tell you about the attitude of the British about their enemies? What problems might this pose for the British forces?
  • 11. • French victory at Fort William Henry • The English begin winning the war in 1758. What do you think the English changed with regard to their strategy? Any other reasons for why the French started losing?
  • 12. Albany Plan of Union • English officials suggest that colonies unite for the purpose of protection • Albany Conference – Albany Plan is drafted in June 1754 but was rejected! • So why is this significant?
  • 13. America’s First Political Cartoon • Drawn by Ben Franklin during French and Indian War, but used during Revolution. (Remember that the colonies were in no way, shape or form united at this point!) • What symbols are used? • What is the artist’s point of view? • What is the overall message?
  • 15. France -->France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most oflost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in India, and claimsher empire in India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi River.to lands east of the Mississippi River. Spain (side with French) -->Spain (side with French) --> got all Frenchgot all French lands west of the Mississippi River, Newlands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England.Orleans, but lost Florida to England. England -->England --> got all French lands in Canada,got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, andexclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance in India.commercial dominance in India. 17631763  Treaty of Paris EndsTreaty of Paris Ends French & Indian WarFrench & Indian War
  • 16. DO NOW • The war cost the British government a lot of money. British military were being sent over to the colonies to protect their new territory gained from France. – Predict what the British government might do to pay for their new expenses and the debt from the war – Predict how the colonists will react, knowing what you know about the 100 years of salutary neglect (kids growing up without any rules being enforced)
  • 18. 1.1. It increased her colonial empire inIt increased her colonial empire in the Americas.the Americas. 2.2. It greatly enlarged England’s debt.It greatly enlarged England’s debt. 3.3. Britain’s contempt for theBritain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings.colonials created bitter feelings. Therefore, England felt that aTherefore, England felt that a major reorganization of hermajor reorganization of her American EmpireAmerican Empire was necessary!was necessary! Effects of the WarEffects of the War on Britain?on Britain?
  • 19. 1.1. It united them against aIt united them against a common enemy for the firstcommon enemy for the first time.time. 2.2. It created a socializingIt created a socializing experience for all theexperience for all the colonials who participated.colonials who participated. 3.3. It created bitter feelingsIt created bitter feelings towards the British thattowards the British that would only intensify.would only intensify. Effects of the War on theEffects of the War on the American ColonialsAmerican Colonials
  • 20. Proclamation of 1763 • Declaration by the British government that forbade American colonists from settling west of the Appalachians (on the new land gained from the war) • What do you think was the PURPOSE of this declaration?
  • 21. Rethinking Their EmpireRethinking Their Empire • British government tries to prevent rampant smuggling • 1760s – Writs of Assistance – British customs officials could now search any ship or building – Bostonians are outraged!
  • 23. Lasting effects • Effectively ended French influence in North America. England gained massive amounts of land and vastly strengthened its hold on the continent. • Hurt relationships between the English and Native Americans; • Major role in worsening relationship between England and its colonies, eventually leading into the Revolutionary War.

Notas del editor

  1. Underlying Tensions Long term power struggle between 2 world powers in Europe, ______ and _____ Mercantilism = competition for _______ in the New World in order to build your country’s power Increased English immigration  ________ Native Americans feel _________ about their experiences with the British. Native Americans have a better relationship with the French
  2. French soldiers captured several English trading posts and built Fort Duquense to defend their territory 1753: a young Virginian, Major George Washington, headed to the Ohio region to deliver a message to a French Captain demanding that French troops leave the territory.
  3. In 1754, Washington and a small force of Virginia militiamen marched to the Ohio Country to drive the French out. Fort Duquesne was too strong to capture retreated and built Fort Necessity. He also hoped to convince native people that England was the stronger force, so that they would ally with the British rather than the French. French soldiers and their native allies overwhelmed Fort Necessity on July 3, 1754, marking the start of the “French and Indian War” in North America. French made them promise they would not build another fort west of the Appalachian Mountains for at least a year. War not officially declared until 1756
  4. Ethnocentric view of English – do they feel that the Native Americans are a threat?
  5. For the first three years of the war, the outnumbered French dominated the battlefield, soundly defeating the English in battles at Fort Oswego and Ticonderoga. Perhaps the most notorious battle of the war was the French victory at Fort William Henry , which ended in a massacre of British soldiers by Indians allied with the French. The tide turned for the British in 1758, as they began to make peace with important Indian allies William Pitt began adapting their war strategies to fit the territory and landscape of the American frontier. Exhausted by years of battle, outnumbered and outgunned by the British, the French collapsed during the years 1758-59, climaxing with a massive defeat at Quebec in September 1759.
  6. Aware of the hard times that war could put on the colonies, English officials suggested a "union between ye Royal, Proprietary & Charter Governments.“ June 1754 delegates from most of the northern colonies and representatives from the Six Iroquois Nations met in Albany, New York. They decided on a "plan of union" drafted by Benjamin Franklin. Under this plan each colonial legislature would elect delegates to an American continental assembly presided over by a royal governor. Iroquois refused alliance but did agree to remain neutral Colonies agreed to appoint one supreme commander of all troops Colonies rejected proposal that colonies unite to form a federal government but … what does this show?
  7. The Treaty that officially ended the French and Indian War. British gained control over the area west of the 13 British Colonies all the way to the Mississippi River. French agreed to give up any colonies in North America, including all of Canada. Since Spain had helped the French, they were forced to give up Florida but retained Cuba and the Phillipines. As compensation for losing FL, Spain gains New Orleans and western Louisiana.
  8. Although the war with the French ended in 1763, the British continued to fight with the Indians over the issue of land claims. "Pontiac's War" flared shortly after the Treaty of Paris was signed