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Similar a Garden Pests - notes (20)
Garden Pests - notes
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Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden Pests, Pests, Pests
C.M. Vadheim and T. Drake
CSUDH & Madrona Marsh Preserve
Madrona Marsh Preserve
Gardening with Western L.A. County Native Plants March 7 & 10, 2009
Project SOUND - 2009
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
What is a pest? An organism which has Predator/prey relationships in nature
characteristics that are
regarded by humans as
injurious or unwanted
Eats a desired plant
Causes disease in a desired
plant
Carries disease to a desired
plant
May be:
A vertebrate (deer; rabbit)
An insect/mollusk (snail)
A bacterium, virus or fungus
A pest in one setting may be
beneficial in another; like a
weed, a pest may be an
organism ‘in the wrong place’
http://www.champaignschools.org/science/images/foodweb.gif
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
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In nature, plants fight back… A recipe for disaster
Native plants evolved
with insects, other Plant species not native to
animals, microorganisms area; often ‘cultivars’
– ecosystems in balance
Some produce Planted in mono-culture
noxious chemicals or
physical barriers to http://jenmill.blogspot.com/2006_04_01_archive.html Heavily watered &
‘ward off’ natural fertilized – ‘plants on
pests steroids’
Some attract Using overhead watering
‘helper species’ –
insects & even birds
during warm summer days
Some simply
tolerate normal
levels of predation Globalization of pests
http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1118/814174806_a1348ae709.jpg
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
The ‘Old California Garden’ requires an
arsenal of ammunition…
And the consequences are not pretty…
Human/animal health
risks
Contaminated soils &
http://www.mindfully.org/Pesticide/2002/Flawed-Frogs-Pesticide-Deformed9jul02.htm water (including street
http://www.improvementscatalog.com/home/improvements water runoff)
/792923315-spray-doc-wheel-garden-sprayers.html
High cost of pesticides
Beneficial species killed
Issues:
Improper use Effects on animals up
the food chain
Overuse
Pesticide resistance
Storage
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
http://grapes.msu.edu/images/pesticResist.gif
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Many of us have found that just including more
The ‘New California Garden’ is based on native species improves the ‘pest problems’ in the
a better strategy entire garden
Plant the plants that are ‘programmed’ to be successful in your
area – these will:
Be less stressed – and therefore healthier
Be prepared to ‘fight’ the natural enemies
Attract natural ‘helpers’ in their fight against pests
Plant a variety of species – more like a natural ecosystem (not a
monoculture)
Give the plants the appropriate gardening care:
Appropriate levels of water
Appropriate (often little to no) fertilizer
Protection from other stress & injury
Have an appropriate strategy to deal with true pests
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
But you need to have a sound strategy to
dealing with certain pests…even on
native plants Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
"Optimum combination of control methods
including biological, cultural, mechanical,
physical and/or chemical controls to reduce
pest populations to an economical
acceptable level with as few harmful
effects as possible on the environment and
nontarget organisms."
R.L. Hix,CA Agric. Magazine, 55:4 (2001)
And that’s where the concept of Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) provides useful guidelines
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
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The IPM Pyramid – ‘first do no harm’
What is Integrated Pest Management? Use the least invasive – and
often most effective - means
first:
IPM programs use current, comprehensive Prevention – cultural practices
Mechanical Controls
information on the life cycles of pests and their
Naturally occurring biological
interaction with the environment. controls (native predators)
Consider using non-native
This information, in combination with available predators
pest control methods, is used to manage pest Use chemical controls sparingly,
damage by the most economical means, and with http://www.team.ars.usda.gov/ipm.html
as a last resort:
Naturally occurring elements
the least possible hazard to people, property, and Biologics – chemicals made by
the environment.’ Non-native predators and chemical plants that are toxic to
controls have the important drawback of pests/diseases
non-specificity – they kill the good pests Non-biologic pesticides:
http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/factsheets/ipm.htm with the bad. Insecticides
Fungicides
Miticides
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
An IPM system is designed around six
Some of the benefits of an integrated basic components
approach are as follows:
1. Set Action Thresholds
Before taking any pest control action, IPM first sets an action
Promotes natural controls; ‘ecosystem approach’. threshold, a point at which pest populations or environmental
conditions indicate that pest control action must be taken. Sighting
Protects human health. a single pest does not always mean control is needed. The level at
which pests will either become an economic threat is critical to
guide future pest control decisions.
