6. DRUGS
-any substance, natural or artificial, other
than food, that by its chemical or physical
nature alters structure or function in the
living organism.
Consciousness
- refers to our awareness of
sensations, thoughts, and other
internal processes.
11. Withdrawal & Dependence
Withdrawal is a term referring to the feelings of
discomfort, distress, and intense craving for a
substance that occur when use of the substance is
stopped.
Dependence Absence of a drug may lead to a
feeling of physical pain, intense cravings and
negative emotions.
12. 12
Misconceptions About Addiction
1. Addictive drugs quickly corrupt.
2. Addiction cannot be overcome voluntarily.
3. Addiction is no different than repetitive
pleasure-seeking behaviors.
15. Depressants
Depressants are drugs that reduce neural activity
and slow body functions. They include:
A. Alcohol
B. Barbiturates
C. Opiates
16. 16
Depressants…
A. Alcohol affects motor skills, judgment, and
memory.
Drinking and Driving
DanielHommer,NIAAA,NIH,HHS
RayNg/Time&LifePictures/GettyImages
17. Why do college students drink?
1. Increases sociability
2. Relieves anxiety or tension
3. Feel elated or euphoric
4. Less inhibited
5. Can go along with friends
6. Different state of consciousness
7. Sexual inhibition
8. Stops worrying
9. Alleviates depression
10. Less self-conscious
18. 18
Depressants…
B. Barbiturates: Drugs that depress the activity of
the central nervous system, reducing anxiety
but impairing memory and judgment.
Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal are some
examples.
20. 20
Stimulants
Stimulants are drugs that excite neural activity and
speed up body functions. Examples of stimulants
are:
1. Caffeine
2. Nicotine
3. Cocaine
4. Ecstasy
5. Amphetamines
6. Methamphetamines
21. 21
2. Stimulants: Caffeine & Nicotine
A & B. Caffeine and nicotine increase heart and
breathing rates and other autonomic functions to
provide energy.
http://www.tech-res-intl.com
http://office.microsoft.com/clipart
22. 22
2. Stimulants:
Why Do People Smoke?
1. People smoke because it is socially rewarding.
2. Smoking is also a result of genetic factors.
RusselEinhorn/TheGammaLiasonNetwork
23. 23
2. Stimulants: Why Do People
Smoke?
3. Nicotine takes away
unpleasant cravings
4. Nicotine itself is
rewarding (positive
reinforcement).
24. 24
2. Stimulants
C. Cocaine
Cocaine induces immediate euphoria followed by a crash.
Crack, a form of cocaine, can be smoked. Other forms of
cocaine can be sniffed or injected.
http://www.ohsinc.com
25. 25
2. Stimulants:
D. Ecstasy
Ecstasy or
Methylenedioxymethamphet
amine (MDMA) is a
stimulant and mild
hallucinogen. It produces a
euphoric high and can
damage serotonin-producing
neurons, which results in a
permanent deflation of mood
and impairment of memory.
GregSmith/APPhotos
30. Influence for Drug Prevention
and Treatment
1.Education about the long-term
costs
2.Efforts to boost people’s self-
esteem and purpose
3.Attempts to modify peer
associations and teaching
refusal skills
Preview Question 10: What are dependence and addiction? Can substance abusers overcome their addictions?
Addictive drugs quickly corrupt: After taking drugs only (perhaps) 10% become addict. Addiction cannot be overcome voluntarily: It can be to a large extent. Addiction not different than repetitive pleasure-seeking behaviors: Indeed. But should we stretch the concept to cover social behaviors?
Preview Question 11: What are depressants, and what are their effects?
Preview Question 12: What are stimulants, and what are their effects?
Preview Question 13: What are hallucinogens, and what are their effects?