Ecosystem components
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An ecosystem consists of the organisms living in a particular area and their relationships with each other and their physical environment. It includes the biocenosis, which is the set of living beings, and the biotope, which is the inorganic physical and chemical elements. Relationships within an ecosystem include those among living beings, such as producers and consumers, and between living beings and their environment. Organisms exhibit adaptations that allow them to survive in their environment.
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Ecosystem components
- 1. ECOSYSTEMS The organisms which live in a particular area, the relationships between them, and their physical environment.
- 2. ECOSYSTEM COMMUNITY OR BIOCENOSIS: the set of living beings BIOTOPE: The inorganic part. Physical and chemical elements RELATIONSHIPS: Among the living beings Betweeen living beings and the environment
- 3. Are they part of the biocenosis or the biotope? • Soil. • Plants. • Wind. • Animals. • Water. • Algae. • Temperature. • Humidity. • Microorganisms. • Light. • Oxygen. • Fungi.
- 5. ECOSYSTEM COMMUNITY OR BIOCENOSIS: the set of living beings BIOTOPE: The inorganic part. Physical and chemical elements RELATIONSHIPS: Producers Consumers Soil Temperature Humidity Light Salinity, etc Among the living beings Betweeen living beings and the environment
- 6. Are they producers or consumers? • Cow. • Zebra. • Lion. • Pine tree. • Rabbit. • Grass. • Crocodile. • Bush. • Eagle. • Fungi. • Daisy.
- 8. Relationship between living beings and their environment. They have special characteristics called ADAPTATIONS
- 9. ADAPTATIONS • It has a thick coat. • It can store water. • It is a good swimmer. • It is white for camouflage. • It produces little urine. • It does not sweat. • Its sandy color provides camouflage • Cold weather (polar bear) • Hot desserts (camel)
- 10. ECOSYSTEM COMMUNITY OR BIOCENOSIS: the set of living beings BIOTOPE: The inorganic part. Physical and chemical elements RELATIONSHIPS: Among the living beings Producers Consumers Soil Temperature Humidity Light Salinity, etc Between the living beings and the environment: ADAPTATION Intraspecic relations Interspecific relations
- 16. Types of interspecific relations (+ -) (+ +) (- -) (+ 0)
- 17. Which type of interspecific relation can you see in this picture?
- 18. Which type of interspecific relation can you see in this picture?
- 20. Which type of interspecific relation is there between cows and bettles?
- 21. Relation between a spider and a grasshopper
- 24. ECOSYSTEM COMMUNITY OR BIOCENOSIS: the set of living beings BIOTOPE: The inorganic part. Physical and chemical elements RELATIONSHIPS: Soil Temperature Humidity Light Salinity, etc Among the living beings Producers Consumers Intraspecic relations Between the living beings and the environment: ADAPTATION Interspecific relations + - Depredation + - Paratism ++ Mutualism - - Competence +0 Comesalism
Notas del editor
- Read the definition and pay attention to the three components of each ecosystems: 1) living beings, 2)environment, 3)relationships. This will be shown on the nexte slide.
- In this slide we repeat the same concepts but the students are learning two new words: biocenosis and biotope. They have to copy the scheme.
- Are they part of the biocenosis or the biotope? Soil (biotope), plants (biocenosis), wind (biotope), animals (biocenosis), water (biotope), algae (biocenosis), temperatura (biotope), humidity (biotope), microorganisms (biocenosis), light (biotope), oxygen (biotope), fungi (biocenosis).
- Can you tell me any component of the biocenosis? (Fish, eagle, algae, plants…) Any component of the biotope? (Sunshine, mild weather, water, slope…)
- Looking at the biocenosis we can distinguish two types of organisms: producers and consumers. Producers are living beings which make their own organic matter using energy from the Sun. Consumers are living beings which cannot produce their own organic matter, so they have to feed on other organisms.
- Are they producers or consumers? Cow (c), zebra (c.), lion (c.), pine tree (p), rabbit (c), grass (p), crocodile (c), bush (p), eagle (c), fungi (c), daisy (p).
- Ask the students to describe this ecosystem in this order: producers, consumers and biotope. Producers: algae. Consumers: fish, two species. Biotope: aquatic ecosystem, water is not very clean and it seems to be moving.
- Adaptation. Crocodile color si similar to water and it moves gently in order its preys cannot see it.
- Match them
- They can go on completing this slide. In this case we’re explaing two types or biotic relations: interspecific and intraspecific. Interspecific relations are interactions among organisms of different species. Intraspecific relations ara interactions among organisms of the same species.
- Are they intraspecific or interspecific relations? Intraspecific. They are two young bears, and they are playing. A familiar relation.
- Are they intraspecific or interspecific relations? Flower and butterfly: an interspecific relation.
- Are they intraspecific or interspecific relations? Bees: an intraspecific relation. They form a society which means work is distributed within the group.
- Are they intraspecific or interspecific relations? Lions and hippopotamus: interspecific relation. This is called “depredation”: lions are predator and hippopotamus is the prey.
- Are they intraspecific or interspecific relations? Chimpanzee. Intraespecific relation. They are helping each other to take out some bugs. This conduct is called grooming.
- We can distinguish several types of biotic relations according to their effect on both organisms. + and – means one species gets a benefit and the other gets a damage. + and + means both get a benefit. And – means the relations is bad for both organisms. + and 0 means one species gets a benefit but the other gets neither benefit nor damage.
- + - + lion, -hippopotamus. This is called depredation (predator and prey).
- (+ +) + for the butterfly that gets nectar and + for the flower because it is being pollinated. This relation is called mutualism (mutual benefit).
- Volture and hyena: - - Competence. They both figth for the food.
- Bettles and cow (+ 0): mutualism
- Relation between spider and grasshopper: + - Depredation.
- Louse and girl. Relation +-. This is called parasitism. It’s similar to depredation (+-) but nobody dies. One species (parasite) lives at the expense of another species (the host).
- ++ Mutualism. The bird gets some food from the sheep and the sheep gets rid of some parasites.
- This slide shows the last concepts you have explained. They have to copy the lower right corner.
- Final task: they write a description of this ecosystem taking into account all the concepts from the diagram. For instance: the biocenosis of this ecosystem includes some bush and trees which are the producers and giraffes, zebras and gazelles which are de consumers. As biotope characteristics we can remark the hot and dry weather, and the flat terrain. All the herbivores are adapted to eat here, most of them eat grass from the floor but giraffes, because of their long necks, can eat leaves from the upper branches of the trees. The relationship between gazelles and zebras is called competence because both look for the same food.