Minimizes negative impacts to non-target
organisms. 2. Monitor and Identify Pests
Not all insects, weeds, and other living organisms require control.
Many organisms are innocuous, and some are even beneficial. IPM
Enhances the general environment. programs work to monitor for pests and identify them accurately,
so that appropriate control decisions can be made in conjunction
with action thresholds. This monitoring and identification removes
Is most likely to produce long-term, beneficial the possibility that pesticides will be used when they are not really
results. needed or that the wrong kind of pesticide will be used.
3. Preventive Cultural Practices
Often is easily and efficiently implemented. As a first line of pest control, IPM programs work to manage the
crop, lawn, or indoor space to prevent pests from becoming a
Cost-effective in the short and long-term. threat. These control methods can be very effective and cost-
efficient and present little to no risk to people or the environment.
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
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An IPM system is designed around six IPM plan for your garden – a work in
basic components progress
4. Mechanical controls: Should a pest reach an unacceptable level,
Requires observation &
mechanical methods are the first options to consider. They knowledge – specific for
include simple hand-picking, erecting insect barriers, using traps,
vacuuming, and tillage to disrupt breeding.
your garden
5. Biological controls: Natural biological processes and materials can Will vary somewhat with:
provide control, with minimal environmental impact, and often at
low cost. The main focus here is on promoting beneficial insects Yearly weather conditions
that eat target pests. Biological insecticides, derived from Maturity of plants
naturally occurring microorganisms (e.g.: Bt, entomopathogenic http://www.hoodcountymastergardeners.org/Demo_2006/Demo_Construction.html
fungi and entomopathogenic nematodes), also fit in this category. New plants
6. Chemical controls: Synthetic pesticides are generally only used Will be modified based on
as required and often only at specific times in a pests life cycle. your previous experiences
Many of the newer pesticide groups are derived from plants or
naturally occurring substances (e.g.: nicotine, pyrethrum and Suggestion: keep a garden
insect juvenile hormone analogues), and further 'biology-based'
or 'ecological' techniques are under evaluation. notebook/journal
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
Many resources to help you University of California
Statewide IPM Project (UCIPM)
Books – check out your Goals of the IPM Project are to:
local library, or add to your reduce the pesticide load in the
own environment,
increase the predictability and
On-line resources thereby the effectiveness of pest
control techniques,
develop pest control programs that
County Master Gardeners are economically, environmentally and
socially acceptable,
Other Governmental marshal agencies and disciplines into
resources: (see list) integrated pest management
program, and
U.S. increase the utilization of natural
State & Local pest controls.
Educational component:
Print & on-line resources
UC IPM Pesticide Education Program
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
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Set Acceptable Pest Levels
Monitor & Identify Pests
Find out what pests/ Base monitoring on garden
conditions: temperature &
diseases occur in your humidity
garden – observation Look for pests on vulnerable
tissues
Learn more about the pests, Shake out the pests, then view
with magnifying glass
their effects Decide if action is needed
http://waterroots.com/imagespests/whitefly03.jpg What are their life-stages Suggestion: keep a log of dates,
What seasons/conditions are conditions in your garden journal
they associated with
What plant species are
susceptible
Learn how to determine
when action should be taken
http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/noni/spiralling%20whitefly.asp
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
Prevention/Cultural Practices are the first
Criteria for selecting a treatment
line of defense against pests
strategy are:
Cultural practices: just good old garden management
practices
1. Least hazardous to human health
Providing alternate hosts for pests
No monoculture 2. Least disruptive of natural controls
Preventing over-wintering
Sanitation
3. Least toxic to non-target organisms
Proper water & nutrient management 4. Most likely to be permanent
Correct watering
Physical barriers 5. Easiest to carry out safely and effectively
Pruning to improve air circulation
Weeding 6. Most cost-effective
Mulching
7. Most site-appropriate
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
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Pest challenges vary with the season…. Sticky (Bush) Monkey Flower -
Mimulus/Diplacus aurantiacus
Warmer weather & new growth
– spring/early summer
Sucking insects
Chewing insects
Gall & Blister Mites
Warm weather – summer/fall
Foliage fungal diseases
Borers (insects) Scarlet Monkeyflower
Root/stem rots Musk Monkeyflower
(fungal/bacterial)
Cool, wet weather –
winter/early spring
Mollusks
Anthracnose (fungal)
http://www.baynatives.com/plants/Mimulus-aurantiacus/
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
Sucking insects
Any perennial or shrub/tree with fresh
Definition: Insects that insert their mouthparts
into the sugary phloem (conducting tissue) & suck new foliage can attract sucking insects
the ‘sap’
Examples:
Aphids
Mealy Bugs
Whiteflies
Psyllids
Scales
Leafhoppers
Damage:
Often confined to the young, succulent
growth (leaves, shoot-tips and buds
Tissues appear puckered or crinkled
Monitoring: watch for:
Signs of the insects themselves –check
particularly undersides of leaves, other
protected areas
Ants – tend to be ‘nurse’ species
Abnormal plant growth
http://scienceblogs.com/neurophilosophy/Ant_cultivating_aphids.jpg © Project SOUND © Project SOUND
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Aphids: where there’s one there are many….. Aphids – Ugly but not usually murderers...
