1. The Civil War
1861-1865

2. The Missouri Debate
• In 1819 Missouri applied to join the Union as a
SLAVE State.
• By 1820 Maine also wanted to join the Union as
a free state
Should it be allowed to join the U.S. as a
SLAVE state even though it is north of the
Ohio River??

3. The Missouri Compromise 1820
• Created by Henry Clay
• Missouri admitted as a
SLAVE state and Maine
is admitted as a FREE
state
• Missouri Compromise
line was drawn along
the latitude line 36°30‘
across the Louisiana
Territory
• Balance of Power in
the Senate stays the
same
• 12 FREE states
• 12 SLAVE states

4. Ohio River

6. The Compromise of 1850
• In 1849, California wanted to join the United States as a FREE
State

7. The Compromise of 1850
•Henry Clay’s plan, The Compromise of 1850 had five main parts:
1. California admitted as a free state
2. Voters in Utah and New Mexico Territory would decide the
slavery question according to popular sovereignty (vote)

8. The Compromise of 1850
3. The slave trade would end in Washington
D.C.
4. Very strict Fugitive Slave Law – All states
would have to help in returning runaway
slaves to their owners
5. Border dispute between Texas and New
Mexico was settled

9. Effects of the Compromises:
• Congress attempts to control the spread of slavery into US
territories while trying to keep a balance of free states and
slave states. It’s not an easy task!
• Compromise of 1850 nullified the Missouri Compromise
• Fugitive Slave Law creates tension between North and South
in enforcing the law.

10. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• In 1852, Harriet
Beecher Stowe wrote
a novel named Uncle
Tom’s Cabin about an
old slave beaten to
death by his owner
and other stories
about slaves and their
lives

11. Effects of Uncle Tom’s Cabin:
• It became very popular
and created strong
emotions against slavery
• In the North many people
were turned against
slavery
• In the South, the book
was hated and criticized

12. Kansas – Nebraska Act 1854
• Stephan Douglas,
Senator from Illinois,
introduced a new law to
open up western territory
to settlers:
– Two new territories are
created: Nebraska
and Kansas
– The settlers in these
territories would
decide on the issue of
slavery by popular
sovereignty (vote)

13. “Bleeding Kansas”
• Anti-slavery people and Pro-slavery
people moved to Kansas to support or
oppose slavery
• The struggle soon turned VIOLENT:
– May 21, 1856: pro-slavery settlers
attacked an anti-slavery town.
– John Brown, an abolitionist, and his
men wanted revenge, so they
attacked a pro-slavery town, killing
five men
• Newspapers started to call the
territory “ Bleeding Kansas ”

14. Effects of The Kansas Nebraska Act
and “Bleeding Kansas”:
• The Republican Party is formed
after the Whig Party splits:
– Northern Whigs form the
Republican Party
– Southern Whigs join the
Democratic Party
• Violence is now used to push
against the spread of slavery
• North fears spread of slavery
into territories.

15. Dred Scott – Slavery Issue Goes to Court
• Dred Scott was a slave
from Missouri.
• After living with his owner
in Wisconsin, a FREE state,
Scott sued in court for his
freedom when he
returned to Missouri.
– He claimed living in
Wisconsin for several
years had made him a
free man

16. Dred Scott Case: Key Questions
1. Was Dred Scott a citizen who had the
right to bring a case to federal court?
2. Did the time Scott spent in Wisconsin
make him a free man?
3. Did Congress even have the POWER and
AUTHORITY to make any laws about
Slavery?
4. Were FEDERAL slavery laws legal under
the Constitution?

17. Effects of the Dred Scott Case:
• Decision 1: Dred Scott could not sue for his freedom
because he WAS NOT AN AMERICAN CITIZEN !!!
 No African American, slave or free, was or could ever be
a citizen
• Decision 2: Missouri Compromise was UNCONTITUTIONAL
and ILLEGAL!!!
 Slaves are property and banning slavery in a territory is
the same as taking property away from owner.
 Congress should be protecting the property rights of
slaveholders not banning slavery

18. Lincoln vs. Douglas Debates
• As a member of the new Republican Party,
Abraham Lincoln ran against Stephan
Douglas for Senator of Illinois.
• During a series of debates they discussed
the issue of slavery
– Douglas argued that under popular
sovereignty, the people should be the ones
to decide if slavery would be allowed in a
state
– Lincoln argued that slavery went against the
Declaration of Independence and that
slaves deserved the same basic rights it
guaranteed.

19. Effects of the Lincoln vs. Douglas
Debates
• Republicans and Democrats line up
along the issue of slavery
• Democrats split over support of
Douglas
– Southern Democrats did not support
him
– Northern Democrats support him
• Abraham Lincoln and The
Republicans gain national recognition
and support.

20. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry
• John Brown led a small militia
to Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
where they took over a federal
arsenal, stole weapons
• Brown was hoping the slaves in
the area would rise up with
him, but they did not.
• The local militia surrounded
and captured him
• He was tried and hanged

21. The Effects of John Brown’s Raid:
• Northerners saw him as a martyr, courageous, crazy but
admirable.
• Southerners saw him as a terrorist and claimed the Republican
Party supported John brown
• John Brown “prophesied” that only bloodshed would rid the
country of slavery.
I John Brown am now quite certain that the crimes of
this guilty, land: will never be purged away; but with Blood. I
had as I now think: vainly flattered myself that with out very
much bloodshed; it might be done.

22. Election of 1860
• Republican candidate: Abraham Lincoln,
representative from Illinois
• Democratic Party is split with different
candidates
• Southern states threaten to secede if
Lincoln in wins election, believing he will
end slavery.

23. Effects of the Election of 1860
• Lincoln easily won and on Dec.
20, 1860 South Carolina voted to
leave the United States, Six more
states followed their lead
• February 1861, The Southern
states that seceded formed the
Confederate States of America
and elected Jefferson Davis as
its first president.

24. Major Events of
the Civil War

25. Election of 1860: Lincoln's First Inaugural Address
• In his 1st Inaugural address he
pledged that there would be no
war unless, the South started it
• His goal is to PRESERVE THE UNION!
• Stop the Spread of Slavery, not
necessarily end it.
He announced “… we are not enemies
, but friends. We must not be enemies .
Though passion may have strained , it
must not break our bonds of affection.

26. South Carolina Secedes from the
Union Dec. 20, 1860
• On December 20, 1860, South
Carolina became the first state
to secede (withdraw) from the
United States
• They call their new nation:
____________________________
and elect _____________________
as their President.

27. Jefferson Davis’ First Inaugural Address
“As a necessity, not a
choice, we have resorted
to the remedy of
separation; and
henceforth our energies
must be directed to the
conduct of our own affairs
and the perpetuity of the
Confederacy which we
have formed.”

28. Presidents and Military
Leaders of the Civil War

29. o 16th President
o Republican
Party
o Wants to
Preserve the
Union.
Abraham Lincoln

30. • Fought in the
Mexican
American War
• Leader of the
Union Army
• Defeated Robert
E. Lee to end Civil
War
• 18th President of US
Ulysses S. Grant

31. o President of
Confederate States
of America
o Fought in the
Mexican American
War
o Was a U.S. Senator
and Secretary of
State
o Believed in States’
Rights
Jefferson Davis

32. • Leader of the
Confederate Army
• Highly experienced
combat engineer
• Graduated top of
class at West Point.
Robert E. Lee

33. Battle of Ft. Sumter
(S. Carolina)
April 12, 1861
• first battle of the Civil War
• Lincoln sent reinforcements to the Union Fort
• Confederate Army attacked the fort and took
control.
• Motived Northerners to join Union Army

34. Battle of Antietam
Sept. 17, 1862
• Union Army suffered many
defeats before this victory
• Bloodiest one day battle
• 23,000 casualties (6,000
dead)
• It was the victory Lincoln was
waiting for to usher in the
Emancipation Proclamation.

37. Emancipation Proclamation Jan. 1863
• Lincoln emancipated ONLY
the slaves in the Confederate
States, not in the Border States.
• He didn’t want to anger the
slave owners in the Union.
• He did this to weaken the
South’s ability to fight
• He waited until the North won
a battle to do the
announcement (Antietam)

38. Battle of Vicksburg
May 1863-July 1863
• Union Victory, first for Ulysses
S. Grant
• Gave Grant reputation of
feared military leader
• Grant and army surround the
Confederates, cutting off
supplies until they
surrendered
• Union gained control of the
Mississippi River splitting the
South.

39. Battle of Gettysburg July 1863
• TURNING POINT OF THE WAR!
• 3 day battle
• Gen. Lee tried to invade the North.
• Terrible Losses 
– 51,000 Casualties
– 7,786 dead

41. Gettysburg Address
Nov. 1863
• Lincoln came to
dedicate a cemetery
for those killed in the
battle
• Speech moved many
to continue fighting
despite the devastation
the war brought.
• Reminded that, “all men
were created equal” and
that they had a
“government of the people,
by the people, for the
people.”

42. Abraham Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address
Jan. 1865
• Gen William Tecumseh Sherman
leads his destructive march
across the South, helping Lincoln
get reelected.
• Lincoln says war will not end until
the guilt of slavery is paid for
• When war is over the nation must
come back together in peace
• “With malice towards none, with
charity for all…let us strive…to
bind up the nation’s wounds…”

43. Lee’s Surrender at
Appomattox Courthouse
April 9, 1865
• Union forces captured the
Confederate capital,
Richmond, VA. and Gen. Lee
was severely outnumbered Lee
surrendered to Gen. Grant and
was allowed to return home.
• The war was over.
• William Carney and Phillip
Bazaar receive Congressional
Medal of Honor
William Carney

44. Abraham Lincoln’s
Assassination April 14, 1865

45. • April 14, 1865 Lincoln attends a
play at Ford’s Theater in
Washington, D.C.
• Actor John Wilkes Booth went
into the President’s box and
shot Lincoln in the head
• Lincoln dies the next morning