1. Sensation and Perception

5. Light: The Visual Stimulus Gamma rays X-rays Ultra- violet rays Infrared rays Radar Broadcast bands AC circuits Visible light Prism White light 400 500 600 700 10 -5 10 -3 10 -1 10 1 10 3 10 5 10 7 10 9 10 11 10 13 10 15 10 17 Wavelength in nanometers (billionths of a meter)

11. Rods Cones

20. Complementary Afterimages

27. Intensity of Various Sounds Example P (in sound- pressure units) Log P Decibels Softest detectable sound Soft whisper Quiet neighborhood Average conversation Loud music from a radio Heavy automobile traffic Very loud thunder Jet airplane taking off Loudest rock band on record Spacecraft launch 9 from 150 ft. 1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 100,000,000 1,000,000,000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

30. Anatomy of the Ear Pinna Sound waves Auditory Canal Stirrup Cochlea Auditory nerve Semicircular canals Round window Oval window Where stirrup attaches Eardrum (tympanic Membrane) Bone Hammer Anvil

31. Anatomy of the Ear Outer ear Middle ear Inner ear A sound causes the basilar membrane to wave up and down Basilar membrane Hair cells Tectorial membrane Round window Eardrum Oval window Cochlea, partially uncoiled Stirrup Anvil Hammer Sound waves Auditory canal

56. Stereogram

61. Some Perceptual Illusions