Often called plant lice, are small, Preventive cultural
soft-bodied insects. practices:
Control ants
They range in color from black to http://pmo.umext.maine.
Control weeds –
green to yellow.
edu/factsht/Suck.htm
particularly Brassica
species
Their numbers may greatly
increase in a short time and Mechanical Controls:
crowding stimulates the Blast off with a stream of
production of winged forms. water
Use sticky strips around
They may cover the entire trunks to manage ants
surface of a leaf or stem.
Biological Controls:
They (and other sucking pests) Lady bugs; Lacewings
can be vectors of plant viruses
(crop & ornamental plants). Chemical controls:
Insecticidal Soap is usually
They can also weaken plants, adequate
making them susceptible to other
diseases
http://ipm.ncsu.edu/cotton/insectcorner/photos/aphid.htm
http://notexactlyrocketscience.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/aphid-sap.jpg
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
Whiteflies Monitor particularly on citrus and
Monitoring: vegetable crops (and plants near them)
By placing yellow sticky cards in greenhouse &
other vulnerable environments
Periodic inspection of undersides of leaves of
susceptible species
Preventive cultural practices:
Don’t purchase infested plants
Control ants
Encourage natural predators
Mechanical Controls:
Yellow sticky traps (early in infestation)
Blast off with stream of water
http://ipm.ncsu.edu/cotton/InsectCorner/photos/other.htm Hand-remove infested leaves
Vacuum them up with hand vacuum Ash Whitefly (Siphoninus phillyreae)
Biological Controls: http://cekern.ucdavis.edu/Entomology/Woolly_Whitefly_Monitoring_in_Kern_Cou
nty.htm
can attack Toyon & other natives
Ladybugs, Lacewings, parasitic wasps & mites
Wooly Whitefly on Citrus
Songbirds
Chemical controls:
Insecticidal Soap
Chemical pesticides usually not very helpful – Mechanical methods and encouraging natural enemies offer best
resistance quickly develops chance for control
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
http://agriculture.gov.bb/media/plant_protection/Whiteflies2.JPG
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Females feed on plant sap, normally in roots or
other crevices. They secrete a powdery wax
Controlling aphids, whiteflies & Mealybugs is an
Mealybugs layer (therefore the name mealybug) used for important ‘cultural practice’ for preventing other diseases
protection while they suck the plant juices.
Monitoring:
Check stem axils & bottoms of plant stems for
insects Mealybugs are similar to
Act immediately when you see them to control whiteflies and aphids: they
infestation produce large amounts of
waste product (honeydew)
Preventive cultural practices: which coats plants and
Insect new plants – remove pests surrounding surfaces.
Control ants (which protect Mealybugs)
Encourage natural predators This sticky layer is a perfect
Mechanical Controls:
growth medium for a black
Remove by hand & destroy
Sooty Mold fungus commonly known as
Apply rubbing alcohol with a Q-tip or cotton
"sooty mold".
ball; destroys insects & egg masses [note: try
on small area first – may damage plant] This mold damages plants by
covering leaves and reducing
Biological Controls: light available for
Lady Bug, Lacewings, parasitic wasps –all natural photosynthesis.
