The Respiratory System

22 The Respiratory System Part B

Respiratory Volumes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Respiratory Capacities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Dead Space ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pulmonary Function Tests ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pulmonary Function Tests ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pulmonary Function Tests ,[object Object],[object Object]

Alveolar Ventilation ,[object Object],[object Object],X = (ml/breath) (breaths/min) (ml/min) (TV – dead space) frequency AVR

Nonrespiratory Air Movements ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Basic Properties of Gases: Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Basic Properties of Gases: Henry’s Law

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Composition of Alveolar Gas

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],External Respiration: Pulmonary Gas Exchange

[object Object],[object Object],Partial Pressure Gradients and Gas Solubilities

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Partial Pressure Gradients and Gas Solubilities

Partial Pressure Gradients Figure 22.17

Oxygenation of Blood Figure 22.18

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ventilation-Perfusion Coupling

Ventilation-Perfusion Coupling Figure 22.19

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Surface Area and Thickness of the Respiratory Membrane

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Internal Respiration InterActive Physiology ® : Respiratory System: Gas Exchange PLAY

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Oxygen Transport

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Oxygen Transport: Role of Hemoglobin HHb + O 2 Lungs Tissues HbO 2 + H +

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hemoglobin (Hb)

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Influence of P O2 on Hemoglobin Saturation

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hemoglobin Saturation Curve

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hemoglobin Saturation Curve

Hemoglobin Saturation Curve Figure 22.20

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Other Factors Influencing Hemoglobin Saturation

Other Factors Influencing Hemoglobin Saturation Figure 22.21

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Factors That Increase Release of Oxygen by Hemoglobin

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hemoglobin-Nitric Oxide Partnership

[object Object],[object Object],Hemoglobin-Nitric Oxide Partnership

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Carbon Dioxide Transport

[object Object],[object Object],Transport and Exchange of Carbon Dioxide Bicarbonate ion HCO 3 – Hydrogen ion H +  + H 2 O Water  Carbonic acid Carbon dioxide + H 2 CO 3 CO 2

Transport and Exchange of Carbon Dioxide Figure 22.22a

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Transport and Exchange of Carbon Dioxide

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Transport and Exchange of Carbon Dioxide

Transport and Exchange of Carbon Dioxide Figure 22.22b

[object Object],[object Object],Haldane Effect

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Haldane Effect

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Influence of Carbon Dioxide on Blood pH

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Influence of Carbon Dioxide on Blood pH InterActive Physiology ® : Respiratory System: Gas Transport PLAY

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Control of Respiration: Medullary Respiratory Centers

Control of Respiration: Medullary Respiratory Centers Figure 22.24

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Control of Respiration: Pons Respiratory Centers

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Respiratory Rhythm

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Depth and Rate of Breathing

Medullary Respiratory Centers Figure 22.25

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Depth and Rate of Breathing: Reflexes

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Depth and Rate of Breathing: Higher Brain Centers

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Depth and Rate of Breathing: P CO2

Depth and Rate of Breathing: P CO2 Figure 22.26

[object Object],[object Object],Depth and Rate of Breathing: P CO2

[object Object],[object Object],Depth and Rate of Breathing: Arterial pH

Peripheral Chemoreceptors Figure 22.27

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Depth and Rate of Breathing: Arterial pH

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Respiratory Adjustments: Exercise

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Respiratory Adjustments: Exercise

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Respiratory Adjustments: Exercise InterActive Physiology ® : Respiratory System: Control of Respiration PLAY

[object Object],Respiratory Adjustments: High Altitude

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Respiratory Adjustments: High Altitude

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Pathogenesis of COPD Figure 22.28

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Asthma

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tuberculosis

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Lung Cancer

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Developmental Aspects

Respiratory System Development Figure 22.29

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Developmental Aspects

The Respiratory System

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The Respiratory System