Presenting a paper to the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A 2013)

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Conversational Internet:
A natural language interface for webpages
Dale Lane – IBM United Kingdom
14 May 2013
dale.lane@uk.ibm.com

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Challenge

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Challenge

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Motivation

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Understanding the page : Identifying type

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Understanding the page : Identifying navigation options

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Understanding the page : Identifying calls-to-action

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Understanding the user : Retrieving information

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Understanding the user : Mouse actions

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Understanding the user : Mouse actions

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Understanding the user : Keyboard actions

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Understanding the user : Keyboard actions

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Understanding the user : Keyboard actions

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Conversational Internet
 Presenting an early-stage prototype being developed to explore the potential for
question answering as an alternative approach to screen-readers for retrieving
information from web pages
 Architecture and approach inspired by active area of research and development in
question answering on a knowledge derived from a corpus of documents
(Ferucci, Lally, Chu-Carroll, et al)
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=6177717

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Implementation
browser
extension
UIMA
LanguageWare
Java
client server

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Implementation
new request new request
response
with
conv. id
response
follow-up
request
request
with
conv. id
“what can I do?”
“the options are...”
“I want to do...”

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Implementation : Client
 Firefox extension
 Submits current state of
the page to server for
analysis
 Training mode

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Implementation : Server
 Analyzing the page
 Processing user queries

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Implementation : Server : Understanding the page

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Implementation : Server : Understanding the page
What type of site is this?
 Machine learning classifiers
 Whitelists of known domains

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Implementation : Server : Understanding the page
What can we infer from markup used?
 Semantic tags
 ARIA
 CSS class names

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Implementation : Server : Understanding the page
What does the structure of the page layout suggest?
 Machine learning models for common page elements

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Implementation : Server : Understanding the page
What does the text of the page tell us?
 Natural Language Processing using LanguageWare to recognize common forms
of call-to-action

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Implementation : Server : Responding to queries

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Implementation : Server : Responding to queries
Interpreting the query
 NLP rules created with LanguageWare to map to closest known command type
 WordNet to attempt matches using synonyms of unknown terms

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Implementation : Server : Responding to queries
Extracting the requested information
 Information requested from page extracted from serialized CAS created by first
pipeline, by retrieving sections with relevant annotations

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Implementation : Server : Responding to queries
Preparing a response
 Speech generated using Nuance NDev and streamed to client

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Future work / Limitations
 Use cases
 Usability testing
 RIA / AJAX sites

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 Paper submitted to W4A
– http://goo.gl/3X2iv
 Overview presentation
– http://youtu.be/uS6oquJdgbw
 Demonstration of the prototype
– http://youtu.be/tSGyPCcO-bY
Dale Lane
dale.lane@uk.ibm.com
@dalelane