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GIN: A Cyberinfrastructure and GeoPortal
for Canadian Groundwater Data


Boyan Brodaric
Geological Survey of Canada
Natural Resources Canada




                               B. Brodaric—GIN
                              Cyberra Summit 2010    1
                              Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
Themes

  Data Cyberinfrastructure (CI)
  web-based resources for data interoperability

  Spatial Data (cyber)Infrastructure (SDI)
 open standards for geographically located features and observations

  Groundwater Information Network (GIN)
 Canadian network for groundwater data




                                 B. Brodaric—GIN
                                Cyberra Summit 2010    2
                                Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
GW data in Canada
  Distributed, Uncoordinated data
 Feds (< 10), provs & terrs (<50), municipalities (100s?),
 watershed authorities (100s?)

  Heterogeneous data
 Data use, content, structure, systems (dbs, sensors)
                                                                        Use

  Variable Volume                                                    Budgets
 Use (e.g. extraction, vulnerability):    ?
 Budgets (e.g. regional recharge):        10s?                       Reservoirs
 Reservoirs (e.g. aquifers):            100s
 Observations (e.g. wells, monitoring): 1Ms-10Ms                    Observations

  Variable Quality
 Completeness, consistency, location
                                          B. Brodaric—GIN
                                         Cyberra Summit 2010    3
                                         Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
GW data in Canada

  Ontario & Quebec
 schematic and semantic heterogeneity
 in water-well data

          Quebec rock type




          Ontario rock type




                                     B. Brodaric—GIN
                                   Cyberra Summit 2010     4
                                    Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
Recent calls for action

          GW Data Access
             More online access

             Consolidate access

             Better data quality

             More data (use, monitoring)
          GW Data Management




            B. Brodaric—GIN
           Cyberra Summit 2010    5
           Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
Approach

  Groundwater Information Network (GIN)
 NRCan, 9 prov/terr (YK, BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NS, NL), USGS
 Seamless access to GW information
 Start with water well databases then sensors
 GeoConnections seed funding Jan2008-Mar2009

  Principles
 Distributed: data stays with owners
 Seamless: acts as one virtual database
 Multi-access: multiple portals, tools
 Standards-based: nat’l CGDI & int’l OGC/ISO standards
            e.g. Groundwater ML (GWML)
                 WaterML
                 GeoSciML

                                        B. Brodaric—GIN
                                       Cyberra Summit 2010    6
                                       Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
Results




           B. Brodaric—GIN
          Cyberra Summit 2010    7
          Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
Approach: data interoperability
  Overcome levels of data heterogeneity


    pragmatic   GW Practices (data usage)

     semantic   GW Ontology (data content)

     schema     GWML, WaterML (data structure)        Groundwater

                                                      OGC
      syntax    GML (data language)

     system     WFS, WMS,… (data systems)

                            B. Brodaric—GIN
                           Cyberra Summit 2010    8
                           Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
Approach: interop architectures
  Catalog                 Warehouse                              Network
 central registry         central database                        central mediator, registry
 unconsolidated access    consolidated access                     consolidated access
 common standards         common standards                        common standards
 fragmented data          duplicate, delayed data                 virtual, real-time data
 e.g. US-CUAHSI           e.g. AU-AWRIS, EU-WISE                  e.g. GIN

                                   OGC                                        OGC

  OGC        OGC

                                               registry                  mediator         registry

  ON registry QC

                             OGC         OGC                            OGC         OGC




                            ON            QC                            ON           QC

                                           B. Brodaric—GIN
                                         Cyberra Summit 2010        9
                                          Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
Approach: design
             Groundwater Information Network
                         GIN Advanced:
                         3D, analysis



                GML             GWML                      WaterML
WMS, WFS, SOS




                      GWML   GML-BC   GML-AB    GML-SK       GML-ON   GWML        GML

                GML
WMS, WFS, SOS




                                           B. Brodaric—GIN
                                         Cyberra Summit 2010                 10
                                          Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
Typical mediator architecture
                                            Ontology!
                                             reasoner"
                                              matcher"
              Client!                                                          Wrapper
                                                                                     !
    “find all water wells with                                                    global
                                                                                      "               ON
    unconsolidated materials”
                            !
                                                                                                      sand
                                                                                                       clay
                                             Mediator!                           local
                                                                                     "
                                                                                                       soil



