2. Peace and Prosperity Factors
Revitalization of the Church (Crusades)
Agricultural revolution and rise of feudalism
Revival of trade and the urban revolution
Rise of national monarchies
Development of universities
Architecture: cathedrals
and castles
Flying King John
Buttress of England
3. The Crusades 1095-1291 CE
Effects
Reduced internal warring in Europe
Papacy gains prestige as defender of Christendom
Rise of trade in Italy (transporting men, supplies)
Contact with Muslims
New foods, bathing, fine Asian goods
Scientific and cultural knowledge
Islamic learning schools established in France and Spain
6. Trade and Urbanization
Increased
Trade
Rise of
Guilds
M d ie va l
e
Stre e t
Walled City
of
Carcassone,
France
7. Universities
12th century Renaissance
Greek and Roman
classics rediscovered
Universities established
in Bologne, Paris, Oxford
Trivium (grammar, logic,
rhetoric) and
Quadrivium (math,
geometry, music,
astronomy)
Trivium and Quadrivium = the 7 liberal arts Trivium -grammar, logic, rhetoric Quadrivium -math, geometry, music, astronomy
Romanesque -rounded arches -cramped and dark -small windows b/c walls and columns had to be massive to carry weight of entire building Gothic -pointed arches -bigger windows, reduced number of structural supports, opened interior to create sensation of height and light Flying Buttress -bear weight of structure and reduce need for massive walls and thick pillars
Motte & Bailey: -wood structure built on a motte (mound) and protected by timber palisade -motte surrounded by a ditch which separated it from an outer compound (bailey) -second palisade surrounded the bailey -bridge allowed people to cross the ditch