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ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
(AML)
                   Tesoro, Willianne C.
                              DMD-2D
ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
 (AML) is a clonal hematopoietic disorder
  resulting from genetic alterations in normal
  hematopoietic stem cells.
 These changes alter normal hematopoietic
  growth and differentiation, resulting in an
  accumulation of large numbers of
  abnormal, immature myeloid cells in the bone
  marrow and peripheral blood.
 These cells are capable of dividing and
  proliferating, but cannot differentiate into
  mature hematopoietic cells.
 AML is more common in men than women.
 AML is the most common acute leukemia
  affecting adults, and its incidence increases
  with age.
7. tesoro   acute myelogenous leukemia
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
   Fever
   Fatigue
   Loss of appetite
   Weight loss
   Frequent infections
   Shortness of breath
   Weakness
   Swelling of lymph nodes
   Spleen/Liver enlargement
   Pallor
   Easy bleeding and bruising
   Petechiae (red spots) on the mucosa
   Gingival swelling
   Ulcers are often found on the mucosa or gingival
   Oral Candidiasis/Oral thrush
7. tesoro   acute myelogenous leukemia
7. tesoro   acute myelogenous leukemia
DENTAL CORRELATION OF THE DISEASE IN DENTAL
TREATMENT
   Hematological information is needed before any invasive procedures (such as
    extractions )as leukemia patients have higher bleeding tendencies and they are
    liable to infections.
   Preventive oral care is important in leukemia patients. Early intervention is
    important to reduce the possible complications.
      Frequent topical fluoride applications
      Fissure sealants on the molars to reduce dental caries.
      Dietary advice to the patient
      Give proper tooth brushing instructions to both patient and parents.
      Antibiotic cover is needed before any surgery to prevent any postoperative
        infection.
      Local anesthesia should be avoided to prevent any hemorrhagic tendency.
      Root canal treatment is preferred over extractions to reduce the risk for oral
        and systemic complications
      Dental treatment should be performed as a traumatically as possible to
        prevent any injuries to the soft tissues.
      Fixed and removable orthodontic appliances are not recommended for
        patients with poor oral hygiene.
      Preshedding deciduous teeth should be left to exfoliate naturally and patient
        should not play with it with his/her tongue to reduce bacteremia.
      Local measures such as placing sutures, gelatin sponge are required to
        stop/arrest bleeding when a minor/major surgery is performed.
   Leukemia patients should maintain their oral
    hygiene by:
     Brush twice daily using a soft toothbrush to reduce the risk
      of significant bleeding and infection of the gingival.
     Attending the dental appointments regularly to monitor
      their oral condition.
     Remove plaque effectively to prevent formation of

      dental caries
     Rinse after meal to avoid accumulation of plaque/food
      debris
CLASSIFICATION OF AML
   Multifactorial
    -The barriers to curing AML are
    multifactorial, including drug resistance, poor
    tolerance of induction therapy, and very high rates
    of relapse.
   Single Gene
    - The affected people may have a single gene or
    multiple genes in common. In some cases, families
    tend to develop the same kinds of leukemia as
    other members; in other families, affected people
    may develop different forms of leukemia or related
    blood cancers.
   Cytogenetics
    - The translocation t(8;21)(q22;q22) is one of the
    most common structural aberration in acute
    myeloid leukemia and is found in 5-12% of AML

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7. tesoro acute myelogenous leukemia

  • 1. ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (AML) Tesoro, Willianne C. DMD-2D
  • 2. ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA  (AML) is a clonal hematopoietic disorder resulting from genetic alterations in normal hematopoietic stem cells.  These changes alter normal hematopoietic growth and differentiation, resulting in an accumulation of large numbers of abnormal, immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood.  These cells are capable of dividing and proliferating, but cannot differentiate into mature hematopoietic cells.  AML is more common in men than women.  AML is the most common acute leukemia affecting adults, and its incidence increases with age.
  • 4. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS  Fever  Fatigue  Loss of appetite  Weight loss  Frequent infections  Shortness of breath  Weakness  Swelling of lymph nodes  Spleen/Liver enlargement  Pallor  Easy bleeding and bruising  Petechiae (red spots) on the mucosa  Gingival swelling  Ulcers are often found on the mucosa or gingival  Oral Candidiasis/Oral thrush
  • 7. DENTAL CORRELATION OF THE DISEASE IN DENTAL TREATMENT  Hematological information is needed before any invasive procedures (such as extractions )as leukemia patients have higher bleeding tendencies and they are liable to infections.  Preventive oral care is important in leukemia patients. Early intervention is important to reduce the possible complications.  Frequent topical fluoride applications  Fissure sealants on the molars to reduce dental caries.  Dietary advice to the patient  Give proper tooth brushing instructions to both patient and parents.  Antibiotic cover is needed before any surgery to prevent any postoperative infection.  Local anesthesia should be avoided to prevent any hemorrhagic tendency.  Root canal treatment is preferred over extractions to reduce the risk for oral and systemic complications  Dental treatment should be performed as a traumatically as possible to prevent any injuries to the soft tissues.  Fixed and removable orthodontic appliances are not recommended for patients with poor oral hygiene.  Preshedding deciduous teeth should be left to exfoliate naturally and patient should not play with it with his/her tongue to reduce bacteremia.  Local measures such as placing sutures, gelatin sponge are required to stop/arrest bleeding when a minor/major surgery is performed.
  • 8. Leukemia patients should maintain their oral hygiene by:  Brush twice daily using a soft toothbrush to reduce the risk of significant bleeding and infection of the gingival.  Attending the dental appointments regularly to monitor their oral condition.  Remove plaque effectively to prevent formation of dental caries  Rinse after meal to avoid accumulation of plaque/food debris
  • 9. CLASSIFICATION OF AML  Multifactorial -The barriers to curing AML are multifactorial, including drug resistance, poor tolerance of induction therapy, and very high rates of relapse.  Single Gene - The affected people may have a single gene or multiple genes in common. In some cases, families tend to develop the same kinds of leukemia as other members; in other families, affected people may develop different forms of leukemia or related blood cancers.  Cytogenetics - The translocation t(8;21)(q22;q22) is one of the most common structural aberration in acute myeloid leukemia and is found in 5-12% of AML