Chemical controls:
Insecticidal Soap or horticultural oils
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
Good natural enemies are there – just
True Bugs plant species that will attract them
Many are actually beneficial
predators Green Lacewing
http://pmo.umext.maine.edu/factsht/Suck.htm
Common generalist predator
Preventive cultural practices: Kills: mealybugs, psyllids, thrips,
Encourage healthy plants mites, whiteflies, aphids, small
caterpillars, leafhoppers, and
Green Lacewing
insect eggs
Chemical controls: not
recommended in most cases Use common pesticides & you’ll kill
this beneficial insect
You will need to learn about
Plant species in the Rose &
Milkweed Bug
the common beneficial
insects in order to recognize Buckthorn (Ceanothus) families to
and attract them provide food for Lacewings
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
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Attract
Know all life phases of
these By planting
beneficial these species beneficial insects
insects
Bigeyed bug Native grasses Don’t use pesticides that will kill the
Polygonum sp. (Silver Lace Vine) beneficial insects
Copyright © 2007 Ron Hemberger
Hoverflies Achillea sp. (Yarrow) Larval stage – though ugly - is often the
Asclepias fascicularis (Narrowleaf Milkweed) ‘eating’ stage
Baccharis sp. (Coyote brush, Mulefat) http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/NE/convergent_lady_beetle.html
Ceanothus sp. (California Lilac) Look closely at the insects (use a
Eriogonum sp. (Buckwheat) magnifying glass) – what are they eating
Prunis ilicifolia (Hollyleaf Cherry) (plant or insect)
Ceanothus sp. (California Lilac)
Lacewings
Prunus ilicifolia (Hollyleaf Cherry)
Lady beetles Achillea sp. (Yarrow)
Asclepias fascicularis (Narrowleaf Milkweed)
Atriplex sp. (Quailbush, Saltbush)
Ceanothus sp. (California Lilac)
Native grasses
Rhamnus californica (Coffeeberry)
Salix sp. (Willow)
http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/NE/brown_lacewing.html
http://www.stopwaste.org/home/index.asp?page=402 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Sa_lady-beetle-larva.jpg
http://www.kunafin.com/lacewings.htm © Project SOUND © Project SOUND
Lacewing Life Cycle
Attract
these By planting
Western Yarrow – Achilla millefolia
beneficial these species
insects
Minute Achillea sp. (Yarrow)
pirate bug Baccharis sp. (Coyote brush, Mulefat)
Eriogonum sp. (Buckwheat)
http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/NE/minute_pirate_bug.html
Minute Pirate Bug
Achillea sp. (Yarrow)
Parasitic & Aesclepias fascicularis (Narrowleaf
Predatory Milkweed)
Wasps Eriogonum sp. (Buckwheat)
Tachnid flies Achillea sp. (Yarrow)
Eriogonum sp. (Buckwheat)
Heteromeles arbutifolia (Toyon)
Rhamnus californica (Coffeeberry)
http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/NE/tachinid_flies.html
Tachnid Fly http://www.stopwaste.org/home/index.asp?page=402
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
J.S. Peterson @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
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Why Yarrow makes a good lawn substitute Levels of Control
1. Cultural control is a preventative measure using fertilization,
plant selection, and sanitation to exclude problematic pests
Spreads quickly, giving good and weeds.
cover 2. Physical control is another preventative strategy. It includes,
pest exclusion; creating barriers; modifying conditions such
Super for banks and other areas as temperature, light and humidity; trapping; and manually
that can’t easily be mowed weeding. Foods and beverages should be eaten and stored
only in designated areas.
Spreading habit inhibits weeds
3. Biological control makes use of a pest's natural enemies. This
Can be mowed – occasionally and strategy introduces beneficial insects or bacteria to the
on high setting w/ rotary mower environment or, if they already exist, provides them with the
necessary food and shelter and avoids using broad-spectrum
Companion plant – attracts chemicals that will inadvertently kill them.
beneficial insects, repels others
4. Chemical control is used after all other control strategies are
Does well on poor, dry, sandy deemed inappropriate or ineffective. Target-specific, low-
soils where other plants grow toxicity pesticides should be applied in a manner that will
poorly maximize the effectiveness of pest management and minimize
the exposure to humans and other non-target species. Spot
treat if possible to reduce exposure.
http://www.dgsgardening.btinternet.co.uk/yarrow.JPG
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
Smothering and suffocation agents - mild Smothering and suffocation agents - mild
Insecticidal Soap Horticultural Oil
It works on contact by breaking down
the target pest’s cuticle (waxy Coating pests with horticultural oil
covering) — promoting dehydration and, blocks the passage of air through
ultimately, death. their spiracles (breathing holes),
Short period of action (48 hours) thus killing (suffocating) them.