<RockMaterial>
  <geneticCategory>
      <CGI_TermValue>                         global"                          Wrapper
                                                                                     !
         <value…>Sedimentary</value>                                                                  QC
      </CGI_TermValue>
  </geneticCategory>                                                             global
                                                                                      "               SABL
  <lithology>
    …                                                                                                 ARGL
    <name…>Sand</name>                                                                                TERR
  </lithology>
                                             Registry!
                                             metadata"                           local
                                                                                     "


      send query                        distribute query                   translate query (globallocal)
      receive results                   integrate results                  translate results (localglobal)
                                         distribute results
                                                        B. Brodaric—GIN
                                                   Cyberra Summit 2010             11
                                                    Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
GIN Mediator architecture
                                             receive & translate query
                                             distribute query
                                             receive results
                                             translate & integrate results
        send query
                                             distribute results
        receive results
                                                  Ontology!                         W*S!
              Client!
                                                                                    SOS!
    “find all water wells with
    unconsolidated material”  !                                                              ON
                                                  W*S, SOS!
                                                                                             sand

                                       WaterML
                                                  Mediator!                         local
                                                                                        "     clay
                                                                                              soil
                                       GWML        global"               GML
                                       GeoSciML                          O&M
<RockMaterial>
  <geneticCategory>
      <CGI_TermValue>
                                                                                    W*S!
         <value…>Sedimentary</value>
                                                    local"                          SOS!
      </CGI_TermValue>                                                                       QC
  </geneticCategory>
  <lithology>                                                                                SABL
    …                                                                                        ARGL
    <name…>Sand</name>
                                                                                             TERR
  </lithology>
                                                    CSW!                            local
                                                                                        "


                                                              B. Brodaric—GIN
                                                             Cyberra Summit 2010        12
                                                             Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
GIN translation of results
                                                       Lithology                         GWML
                                                                    syntactic   <lithology>
                                     ON                  Sand                       …
                                                                                    <name…>Sand</name>
                                     QC                  Sand                   </lithoogy>




                                                                   schematic




                    semantic




GIN simple lithology ontology

                                 B. Brodaric—GIN
                                Cyberra Summit 2010                13
                                Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
GIN Main Site: www.gw-info.net




              B. Brodaric—GIN
             Cyberra Summit 2010    14
             Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
GIN Basic Portal

                          <gsml:lithology>
                                                <gsml:ControlledConcept gml:id="gin.cc.2d-2">
                                                                                                GWML
                                                   <gsml:identifier codeSpace="urn:ietf:rfc:2141">urn:x-
                                             ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2d-2"</gsml:identifier>
                                                   <gsml:name codeSpace="urn:x-ngwd:classifierScheme:GIN:Lithology:
                                             2008" xml:lang="fr">Argile</gsml:name>
                                                   <gsml:name codeSpace="urn:x-ngwd:classifierScheme:GIN:Lithology:
                                             2008" xml:lang="eng">Clay</gsml:name>
                                                   <gml:description>A naturally occurring material composed primarily
                                             of fine-grained minerals.
                                                                                  It is generally plastic at appropriate
                                             water contents and will harden when
                                                                     dried of fired (Neuendorf et al. 2005)</
                                             gml:description>
                                             </gsml:lithology>
                                             <gsml:material>
                                                 <gsml:UnconsolidatedMaterial>
                                                    <gsml:consolidationDegree>
                                                         <gsml:CGI_TermValue>
                                                                  <gsml:value
                                             codeSpace="urn:cgi:classifierScheme:BGS:consolidationTerms">UNCONSOLI
                                             DATED</gsml:value>
                                                          </gsml:CGI_TermValue>
                                                    </gsml:consolidationDegree>
                                                   <gsml:physicalProperty>
                                                        <gwml:HydrogeologicDescription>
                                                            <gwml:hydraulicConductivity>
                                                                  <gsml:CGI_NumericValue>
                                                                       <gsml:qualifier>approximate</gsml:qualifier>
                                                                       <gsml:principalValue uom="y_K_md-1">0.001</
                                             gsml:principalValue>
                                                                  </gsml:CGI_NumericValue>
                                                            </gwml:hydraulicConductivity>
                                                        </gwml:HydrogeologicDescription>
                                                    </gsml:physicalProperty>
                                                  </gsml:UnconsolidatedMaterial>

