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Psychology- Drugs and consciousness
GROUP 5
Psychology
Drugs
and
Consciousness
Psychology- Drugs and consciousness
DRUGS
-any substance, natural or artificial, other
than food, that by its chemical or physical
nature alters structure or function in the
living organism.
Consciousness
- refers to our awareness of
sensations, thoughts, and other
internal processes. 
7
Drugs and Consciousness…
Psychoactive Drug:
A chemical substance that alters perceptions and
mood.
Addiction & Dependence
Addiction
Addiction is a brain disease
identified by components of
physical and psychological
dependence.
10
Addiction & Dependence…
tolerance - the power
of enduring the action of
the drug.
- is one aspect of
physical dependence.
Withdrawal & Dependence
Withdrawal is a term referring to the feelings of
discomfort, distress, and intense craving for a
substance that occur when use of the substance is
stopped.
Dependence Absence of a drug may lead to a
feeling of physical pain, intense cravings and
negative emotions.
12
Misconceptions About Addiction
1. Addictive drugs quickly corrupt.
2. Addiction cannot be overcome voluntarily.
3. Addiction is no different than repetitive
pleasure-seeking behaviors.
Types
of
Psychoactive Drugs
14
Psychoactive drugs are divided into three groups.
1. Depressants
2. Stimulants
3. Hallucinogens
Depressants
Depressants are drugs that reduce neural activity
and slow body functions. They include:
A. Alcohol
B. Barbiturates
C. Opiates
16
Depressants…
A. Alcohol affects motor skills, judgment, and
memory.
Drinking and Driving
DanielHommer,NIAAA,NIH,HHS
RayNg/Time&LifePictures/GettyImages
Why do college students drink?
1. Increases sociability
2. Relieves anxiety or tension
3. Feel elated or euphoric
4. Less inhibited
5. Can go along with friends
6. Different state of consciousness
7. Sexual inhibition
8. Stops worrying
9. Alleviates depression
10. Less self-conscious
18
Depressants…
B. Barbiturates: Drugs that depress the activity of
the central nervous system, reducing anxiety
but impairing memory and judgment.
Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal are some
examples.
Depressants …
C. Opiates
-they are highly
addictive
-temporarily
lessening pain and
anxiety.
20
Stimulants
Stimulants are drugs that excite neural activity and
speed up body functions. Examples of stimulants
are:
1. Caffeine
2. Nicotine
3. Cocaine
4. Ecstasy
5. Amphetamines
6. Methamphetamines
21
2. Stimulants: Caffeine & Nicotine
A & B. Caffeine and nicotine increase heart and
breathing rates and other autonomic functions to
provide energy.
http://www.tech-res-intl.com
http://office.microsoft.com/clipart
22
2. Stimulants:
Why Do People Smoke?
1. People smoke because it is socially rewarding.
2. Smoking is also a result of genetic factors.
RusselEinhorn/TheGammaLiasonNetwork
23
2. Stimulants: Why Do People
Smoke?
3. Nicotine takes away
unpleasant cravings
4. Nicotine itself is
rewarding (positive
reinforcement).
24
2. Stimulants
C. Cocaine
Cocaine induces immediate euphoria followed by a crash.
Crack, a form of cocaine, can be smoked. Other forms of
cocaine can be sniffed or injected.
http://www.ohsinc.com
25
2. Stimulants:
D. Ecstasy
Ecstasy or
Methylenedioxymethamphet
amine (MDMA) is a
stimulant and mild
hallucinogen. It produces a
euphoric high and can
damage serotonin-producing
neurons, which results in a
permanent deflation of mood
and impairment of memory.
GregSmith/APPhotos
26
3. Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens are
psychedelic (mind-
manifesting) drugs that
distort perceptions and
evoke sensory images in
the absence of sensory
input.
RonaldK.Siegel
3. Hallucinogens: Names of Drugs
• Acid, Peyote, Mighty Quinn, Mescal, Ibogaine,
Window Panes, MDMA, Gelatin, Pearly Gates,
Owsley Acid, Mind Detergent, Bufotenine, California
Triple Dip, Sandoz’s, Sunshine, Lysergic Acid
Diethylamide, Mescaline, Cube, Salvia Divinorum,
Blue Cheers, Vacation, Hawk, LSD, Wedding Bells,
Adams, Phenethylamines, Psilocybin Analogs, Brown
Dot, Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds, Strawberries,
Blotter, Pink Wedge, Psilocybin, Mushrooms,
‘Shrooms, Ayahuasca, and other names.
3. Hallucinogens: Meth
29
After a close brush with
death, many people
report an experience of
moving through a dark
tunnel with a light at the
end. Under the influence
of hallucinogens, others
report bright lights at
the center of their field
of vision.
3. Hallucinogens: Near-Death
Experiences
(From“Hallucinations”byR.K.Siegel.Copyright
©1977ScientificAmerican,Inc.Allrightsreserved.)
Influence for Drug Prevention
and Treatment
1.Education about the long-term
costs
2.Efforts to boost people’s self-
esteem and purpose
3.Attempts to modify peer
associations and teaching
refusal skills
Drugs Make you Ugly!
Psychology- Drugs and consciousness
33
Drugs
Summary
34
Thank you for listening!
Group 5
Clavecilla, AppleKaren
Marbella, Joel F.
Cuaresma, John Paul E.
Cuaresma, Richard E.
Espalita,Cymon Jerick

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Psychology- Drugs and consciousness