Non-targeted – kills both beneficial
insects as well as pests Used on dormant plants (see label
for specific product)
Best use: judicious, small-scale spot
applications
labeled for use against overwintering
Safer’s Insecticidal Soap (the most eggs of European red spider mites,
common brand), is used indoors or out,
is effective on aphids, cabbageworms, http://greenmethods.com/site/products/biorationals/3/#ip
scale insects, apple aphids (not rosy
earwigs, flea beetles, lace bugs, aphids), bud moths, leafrollers, red
leafhoppers, mealybugs, psyllids, sawfly bugs, codling moth larvae, pear psylla
larvae, scale crawlers, squash bugs,
http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51z2EPV-efL._SL500_AA280_.jpg
thrips, spider mites, whiteflies, and (adults), blister mites, galls, whitefly
more. nymphs, and mealybugs.
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
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Sucking insects of spring/summer: review Ah, Summer….. the time of dusty leaves & over-watering
Monitor
Periods of new foliage/rapid growth
Monitor at least weekly
Look particularly at undersides of leaves, young branch tips, flower
buds – be sure to use a magnifying glass
Cultural Practices
Blast affected area with water
Hand remove
Encourage natural predators
Control ants
Biological Controls
Beneficial insects – your best line of defense
Chemical controls
Not usually needed (except for very bad infestations – not often seen
with native plants)
May kill beneficial insects – so use very sparingly
Try least toxic: Insecticidal soap
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
Challenges of the dry season
Dry, dusty foliage
Hot, muggy (or foggy)
days
Appropriate watering:
How frequently
How much at any one time
How to water: overhead,
drip/trickle
What time of day to water
The stage is set for a different
cast of garden pests
10 years old. Almost no water other than a dust wash off every month or so.
Arctostaphylos 'Carmel Sur’ in foreground, Toyon and Western Redbud behind.
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
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Toyon/California Christmas Berry –
Heteromeles arbutifolia Natives in the Rose Family (Rosaceae)
Shrubs
Chamise - Adenostoma fasciculatum
Mountain Mahogonies - Cercocarpus species
Toyon - Heteromeles arbutifolia
Creambush - Holodiscus discolor
Ironwoods - Lyonothamnus floribundus
Holly-Leafed & Catalina Cherries - Prunus ilicifolia
CA Wild Rose - Rosa californica
CA Blackberry - Rubus ursinus
Smaller perennials
Pacific silverweed - Argentina egedii
Strawberries - Fragaria species
Wedgeleaf Horkelia - Horkelia cuneata
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
Common pests of Rose Family (think Leafhoppers & Sharpshooters
garden roses) Pests of new foliage Leafhoppers are small, green,
Sucking insects
wedgeshaped insects that attack many
Pests of summer garden, forage and fruit crops. They
Pests associated with dust (mostly suck out plant juices causing yellowing,
insects) http://pmo.umext.maine.edu/factsht/Suck.htm
leaf-curling and stunting.
Pests associated with warm, moist
conditions (mostly fungal but some
bacterial/viral)
Leafhoppers are often responsible for
the spread of plant pathogens
Diseases associated with cool, wet especially viruses and phytoplasmas
conditions:
Fungal diseases (foliage & root) Preventive cultural practices:
Rosa CA vs. non-native roses Mechanical Controls:
It is relatively pest and disease free,
except if the plant is subject to blast of water from a garden hose
overhead irrigation, poor air circulation Removing infected lower leaves
and humid conditions in the shade.
Insect pests are usually not a problem Dusting plants lightly with
with such a hardy plant and with so diatomaceous earth
many “beneficials” around.
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
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Leafhoppers & Sharpshooters Glassy-winged Sharpshooter – reportable pest
Biological Controls: Carry the bacterium,
Predatory insects such as mantids and Xylella fastidiosa, that
dragonflies causes Pierce’s Disease –
a serious threat to CA
http://pmo.umext.maine.edu/factsht/Suck.htm
Spiders, green lacewings (Chrysopa spp.), grape industry
minute pirate bugs (Orius spp.), lady
beetles (Hippodamia spp.), and predaceous
mites.
Adults are about 1⁄2 inch long
X. fastidiosa also causes
almond leaf scorch,
Small parasitic wasps in the genus phoney peach disease,
Gonatocerus alfalfa dwarf, oleander
Chemical controls: leaf scorch and citrus
variegated chlorosis.