                                                             Google Earth
                                              </gsml:material>




Excel




                                                                                                               B. Brodaric—GIN
                                                                                                           Cyberra Summit 2010      15
        ESRI Shape, GeoDb XML                                                                                Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
GIN Advanced portal




           B. Brodaric—GIN
          Cyberra Summit 2010    16
          Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
GIN Example
  Performance (2 provs)
 50   wells =   2.17 secs, 1.08 Mb
 500 wells = 15.01 secs, 7.74 Mb
 2500 wells = 69.97 secs, 40.80 Mb
 5000 wells = 142.27 secs, 80.41 Mb




                                  B. Brodaric—GIN
                                 Cyberra Summit 2010    17
                                 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
Conclusions

  Groundwater data interoperability achieved
 for water well information and preliminarily sensors

  Dynamic mediation effective and efficient
 modest data volumes are realistic within wait-times

  Open geospatial standards for schemas and
   systems are essential




                                       B. Brodaric—GIN
                                      Cyberra Summit 2010    18
                                      Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
URLs
  Groundwater Information Network (GIN)
 www.gw-info.net

  Groundwater Markup Language (GWML)
 http://ngwd-bdnes.cits.rncan.gc.ca/gwml

  GeoSciML
 www.geosciml.org

  WaterML
 http://external.opengis.org/twiki_public/bin/view/HydrologyDWG

  GIN Mediator
 http://ngwd-bdnes.cits.rncan.gc.ca/service/api_ngwds/en/mediator.html

Thank you!
                                      B. Brodaric—GIN
                                     Cyberra Summit 2010    19
                                     Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
B. Brodaric—GIN
Cyberra Summit 2010    20
Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
Semantics: types of ontologies
                  Global Ontology!
                                                        general concepts
                Upper-Level ontology !
          (DOLCE ʻamount-of-matterʼ)"

                  Domain ontology !                      public schema
                                                         public vocabulary
                (GeoSciML ʻlithologyʼ, "
                  GeoSciML ʻsandʼ)"


                                                            local schema
                                                            local vocabulary
   Application                       Application
    ontology !                        ontology !
  (ON ʻmaterial1ʼ,                 (QC ʻmatprimʼ,
    ON ʻsandʼ)"                      QC ʻSABLʼ)"



        sand                                 SABL
         clay                                ARGL
         soil                                TERR


                                  B. Brodaric—GIN
                                Cyberra Summit 2010       21
                                 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
Schematics: GWML example
                        standard
                        structure
<gsml:lithology>                                                                                                standard
         <gsml:ControlledConcept gml:id="gin.cc.2d-2">                                                          content
            <gsml:identifier codeSpace="urn:ietf:rfc:2141">urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2d-2"</gsml:identifier>
            <gsml:name codeSpace="urn:x-ngwd:classifierScheme:GIN:Lithology:2008" xml:lang="fr">Argile</gsml:name>
            <gsml:name codeSpace="urn:x-ngwd:classifierScheme:GIN:Lithology:2008" xml:lang="eng">Clay</gsml:name>
            <gml:description>A naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained minerals.
                              It is generally plastic at appropriate water contents and will harden when
                              dried of fired (Neuendorf et al. 2005)</gml:description>
      </gsml:lithology>
      <gsml:material>
          <gsml:UnconsolidatedMaterial>
             <gsml:consolidationDegree>
                  <gsml:CGI_TermValue>
              <gsml:value codeSpace="urn:cgi:classifierScheme:BGS:consolidationTerms">UNCONSOLIDATED</gsml:value>
                   </gsml:CGI_TermValue>
             </gsml:consolidationDegree>
            <gsml:physicalProperty>
                 <gwml:HydrogeologicDescription>
                     <gwml:hydraulicConductivity>
              <gsml:CGI_NumericValue>
                   <gsml:qualifier>approximate</gsml:qualifier>
                   <gsml:principalValue uom="y_K_md-1">0.001</gsml:principalValue>
              </gsml:CGI_NumericValue>
                     </gwml:hydraulicConductivity>
                 </gwml:HydrogeologicDescription>
             </gsml:physicalProperty>
           </gsml:UnconsolidatedMaterial>
       </gsml:material>