  • 6. DRUGS -any substance, natural or artificial, other than food, that by its chemical or physical nature alters structure or function in the living organism. Consciousness - refers to our awareness of sensations, thoughts, and other internal processes. 
  • 7. 7 Drugs and Consciousness… Psychoactive Drug: A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood.
  • 9. Addiction Addiction is a brain disease identified by components of physical and psychological dependence.
  • 10. 10 Addiction & Dependence… tolerance - the power of enduring the action of the drug. - is one aspect of physical dependence.
  • 11. Withdrawal & Dependence Withdrawal is a term referring to the feelings of discomfort, distress, and intense craving for a substance that occur when use of the substance is stopped. Dependence Absence of a drug may lead to a feeling of physical pain, intense cravings and negative emotions.
  • 12. 12 Misconceptions About Addiction 1. Addictive drugs quickly corrupt. 2. Addiction cannot be overcome voluntarily. 3. Addiction is no different than repetitive pleasure-seeking behaviors.
  • 14. 14 Psychoactive drugs are divided into three groups. 1. Depressants 2. Stimulants 3. Hallucinogens
  • 15. Depressants Depressants are drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions. They include: A. Alcohol B. Barbiturates C. Opiates
  • 16. 16 Depressants… A. Alcohol affects motor skills, judgment, and memory. Drinking and Driving DanielHommer,NIAAA,NIH,HHS RayNg/Time&LifePictures/GettyImages
  • 17. Why do college students drink? 1. Increases sociability 2. Relieves anxiety or tension 3. Feel elated or euphoric 4. Less inhibited 5. Can go along with friends 6. Different state of consciousness 7. Sexual inhibition 8. Stops worrying 9. Alleviates depression 10. Less self-conscious
  • 18. 18 Depressants… B. Barbiturates: Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment. Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal are some examples.
  • 19. Depressants … C. Opiates -they are highly addictive -temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.
  • 20. 20 Stimulants Stimulants are drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. Examples of stimulants are: 1. Caffeine 2. Nicotine 3. Cocaine 4. Ecstasy 5. Amphetamines 6. Methamphetamines
  • 21. 21 2. Stimulants: Caffeine & Nicotine A & B. Caffeine and nicotine increase heart and breathing rates and other autonomic functions to provide energy. http://www.tech-res-intl.com http://office.microsoft.com/clipart
  • 22. 22 2. Stimulants: Why Do People Smoke? 1. People smoke because it is socially rewarding. 2. Smoking is also a result of genetic factors. RusselEinhorn/TheGammaLiasonNetwork
  • 23. 23 2. Stimulants: Why Do People Smoke? 3. Nicotine takes away unpleasant cravings 4. Nicotine itself is rewarding (positive reinforcement).
  • 24. 24 2. Stimulants C. Cocaine Cocaine induces immediate euphoria followed by a crash. Crack, a form of cocaine, can be smoked. Other forms of cocaine can be sniffed or injected. http://www.ohsinc.com
  • 25. 25 2. Stimulants: D. Ecstasy Ecstasy or Methylenedioxymethamphet amine (MDMA) is a stimulant and mild hallucinogen. It produces a euphoric high and can damage serotonin-producing neurons, which results in a permanent deflation of mood and impairment of memory. GregSmith/APPhotos
  • 26. 26 3. Hallucinogens Hallucinogens are psychedelic (mind- manifesting) drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input. RonaldK.Siegel
  • 27. 3. Hallucinogens: Names of Drugs • Acid, Peyote, Mighty Quinn, Mescal, Ibogaine, Window Panes, MDMA, Gelatin, Pearly Gates, Owsley Acid, Mind Detergent, Bufotenine, California Triple Dip, Sandoz’s, Sunshine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Mescaline, Cube, Salvia Divinorum, Blue Cheers, Vacation, Hawk, LSD, Wedding Bells, Adams, Phenethylamines, Psilocybin Analogs, Brown Dot, Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds, Strawberries, Blotter, Pink Wedge, Psilocybin, Mushrooms, ‘Shrooms, Ayahuasca, and other names.
  • 29. 29 After a close brush with death, many people report an experience of moving through a dark tunnel with a light at the end. Under the influence of hallucinogens, others report bright lights at the center of their field of vision. 3. Hallucinogens: Near-Death Experiences (From“Hallucinations”byR.K.Siegel.Copyright ©1977ScientificAmerican,Inc.Allrightsreserved.)
  • 30. Influence for Drug Prevention and Treatment 1.Education about the long-term costs 2.Efforts to boost people’s self- esteem and purpose 3.Attempts to modify peer associations and teaching refusal skills
  • 31. Drugs Make you Ugly!
  • 34. 34 Thank you for listening!
  • 35. Group 5 Clavecilla, AppleKaren Marbella, Joel F. Cuaresma, John Paul E. Cuaresma, Richard E. Espalita,Cymon Jerick

Notas del editor

  1. Preview Question 10: What are dependence and addiction? Can substance abusers overcome their addictions?
  2. Addictive drugs quickly corrupt: After taking drugs only (perhaps) 10% become addict. Addiction cannot be overcome voluntarily: It can be to a large extent. Addiction not different than repetitive pleasure-seeking behaviors: Indeed. But should we stretch the concept to cover social behaviors?
  3. Preview Question 11: What are depressants, and what are their effects?
  4. Preview Question 12: What are stimulants, and what are their effects?
  5. Preview Question 13: What are hallucinogens, and what are their effects?