WISEBED Tutorial @ ADHOCNETS 2011

WISEBED - Wireless Sensor Network Testbeds
Experimentation on the
WISEBED WSN Testbed Platform
Daniel Bimschas
Institute of Telematics, University of Lübeck
bimschas@itm.uni-luebeck.de
http://www.itm.uni-luebeck.de

WISEBED – Wireless Sensor Network Testbeds – http://wisebed.eu
Goals of Today’s Tutorial
n  After this tutorial you should:
§  Be able to run and script experiments on the WISEBED testbed
platform,
§  Have basic knowledge about APIs and client applications, and
§  Find all necessary documentation
n  During the talk:
§  Please install and boot the WISEBED Virtual Machine (from DVD!) or
§  Install the Experimentation Scripts (Linux / Mac OS X)
2

WISEBED
New Website

New Website
n  New website launched last Friday: http://wisebed.eu/
n  More user-centric
§  Clients / Libraries / Documentation
§  Development Tools
§  Community (join the mailing lists!)
§  …
n  Sign up for a WISEBED testbed account online:
http://wisebed.eu/site/index.php/register/
n  Send us your Feedback
§  Did you like the site? Why?
§  Did you find everything you were looking for? What was missing?
§  Got ideas for improvement? Tell us!
4

Outline
1.  Overview
§  Available Sensor Nodes
§  Testbed Architecture
§  Terms
2.  Client Applications
§  Web-based
§  Desktop-based
3.  Web Service APIs
4.  Live Presentation
5.  Experimentation Hands-On
6.  Advanced Topics (Outlook)
§  Cross-Platform Application Development with the Wiselib
§  Run your own Testbed
§  Virtual Testbeds
5

Available Sensor Nodes
n  Snapshot from 20. September 2011
n  Distributed across 9 testbeds
§  For an up-to-date snapshot see:
http://wisebed.itm.uni-luebeck.de/wiseui-beta/
§  Next week: extension by 144 nodes planned (iSense, TelosB, Pacemate)
6

WISEBED
Testbed Architecture
Overview

WISEBED Virtual Unifying Laboratory 8
WISEBED
Federation
ULANC
TUD
TUBS
FUB
UZL
UNIGE
UBERN
UPC
CTI
Web Services on the
Portal Server
Portal Servers at
each WISEBED Site
Each Partner
maintains its own
testbed with
different hardware
equipment and
setup
Users connect to
a single testbed
directly using a
Web service API
Users connect to the federated testbed
using the same Web service API
Add simulated
nodes to the mix

Terms
n  Portal Server
§  Exposes a testbed via Web services
n  Gateway
§  Sensor nodes are attached to the gateways
§  Typically
-  the same machine as the Portal Server, or
-  some other machine with IP-connectivity to the Portal Server
-  Clock-synchronized using the Network Time Protocol (NTP)
n  Federator
§  Connects two or more Portal Servers
§  Exposes them as one testbed (using the same API)
§  Used for testbed virtualization (more on that later!)
9

Terms
n  Sensor Node URN
§  Addressing of nodes using a Uniform Resource Identifier (URN)
§  Example: “urn:wisebed:uzl1:0x1234“
§  URN suffix corresponds with the MAC address of the node (0x1234)
n  URN prefix
§  Identifier for a testbed
§  Example: “urn:wisebed:testbeduzl:”
§  Each Portal Server is responsible for one or more URN prefixes
§  All nodes inside this testbed have the same common prefix
n  WiseML
§  XML dialect to describe testbed configurations, topologies and
experiment traces
10

A Typical Testbed Architecture 11
FederatorExperimenter 1
Experimenter 2
Gateways
Portal Server
Gateways
Portal Server
Serial (USB) connections
LAN

The Lübeck Testbed
n  164 sensor nodes in total
§  54 iSense
§  54 Telos B
§  54 Pacemates
12

The Lübeck Testbed
n  Distributed over all rooms of the Institute
Screenshot: SpyGlass - a modular and extensible visualization framework for WSNs
13

WISEBED
Web-based
Client Applications

Web Clients - TARWIS
n  http://wisebed.eu/site/index.php/conduct-experiments/web-clients/tarwis/
15

Web Clients - TARWIS
n  Great tool for basic usage scenarios
(e.g. reserve, deploy, execute, analyze)
n  Allows to preconfigure and schedule experiments for automatic
execution
n  Disadvantages:
§  No scripting
§  No interaction with running experiments
§  Performance issues when experiments generate lots of output
16

Web Clients - WiseUI
n  http://wisebed.eu/site/index.php/conduct-experiments/web-clients/wiseui/
17

Web Clients - WiseUI
n  Expected to become the standard user interface
n  Currently under heavy development
n  Beta version available
§  Only limited (basic) functionality
§  No scheduling, scripting
§  http://wisebed.itm.uni-luebeck.de/wiseui-beta/
n  Useful for reservation and testbeds overview
18

WISEBED
Desktop
Client Applications

Desktop Clients - SpyGlass 20
n  A modular and extensible visualization framework for WSNs
n  http://wisebed.eu/site/index.php/conduct-experiments/desktop-clients/spyglass/