                                                              B. Brodaric—GIN
                                                            Cyberra Summit 2010          22
                                                             Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
Approach: users
1. Portal users: end-users (water managers, scientists, consultants, public)
   GIN Advanced    OGSR Library        GIN Basic         Atlantic ENV




     Troo Corp      OGSR Trust




2. Pipeline users: data processors (portal and tool developers)




                                   B. Brodaric—GIN
                                  Cyberra Summit 2010      23
                                  Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
Mediator implementation
  Open source
  Cocoon, Java, SAX, XML, XSLT

  Re-usable
  Customizable: plug and play data sources and mappings

  Efficient
  Multi-threaded, parallel, cached data stream

  Tested
  GIN, GeoSciML Testbed, OneGeology

  Freely available
  http://ngwd-bdnes.cits.rncan.gc.ca/service/api_ngwds/en/mediator.html

                                        B. Brodaric—GIN
                                       Cyberra Summit 2010    24
                                       Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
Semantics

  GIN lithology ontology (subset of GeoSciML)
  language-neutral concepts (URN), multi-lingual terms, defs
 - concept = urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c
 - terms = “sand” (English), “sable” (French)
 - definition =




  enables: multi-lingual query and data download
  need to represent definitions in an ontology
                                   B. Brodaric—GIN
                                  Cyberra Summit 2010    25
                                  Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
Semantic mapping

  Semantic mapping
  LAV: local terms mapped to global concepts
 mapping specification: XML file (moving to OWL)

  e.g. ON ‘sand’ mapping
 <map:rule   global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c"     local="Sand" />
 <map:rule   global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c"     local="sand" />
 <map:rule   global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c"     local="sadn" />
 <map:rule   global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c"     local="sad" />

 <map:rule   global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c"     local="Fine Sand" />
 <map:rule   global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c"     local="medium fine sand" />
 <map:rule   global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c"     local="Medium Sand" />
 <map:rule   global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c"     local="Coarse Sand" />

 <map:rule   global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c"     local="Sandy" />
 <map:rule   global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c"     local="Ssandy" />
 <map:rule   global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c"     local="sand silt" />
 <map:rule   global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c"     local="Quicksand" />


                                              B. Brodaric—GIN
                                            Cyberra Summit 2010          26
                                             Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
Schema mapping

  Schema mapping
 LAV: local schema mapped to global schema
 mapping specification: modified GWML data file

 <gsml:lithology>
        <gsml:ControlledConcept>
        <gsml:identifier>ont:geostratumlog/ont:GeologyStratum/
 ont:material_1</gsml:identifier>
        <gsml:identifier>ont:geostratumlog/ont:GeologyStratum/
 ont:material_2</gsml:identifier>
        <gsml:identifier>ont:geostratumlog/ont:GeologyStratum/
 ont:material_3</gsml:identifier>
        </gsml:ControlledConcept>
 </gsml:lithology>




                                      B. Brodaric—GIN
                                     Cyberra Summit 2010    27
                                     Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
GWML scope
water water properties water budget ,aquifers wells observations
                                      reservoirs




                                     B. Brodaric—GIN
                                    Cyberra Summit 2010    28
                                    Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
GWML lineage

  parts of GWML extend GeoSciML, O&M
 GeologicUnit   EarthMaterial PhysicalDescription       Observation




