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Mesopotamia ppt (2)
- 2. Geograp hy • Between two rivers • Tigris • Euphrates • Northern lands • Timbered Mountains • Minerals • Seasonal Rains • Southern lands • Marshes • Uruk and Ur • Trade
- 3. SUMERIAN STRUCTURESGovernment 1 City States 2 Priests build irrigation 2 War lords 2 Hereditary Rule 1 Ruling Duties 2 Build walls 2 Irrigation 2 Lead army 2 Enforce Laws 2 Collect Taxes Ruler Officials Scribes Merchants Peasants Slaves Artisans Priests Lesser Priests A complicated system
- 4. FIRST IN… City States Writing- Cuneiform Polytheism Afterlife Dust and Mud Good and Bad Demons and Monsters Wheel PAZUZZU SCORPION PEOPLE
- 5. Also First In Algebra System of 60 60 minutes 360° Astronomy Constelations
- 6. Babylon • Law Code • Public Works • Unified Religion Hittites • Forged Iron • Charriot • Conquered from the North Assyrians • Iron • Royal Law Codes
- 7. PERSIA • Bureaucracy • Monetary Economy • Zoroaster
- 8. Phoenicians • Tyrian Purple • Glass • Colonies • Alphabet
Notas del editor
- As you saw in your simulation people soon found it much easier to stop following herds, and began to congregate around rivers. The Neolithic Revolution- when people switched from a nomadic way of life to that of farming, made civilizations possible. As people began to work together they found a need for structure in their irrigation projects. People also find uses for domesticated animals to help them with their jobs and to bring companionship. Increased farming technologies led to surplus, and from this comes government, religion, calendars, job specialization, social structures, tools, weapons, walls, economy, arts, writing, trade and much more as you will see from this unit. The basic parts of civilizations are, “1) Organized governments, 2) complex religions, 3) job specialization, 4) social classes, 5) arts and architecture, 6) public works, and 7) writing.
- Mesopotamian Geography The land sits in present day Iraq and means between two rivers in Greek. 2) Because it sits between two rivers and in the middle of the dessert this area is often called the fertile crescent 3) it originally was thought to have housed the Garden of Eden but newer finds in Africa are leading scholars away from this belief. 2) The Tigris (Northeast) and Euphrates (Southwest) rivers begin in the highlands of Turkey and empty into the Persian Gulf 2) In the Epic of Gilgamesh and oral tradition of Mesopotamia we see that the southern part known as Sumer was good for farming, and Assyria in the North was mountainous with trees and minerals 2) One thing that sets Mesopotamian rivers apart from the Nile or the Yellow are that the floods are damaging because they remove soil
- 1) From the Floods come Government 3200 B.C. 2) In their story of creation and afterlife Sumerians reveal their need to create large earthworks for irrigation 3) From this comes government 4) Tribal priests most likely organized the large irrigation projects and later build temples known as ziggurats and walled cities. 4) Eventually leaders emerged from brave war lords who would then pass their titles down to their children creating Hereditary Rulers who eventually conquered other lands and created Empires. 3) We also see complex social structures that arise in Mesopotamia 4) these vary slightly from city to city
- 1)Sumerians provide the world with many things that are passed on throughout the known world via trade routes that eventually evolve into the Silk Road 2) Their firsts are listed in the slide above 3) Sumerians believed the afterlife to be a dark dreary place were people lived in dust and ate mud 3) Sumerians gave us the idea of Good and Bad in religion and Monsters and Demons 3) they are also credited with being the first to use the Wheel as they were very skilled traders, they are also thought to use barges, and boats made from a frame and skins 4) boats were waterproofed using bitumen, a byproduct of having large deposits of oil in the ground
- Other firsts from the Mesopotamians are listed here. It should be noted that several creatures from folklore i.e. the Ishtar and Mashushu were thought to exist in Mesopotamia.
- Three Empires provide different items to this great ancient civilization Babylonians 1790 B.C. 2) The second to unite this land after Sargon the Akkadian 3) Hammurabi 4) Codified the land in law and had the 300 laws carved on a stone pillar that followed the idea of an eye for an eye 4) Babylonians built roads, irrigation, and libraries- that housed clay tablets filled with clay tablets that watched the stars and recorded trades 4) They also felt stable homes were essential for a stable government 4) He also set unify religion under Marduk the patron god of Babylon 3) Nebuchadnezzar 625 B.C. 4) After Hittite and Assyrians conquered the northern parts of Mesopotamia and burned Babylon to the ground it was revived by Nebuchadnezzar, where he is thought to have built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon one of the Seven wonders of the Ancient world 2) Hittites 1400 B.C. 3) extracted iron ore from the ground and forged it into inexpensive weapons allowing them to expand their empire 3) the also improve the Egyptian Chariot so it can now carry three men. 3) as their empire falls their secret is out and so is the Bronze Age after this the Iron Age 2) Assyrians 1100 B.C. 3) Were fierce warriors who conquered much of Mesopotamia they were the takers of the day. 3) Created royal law codes for their palaces and required women of the court to wear veils
- 1) Persians- largest civilization yet known to man, at this point 539 B.C. 2) Darius I 3) pursued a policy of tolerance or acceptance of the people they conquered 3) built bureaucracies that involved governors called Satraps which collected taxes 3) another unifying idea was that of a Money economy and coins were minted 3) finally we see one of the predecessors of Christianity in Zoroastrianism which was a profet who taught that one god Ahura Mazda ruled the world but was in constant battle with Ahriman who was the prince of lies and evil. 4) Zoroastrianism introduced the idea of a final judgment day as well
- Phoenicians lasting legacy 2) An alphabet that made it easy for people to write their language down, this later found its way into Crete, Greece, and Rome 2) The ideas of sea trade with colonies to support your markets 3) main exports were Tyrian Purple the color of Royalty i.e. Kearney Bulldogs and Glass Side Note- a crew of historians recreated a Phoenician ship and sailed it around the Cape of Good Hope lending evidence that early sea vessels may have been capable of sea travel that we earlier would not have thought possible.