Desktop Clients – Experimentation Scripts 21
n  A set of command line scripts to execute, control and interact
with your experiment
n  http://wisebed.eu/site/index.php/conduct-experiments/desktop-clients/experimentation-scripts/
n  Allows you to
§  “Program” your experiments
§  E.g. explore parameter space
§  Automatically repeat experiments
§  Programmatically analyze, convert and process output of nodes
n  How does it work?
§  Scripts written in the Java programming language (BeanShell interpreter)
§  Executed from the command line
§  Like all clients they use the WISEBED Web Service APIs

WISEBED
Web Service APIs
Basics

The WISEBED Testbed APIs
n  SNAA: Sensor Network Authentication and Authorization API
n  Facade in front of the single sign-on system Shibboleth
n  Supports other authentication/authorization frameworks, too
n  http://wisebed.eu/api/java/current/reference/eu/wisebed/api/snaa/SNAA.html
n  http://wisebed.eu/api/wsdl/snaa/current/
23
RS
SNAA
Session
Management
WSN
WSN
WSN
WSN

Controller

iWSN

n  RS: Reservation System API
n  Provides basic operations for reservations
n  Different implementations in use (Google Calendar, JPA, ...)
§  http://wisebed.eu/api/java/current/reference/eu/wisebed/api/rs/RS.html
§  http://wisebed.eu/api/wsdl/rs/current/
24
RS
SNAA
Session
Management
WSN
WSN
WSN
WSN

Controller

iWSN

n  Controller API
n  Runs on client side
n  „Controls“ the experiment
n  Receives output and backend notifications
§  http://wisebed.eu/api/java/current/reference/eu/wisebed/api/controller/Controller.html
§  http://wisebed.eu/api/wsdl/iwsn/current/
25
RS
SNAA
Session
Management
WSN
WSN
WSN
WSN

Controller

iWSN

n  Session Management API
n  Provides method to static testbed (configuration) information
n  Provides access to the reserved nodes (via getInstance())
§  http://wisebed.eu/api/java/current/reference/eu/wisebed/api/sm/SessionManagement.html
26
RS
SNAA
Session
Management
WSN
WSN
WSN
WSN

Controller

iWSN

n  WSN: Wireless Sensor Network API (selection of methods!)
n  Provides methods to
§  Interact with sensor nodes (flash, reset, send messages, …)
§  Configure the backend system (more on that later!)
§  http://wisebed.eu/api/java/current/reference/eu/wisebed/api/wsn/WSN.html
27
RS
SNAA
Session
Management
WSN
WSN
WSN
WSN

Controller

iWSN

Interaction of the APIs - Client Perspective 28
!"#"$%&'()*+,#-".*
/0123345#"6"785-.89)5:
;9"6"<=87"2>>>?3$#*
+@AA*
/0123345#"6"785-.89)5:
;9"6"<=87"2>>?B3#)&&*
5C+@*
+"##5()*D&)&E".")-*
/0123345#"6"785-.89)5:
;9"6"<=87"2>>>>3#"##5()#*
C+@*
F$5%&-"*G!H*
I()-$(;;"$*
J"&)+/";;*+<$51-*
K8*$"#"$%"*)(7"#*
L8*<$"&-"*")71(5)-*
M8*$"-$5"%"*C+@*5)#-&)<"*
)NO8*#/9-7(4)*C+@*5)#-&)<"*
P""76&<=*</&))";*

Interaction of the APIs – Backend Perspective 29
isAuthorized()
User SNAA RS
Session
Management
authenticate()
secretAuthenticationKeys
makeReservation()
reply
secretReservationKeys
getInstance()
getReservation()
reservationData
Private WSN API endpoint URL WSN
<<create>>

Live Presentation
n  Experimentation Scripts
n  Pre-installed in the WISEBED Virtual Machine
http://wisebed.eu/site/index.php/application-development/virtual-machine/
n  Download 0.7.3-SNAPSHOT
http://www.itm.uni-luebeck.de/projects/testbed-runtime-htdocs/tr.experimentation-scripts-0.7.3-
SNAPSHOT.tar.gz
n  Documentation
https://github.com/itm/testbed-runtime/wiki/Experimentation-Scripts-0.7.3
30

Live Presentation
1.  List node URNs of type „isense“
wb-list-node-urns testbeds/uzl.properties lines isense 
export NODES=…"
2.  Reserve nodes (20 minutes, starting from now)
wb-reserve testbeds/uzl.properties 20 0 $NODES 
export RESERVATION=…"
3.  Check liveliness
wb-are-nodes-alive testbeds/uzl.properties $RESERVATION"
4.  Listen to node output
wb-listen testbeds/uzl.properties $RESERVATION 
"
5.  Reset nodes
wb-reset testbeds/uzl.properties $RESERVATION 
"
6.  Flash nodes
wb-flash testbeds/uzl.properties $RESERVATION binary-images/
example_app.bin
31