                             B. Brodaric—GIN
                            Cyberra Summit 2010    29
                            Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
GWML/GeoSciML design
  ConceptualLogicalPhysical GML schema design
                                                                  <LithodemicUnit gml:id="GSV53">
                                                                    <gml:description>Granite, syenite, volcanogenic sandstone,
                                                                     conglomerate, minor trachyte lava</gml:description>
                                                                    <gml:name>Mount Leinster Igneous Complex</gml:name>
                                                                    <purpose>typicalNorm</purpose>
                                                                    <age>
                                                                      <GeologicAge>
                                                                        <value>
                                                                           <CGI_TermRange>
                                                                             <lower>
                                                                               <CGI_TermValue>
                                                                                 <value codeSpace="http://www.iugs-
                                                                                      cgi.org/geologicAgeVocabulary">Triassic</value>
                                                                               </CGI_TermValue>
                                                                             </lower>
                         <owl:Class rdf:about="#GeologicUnit">
                                                                             <upper>
            concept to GML
                         <rdfs:subClassOf>           GML-UML     to XML        <CGI_TermValue>
                             <owl:Restriction>
                                                                                 <value codeSpace="http://www.iugs-
                               <owl:onProperty
                       rdf:resource="http://www.loa-cnr.it/                           cgi.org/geologicAgeVocabulary">Triassic</value>
                       ontologies/ExtendedDnS.owl#plays"/>                     </CGI_TermValue>
                               <owl:allValuesFrom                            </upper>
                       rdf:resource="#GeologicUnitPart"/>                  </CGI_TermRange>
                             </owl:Restriction>                         </value>
                           </rdfs:subClassOf>                           <event>
                                                                           <CGI_TermValue>
                                                                             <value codeSpace="http://www.iugs-
conceptual model:                                                              cgi.org/geologicAgeEventVocabulary">intrusion</value>
                                                                           </CGI_TermValue>
OWL/UML, no GML                                                         </event>
                                                                      </GeologicAge>
                      logical model: GML-UML                        </age>
                                                                                                     physical model: GML-XML
                                                                    <age>

                                                                   B. Brodaric—GIN
                                                                 Cyberra Summit 2010          30
                                                                  Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
Next Steps

  More geographic coverage
 other Canadian partners

  Higher quality data
 time-indexed data: water levels, flow rates, quality… SOS

  More types of data
 aquifers, geology, 3D,… WCS

  More tools
 3D Modeling,…

  More infrastructure
 CWS, OWL Reasoner/Service!

                                       B. Brodaric—GIN
                                     Cyberra Summit 2010     31
                                      Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
GIN demo




       demo




            B. Brodaric—GIN
           Cyberra Summit 2010    32
           Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
Outline

  Interoperability requirements
  Groundwater data in Canada

  Approach: Groundwater Info Network (GIN)
 CGDI-based architecture
 Semantic Interoperability
 Schematic Interoperability

  Example
 Implementation
 Portals


                                B. Brodaric—GIN
                               Cyberra Summit 2010    33
                               Banff, 22 Sept. 2010

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A GeoPortal for Canadian Groundwater Data - Boyan Brodaric, Natural Resources Canada