Narrow range oils, insecticidal soaps, or
kaolin clay
Report to County Ag.
rotenone, carbaryl, malathion or http://www.slocounty.ca.gov/Assets/AG/assets/GWSS2.gif
Service if found in new
methoxychlor areas
© Project SOUND © Project SOUND
Tiny insects with fringed wings. They feed on
Pierce’s Disease: many native plants are Thrips
pollen and tender plant tissue, rasping the
tissue and sucking the exuding sap.
alternate hosts
The leaves take on a silvery appearance after
the thrips feed, and plants become stunted and
Aesculus californica deformed.
Artemisia douglasiana Thrips are usually a pest of seedling plants but
Heteromeles arbutifolia http://pmo.umext.maine.edu/factsht/Suck.htm may attack plants in any stage. They attack an
extremely wide variety of woody plants.
Juglans californica
Mimulus aurantiacus Certain thrips species are beneficial predators
Oenothera hookeri that feed only on mites and other insects
Philadelphus lewisii Monitoring:
Populus fremontii Thrips often feed within buds and furled leaves.
Quercus spp. Their damage is often observed before the thrips
are seen.
Rhammus californica Discolored or distorted plant tissue or black
Rosa californica specks of feces around stippled leaf surfaces are
clues that thrips are or were present.
Salix spp. Look carefully for the insects themselves before
Sambucus spp. taking action. Severe infestation foliage looks
silver-spotted
Vitis californica Thrips are poor fliers but can readily spread long
distances by floating with the wind or being
transported on infested plants.
Blue Elderberry © Project SOUND © Project SOUND
http://mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/LSO/images/Thrips/ffa2-34.jpg
http://www.gardenseeker.com/plant_pests_problems/plant-pests/thrips_storm_flies.htm
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Thrips – mostly just ugly… Gall & Blister Mites: ugly but not killers
Healthy woody plants usually tolerate thrips
damage; however, high infestations on certain
herbaceous ornamentals and developing fruits
or vegetables may justify control Cause blistered leaves or galled
twigs on many landscape plants
http://chillithrips.tamu.edu/
Preventive cultural practices:
Practices to conserve natural predators; including alder, aspen, baccharis,
decrease dust, no pesticides beech, elm, grape, linden, maple,
Pull weeds
Prune and destroy infected branches and walnut
Mechanical Controls: Live oak erineum mites Monitoring:
Blast of water from a garden hose
Misshapen leaves
Biological Controls:
Preventive cultural practices:
http://virtual.clemson.edu/groups/hort/homeh
ort/images/thrips.jpg
Many natural predators
Remove damaged leaves
Chemical controls: thrips activity does not
usually warrant the use of insecticide sprays Mechanical Controls:
Narrow-range oil, neem oil, pyrethrins combined
with piperonyl butoxide (Garden Safe Brand Remove damaged leaves
Multi-purpose Garden Insect Killer, Spectracide
Garden Insect Killer)
Malathion or rotenone only for severe problems
Toyon Thrips © Project SOUND Baccharis gall © Project SOUND
Spider Mites are tiny Spider Mites: prevention is best
Not insects, but closely related to ticks and Preventive cultural practices:
chiggers. They suck out juices from leaves Wash dust off leaves in summer
and stems, causing plants to become Don’t use insecticides (carbaryl (Sevin);
imidacloprid (Merit, Marathon) ) that kill natural
deformed or have a bronze or yellow predators; severe infestations often follow
appearance http://pmo.umext.maine.edu/factsht/Suck.htm insecticide use!
http://pmo.umext.maine.edu/factsht/Suck.htm
Heavy infestations can cause leaf and bud Mechanical Controls:
drop, serious stress and death of the plant. blast of water from a garden hose
1:1 mixture of alcohol and water [test on small area]
Damaged areas typically appear marked with Plant isolation
many small, light flecks – over slightly
cobwebby - giving the plant a somewhat Biological Controls:
speckled appearance. Small, dark-colored lady beetles known as the
"spider mite destroyers"
Activity peaks during the warmer months; Minute pirate bugs, big-eyed bugs (Geocoris
http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7405.html
Dry, dusty conditions favor all spider mites species) and predatory thrips
Parasitic spider Mites
Monitoring:
Chemical controls: not during hot weather or for
Usually plant damage—stippling or yellowing of water stressed plants – test first on a few leaves
leaves Few insecticides are
Insecticidal soap
Look for webbing underneath leaves effective for spider
mites and many even Horticultural oils (Sunspray)
Shake mites onto paper & observe with hand aggravate problems Sulfur
lens
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