Live Presentation 32

WISEBED
Web Service APIs
Advanced Stuff

The Channel Pipeline
n  Problem:
§  Every sensor node operating system uses a different message framing
n  Examples:
§  TinyOS: Raw or HdlcTranslateC (HDLC-based framing)
§  iSense: Raw or DLE STX ... DLE ETX (HDLC-like framing)
§  Your experimental OS: ?
n  Testbed backend can only forward raw bytes to clients
34

The Channel Pipeline
n  Configurable preprocessing of node output in the backend
35
Sensor Node
Client
DownstreamUpstream
Upstream Handler N
Upstream Handler N-1
Upstream Handler 1
…
Downstream Handler 1
…
Downstream Handler N
Downstream Handler N-1
Channel Pipeline

The Channel Pipeline 36
n  Example configurations:
Sensor Node
Client
DownstreamUpstream
Raw Bytes = Empty Channel Pipeline
Sensor Node
Client
DownstreamUpstream
DleStxEtxFramingDecoder DleStxEtxFramingEncoder
Messages = Framing / Deframing Handlers
DLE STX hell o world DLE ETX
hello world
DLE STX hell o world DLE ETX
hello world

The Channel Pipeline 37

Live Presentation 38

WISEBED
Hands-On Session

Hands-On Session
1.  List node URNs of type „isense“ on UZL testbed
(wb-list-node-urns) Only 1 node!!!
2.  Reserve nodes (60 minutes, starting from now)
(wb-reserve)
3.  Check liveliness (wb-are-nodes-alive)
4.  Listen to node output (wb-listen)"
5.  Reset nodes (wb-reset)"
6.  Flash nodes (wb-flash)
7.  Set an empty channel pipeline
(set-channel-pipeline)
8.  Set a DleStxEtx channel pipeline
(wb-set-channel-pipeline)
40

WISEBED
Advanced Topics
(Outlook)

42
Wiselib: Platform-independent algorithms
n  Library of algorithms (like the C++ STL)
§  Platform-independent (the Java of WSNs)
§  Avoid vendor lock-in
§  60+ well-known algorithms implemented
§  Template-based, highly efficient (low footprint)
n  Growing community of contributors
§  Benefit from others, contribute for others
n  Preinstalled in the Virtual Machine
42

Current Set of Algorithms 43
Routing DSDV, DSR, Tree, Flood, TORA, AODV, …
Clustering BFS, DFS, LEACH, …
Timesync Flash Mob, LTS, TPSN, HRTS, …
Localization
Triangulation, Ad-hoc Positioning, N-hop Multilateration, Robust
Positioning, GPS-free Positioning, …
Energy Saving LMST, FLSS, Kneigh, XTC, CBTC, Ant-based, …
Security SecureHDL, SecureDFS, AES, Elliptic Curve, SHA-1, HARPS, …
Graph Algorithms DDFS, DBFS, TwoHop, Judged, MultiJudged, ParMultiJudged, …
Virtual Links For wired and wireless testbeds

Wiselib: Supported Platforms
OS Radio Timer Logging Clock Serial Random
Contiki þ þ þ þ þ þ
TinyOS þ þ þ þ þ þ
iSense þ þ þ þ þ þ þ
ScatterWeb þ þ þ þ
Feuerware þ þ þ þ
TriSOS þ þ þ þ þ
Shawn þ þ þ þ þ þ þ
Linux þ þ þ þ þ þ
Android þ þ þ þ
iOS þ þ þ þ

Run your own Testbed
n  All WISEBED implementations (back-/frontend) are Open Source!
n  http://wisebed.eu/site/index.php/run-your-own-testbed
n  Reference implementation: Testbed Runtime
n  Run it at your desk
n  Run it with your local (private) testbed
n  Run it in a federation
n  Separate implementations of APIs (for flexibility)
n  Authentication & Authorization (SNAA)
n  Htpasswd, Shibolleth, LDAP, …
n  Reservation (RS)
n  Google Calendar, Java Persistence API, …
n  Experimentation (iWSN)
45

Virtual Links - Introduction 46
TS
VL

VL

VL

VL

VL

TS

VL

VL

VL

VL

VL

Virtual Links
n  Virtual radio is used by the application instead of the physical one
§  For every packet that passes through it decides depending on the
destination ID
§  To drop it/alter it
§  To forward it via one or all interfaces
47
Application uses
special „virtual
radio“ interface
(implemented, e.g.,
in the Wiselib )

Virtual Links
n  Virtual links
between
§  Same testbed
§  Remote
testbeds
§  Real and
simulated
testbeds
n  Virtual radio
forwards
packets to the
testbeds server
n  Testbed server
routes
messages to
the destination
48

Dancing Demo
n  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0F7LFIpDe8
49

Summary
1.  Overview
§  Available Sensor Nodes
§  Testbed Architecture
§  Terms
2.  Client Applications
§  Web-based
§  Desktop-based
3.  Web Service APIs
4.  Live Presentation
5.  Experimentation Hands-On
6.  Advanced Topics (Outlook)
§  Cross-Platform Application Development with the Wiselib
§  Run your own Testbed
§  Virtual Testbeds
50

WISEBED Tutorial @ ADHOCNETS 2011

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