  • 1. GIN: A Cyberinfrastructure and GeoPortal for Canadian Groundwater Data Boyan Brodaric Geological Survey of Canada Natural Resources Canada B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 1 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 2. Themes   Data Cyberinfrastructure (CI) web-based resources for data interoperability   Spatial Data (cyber)Infrastructure (SDI) open standards for geographically located features and observations   Groundwater Information Network (GIN) Canadian network for groundwater data B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 2 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 3. GW data in Canada   Distributed, Uncoordinated data Feds (< 10), provs & terrs (<50), municipalities (100s?), watershed authorities (100s?)   Heterogeneous data Data use, content, structure, systems (dbs, sensors) Use   Variable Volume Budgets Use (e.g. extraction, vulnerability): ? Budgets (e.g. regional recharge): 10s? Reservoirs Reservoirs (e.g. aquifers): 100s Observations (e.g. wells, monitoring): 1Ms-10Ms Observations   Variable Quality Completeness, consistency, location B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 3 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 4. GW data in Canada   Ontario & Quebec schematic and semantic heterogeneity in water-well data Quebec rock type Ontario rock type B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 4 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 5. Recent calls for action GW Data Access   More online access   Consolidate access   Better data quality   More data (use, monitoring) GW Data Management B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 5 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 6. Approach   Groundwater Information Network (GIN) NRCan, 9 prov/terr (YK, BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NS, NL), USGS Seamless access to GW information Start with water well databases then sensors GeoConnections seed funding Jan2008-Mar2009   Principles Distributed: data stays with owners Seamless: acts as one virtual database Multi-access: multiple portals, tools Standards-based: nat’l CGDI & int’l OGC/ISO standards e.g. Groundwater ML (GWML) WaterML GeoSciML B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 6 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 7. Results B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 7 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 8. Approach: data interoperability   Overcome levels of data heterogeneity pragmatic GW Practices (data usage) semantic GW Ontology (data content) schema GWML, WaterML (data structure) Groundwater OGC syntax GML (data language) system WFS, WMS,… (data systems) B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 8 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 9. Approach: interop architectures   Catalog   Warehouse   Network central registry central database central mediator, registry unconsolidated access consolidated access consolidated access common standards common standards common standards fragmented data duplicate, delayed data virtual, real-time data e.g. US-CUAHSI e.g. AU-AWRIS, EU-WISE e.g. GIN OGC OGC OGC OGC registry mediator registry ON registry QC OGC OGC OGC OGC ON QC ON QC B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 9 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 10. Approach: design   Groundwater Information Network GIN Advanced: 3D, analysis GML GWML WaterML WMS, WFS, SOS GWML GML-BC GML-AB GML-SK GML-ON GWML GML GML WMS, WFS, SOS B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 10 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 11. Typical mediator architecture Ontology! reasoner" matcher" Client! Wrapper ! “find all water wells with global " ON unconsolidated materials” ! sand clay Mediator! local " soil <RockMaterial> <geneticCategory> <CGI_TermValue> global" Wrapper ! <value…>Sedimentary</value> QC </CGI_TermValue> </geneticCategory> global " SABL <lithology> … ARGL <name…>Sand</name> TERR </lithology> Registry! metadata" local "   send query   distribute query   translate query (globallocal)   receive results   integrate results   translate results (localglobal)   distribute results B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 11 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 12. GIN Mediator architecture   receive & translate query   distribute query   receive results   translate & integrate results   send query   distribute results   receive results Ontology! W*S! Client! SOS! “find all water wells with unconsolidated material” ! ON W*S, SOS! sand WaterML Mediator! local " clay soil GWML global" GML GeoSciML O&M <RockMaterial> <geneticCategory> <CGI_TermValue> W*S! <value…>Sedimentary</value> local" SOS! </CGI_TermValue> QC </geneticCategory> <lithology> SABL … ARGL <name…>Sand</name> TERR </lithology> CSW! local " B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 12 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 13. GIN translation of results Lithology GWML syntactic <lithology> ON Sand … <name…>Sand</name> QC Sand </lithoogy> schematic semantic GIN simple lithology ontology