3 Hemodynamics 2ndyears

Hemodynamics Physics of Blood flow in the circulation

Circulatory System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Circulation Schematic Lungs Tissues Left Side of Heart Right Side of Heart A V V A Pulmonary Vein Pulmonary Artery Aorta Sup. & Inf. Vena Cava Mitral Valve Pulmonary Valve Aortic Valve Tricuspid Valve

Heart Valves ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Opening, Closing of Valves - Depends on Pressure differences between blood in adjacent areas

Heart Sounds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Increases Pressure on heart

Blood Vessels ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Blood ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Blood Functions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

As a Result ……. ,[object Object],[object Object],y u(y) No slip at wall

[object Object],[object Object]

Cardiac Output ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Force of blood against vessel wall ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object], with water retention  with dehydration, hemorrage

Overall ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Driving force for blood flow is pressure created by ventricular contraction Elastic arterial walls expand and recoil continuous blood flow ,[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

MAP influenced by ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

BP too low: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

BP too high: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],BP estimated by Sphygmomanometry

Principles of Sphygmomanometry Cuff inflated until brachial artery compressed and blood flow stopped what kind of sound?

turbulent flow Slowly release pressure in cuff:

Pressure at which . . . ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Density of blood = 1.035 that of water Incompetent venous valves  Varicosities Actual Pressure in foot = 4-5 cm H 2 O

Pressures in the circulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1. The LV pressure begins to rise after the QRS wave of the ECG 2. Pressure rises until the LV pressure exceeds the aortic pressure  The blood begins to move from the ventricle to the aorta 3. As blood enters the aorta, the aortic pressure begins to rise to form the systolic pulse 4. As the LV pressure falls in late systole the aortic pressure falls until the LV pressure is below the aortic diastolic press. 5. Then the aortic valve closes and LV pressure falls to LA pressure

Normal Pressures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],AS produces a pressure gradient between the aorta and LV i.e. For blood to move rapidly through a narrowed aortic valve orifice, the pressure must be higher in the ventricle

Pressure Measurement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cardiac Output ( CO) Measurement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

3 Hemodynamics 2ndyears

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3 Hemodynamics 2ndyears