B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 13 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 14. GIN Main Site: www.gw-info.net B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 14 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 15. GIN Basic Portal <gsml:lithology> <gsml:ControlledConcept gml:id="gin.cc.2d-2"> GWML <gsml:identifier codeSpace="urn:ietf:rfc:2141">urn:x- ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2d-2"</gsml:identifier> <gsml:name codeSpace="urn:x-ngwd:classifierScheme:GIN:Lithology: 2008" xml:lang="fr">Argile</gsml:name> <gsml:name codeSpace="urn:x-ngwd:classifierScheme:GIN:Lithology: 2008" xml:lang="eng">Clay</gsml:name> <gml:description>A naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained minerals. It is generally plastic at appropriate water contents and will harden when dried of fired (Neuendorf et al. 2005)</ gml:description> </gsml:lithology> <gsml:material> <gsml:UnconsolidatedMaterial> <gsml:consolidationDegree> <gsml:CGI_TermValue> <gsml:value codeSpace="urn:cgi:classifierScheme:BGS:consolidationTerms">UNCONSOLI DATED</gsml:value> </gsml:CGI_TermValue> </gsml:consolidationDegree> <gsml:physicalProperty> <gwml:HydrogeologicDescription> <gwml:hydraulicConductivity> <gsml:CGI_NumericValue> <gsml:qualifier>approximate</gsml:qualifier> <gsml:principalValue uom="y_K_md-1">0.001</ gsml:principalValue> </gsml:CGI_NumericValue> </gwml:hydraulicConductivity> </gwml:HydrogeologicDescription> </gsml:physicalProperty> </gsml:UnconsolidatedMaterial> Google Earth </gsml:material> Excel B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 15 ESRI Shape, GeoDb XML Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 16. GIN Advanced portal B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 16 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 17. GIN Example   Performance (2 provs) 50 wells = 2.17 secs, 1.08 Mb 500 wells = 15.01 secs, 7.74 Mb 2500 wells = 69.97 secs, 40.80 Mb 5000 wells = 142.27 secs, 80.41 Mb B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 17 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 18. Conclusions   Groundwater data interoperability achieved for water well information and preliminarily sensors   Dynamic mediation effective and efficient modest data volumes are realistic within wait-times   Open geospatial standards for schemas and systems are essential B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 18 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 19. URLs   Groundwater Information Network (GIN) www.gw-info.net   Groundwater Markup Language (GWML) http://ngwd-bdnes.cits.rncan.gc.ca/gwml   GeoSciML www.geosciml.org   WaterML http://external.opengis.org/twiki_public/bin/view/HydrologyDWG   GIN Mediator http://ngwd-bdnes.cits.rncan.gc.ca/service/api_ngwds/en/mediator.html Thank you! B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 19 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 20. B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 20 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 21. Semantics: types of ontologies Global Ontology! general concepts Upper-Level ontology ! (DOLCE ʻamount-of-matterʼ)" Domain ontology ! public schema public vocabulary (GeoSciML ʻlithologyʼ, " GeoSciML ʻsandʼ)" local schema local vocabulary Application Application ontology ! ontology ! (ON ʻmaterial1ʼ, (QC ʻmatprimʼ, ON ʻsandʼ)" QC ʻSABLʼ)" sand SABL clay ARGL soil TERR B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 21 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 22. Schematics: GWML example standard structure <gsml:lithology> standard <gsml:ControlledConcept gml:id="gin.cc.2d-2"> content <gsml:identifier codeSpace="urn:ietf:rfc:2141">urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2d-2"</gsml:identifier> <gsml:name codeSpace="urn:x-ngwd:classifierScheme:GIN:Lithology:2008" xml:lang="fr">Argile</gsml:name> <gsml:name codeSpace="urn:x-ngwd:classifierScheme:GIN:Lithology:2008" xml:lang="eng">Clay</gsml:name> <gml:description>A naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained minerals. It is generally plastic at appropriate water contents and will harden when dried of fired (Neuendorf et al. 2005)</gml:description> </gsml:lithology> <gsml:material> <gsml:UnconsolidatedMaterial> <gsml:consolidationDegree> <gsml:CGI_TermValue> <gsml:value codeSpace="urn:cgi:classifierScheme:BGS:consolidationTerms">UNCONSOLIDATED</gsml:value> </gsml:CGI_TermValue> </gsml:consolidationDegree> <gsml:physicalProperty> <gwml:HydrogeologicDescription> <gwml:hydraulicConductivity> <gsml:CGI_NumericValue> <gsml:qualifier>approximate</gsml:qualifier> <gsml:principalValue uom="y_K_md-1">0.001</gsml:principalValue> </gsml:CGI_NumericValue> </gwml:hydraulicConductivity> </gwml:HydrogeologicDescription> </gsml:physicalProperty> </gsml:UnconsolidatedMaterial> </gsml:material> B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 22 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 23. Approach: users 1. Portal users: end-users (water managers, scientists, consultants, public) GIN Advanced OGSR Library GIN Basic Atlantic ENV Troo Corp OGSR Trust 2. Pipeline users: data processors (portal and tool developers) B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 23 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 24. Mediator implementation   Open source Cocoon, Java, SAX, XML, XSLT   Re-usable Customizable: plug and play data sources and mappings   Efficient Multi-threaded, parallel, cached data stream   Tested GIN, GeoSciML Testbed, OneGeology   Freely available http://ngwd-bdnes.cits.rncan.gc.ca/service/api_ngwds/en/mediator.html B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 24 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 25. Semantics   GIN lithology ontology (subset of GeoSciML)   language-neutral concepts (URN), multi-lingual terms, defs - concept = urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c - terms = “sand” (English), “sable” (French) - definition =   enables: multi-lingual query and data download   need to represent definitions in an ontology B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 25 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 26. Semantic mapping   Semantic mapping LAV: local terms mapped to global concepts mapping specification: XML file (moving to OWL)   e.g. ON ‘sand’ mapping <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="Sand" /> <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="sand" /> <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="sadn" /> <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="sad" /> <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="Fine Sand" /> <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="medium fine sand" /> <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="Medium Sand" /> <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="Coarse Sand" /> <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="Sandy" /> <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="Ssandy" /> <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="sand silt" /> <map:rule global="urn:x-ngwd:vocabulary:gin:2c" local="Quicksand" /> B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 26 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 27. Schema mapping   Schema mapping LAV: local schema mapped to global schema mapping specification: modified GWML data file <gsml:lithology> <gsml:ControlledConcept> <gsml:identifier>ont:geostratumlog/ont:GeologyStratum/ ont:material_1</gsml:identifier> <gsml:identifier>ont:geostratumlog/ont:GeologyStratum/ ont:material_2</gsml:identifier> <gsml:identifier>ont:geostratumlog/ont:GeologyStratum/ ont:material_3</gsml:identifier> </gsml:ControlledConcept> </gsml:lithology> B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 27 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 28. GWML scope water water properties water budget ,aquifers wells observations reservoirs B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 28 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 29. GWML lineage   parts of GWML extend GeoSciML, O&M GeologicUnit EarthMaterial PhysicalDescription Observation B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 29 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 30. GWML/GeoSciML design   ConceptualLogicalPhysical GML schema design <LithodemicUnit gml:id="GSV53"> <gml:description>Granite, syenite, volcanogenic sandstone, conglomerate, minor trachyte lava</gml:description> <gml:name>Mount Leinster Igneous Complex</gml:name> <purpose>typicalNorm</purpose> <age> <GeologicAge> <value> <CGI_TermRange> <lower> <CGI_TermValue> <value codeSpace="http://www.iugs- cgi.org/geologicAgeVocabulary">Triassic</value> </CGI_TermValue> </lower> <owl:Class rdf:about="#GeologicUnit"> <upper> concept to GML <rdfs:subClassOf> GML-UML to XML <CGI_TermValue> <owl:Restriction> <value codeSpace="http://www.iugs- <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.loa-cnr.it/ cgi.org/geologicAgeVocabulary">Triassic</value> ontologies/ExtendedDnS.owl#plays"/> </CGI_TermValue> <owl:allValuesFrom </upper> rdf:resource="#GeologicUnitPart"/> </CGI_TermRange> </owl:Restriction> </value> </rdfs:subClassOf> <event> <CGI_TermValue> <value codeSpace="http://www.iugs- conceptual model: cgi.org/geologicAgeEventVocabulary">intrusion</value> </CGI_TermValue> OWL/UML, no GML </event> </GeologicAge> logical model: GML-UML </age> physical model: GML-XML <age> B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 30 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 31. Next Steps   More geographic coverage other Canadian partners   Higher quality data time-indexed data: water levels, flow rates, quality… SOS   More types of data aquifers, geology, 3D,… WCS   More tools 3D Modeling,…   More infrastructure CWS, OWL Reasoner/Service! B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 31 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 32. GIN demo demo B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 32 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010
  • 33. Outline   Interoperability requirements Groundwater data in Canada   Approach: Groundwater Info Network (GIN) CGDI-based architecture Semantic Interoperability Schematic Interoperability   Example Implementation Portals B. Brodaric—GIN Cyberra Summit 2010 33 Banff, 22 Sept. 2010