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The Fallacy Of Efficiency
1.
The fallacy of
efficiency Dan North ThoughtWorks
2.
Dear Michael... “So here's
the thing, I don't believe in efficiency. It's our obsession with efficiency that has got us into the current technology mess, and which has led almost directly to heavy waterfall processes. “Efficiency is how you let the big vendors sell their bloated technologies to the poor CIOs.” © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 2
3.
Efficiency (n) 1. The
state or quality of being efficient; competency in performance. 2. Accomplishment of or ability to accomplish a job with a minimum expenditure of time and effort. 3. The ratio of the work done or energy development by a machine, engine, etc., to the energy supplied to it, usually expressed as a percentage. © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 3
4.
How do we
measure efficiency? Budget/revenue targets Effort targets Time targets Activity targets What does % complete on a Gantt chart tell us? © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 4
5.
A brief history
of efficiency Pre-industrial Industrial revolution Rise of capitalism in America Frederick Winslow Taylor Management Science ...You are here... Richard Durnall – the IT Division Refactored © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 5
6.
Meet Mr. Taylor “It
is only through enforced standardization of methods, enforced adoption of the best implements and working conditions and enforced cooperation that this faster work can be assured. “And the duty of enforcing the adoption of standards and enforcing this cooperation rests with management alone.” Frederick Winslow Taylor © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 6
7.
Effectiveness (n) 1. Adequate
to accomplish a purpose; producing the intended or expected result. 2. Actually in operation or in force; functioning. 3. Producing a deep or vivid impression; striking. © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 7
8.
A brief history
of effectiveness Blah blah capitalism in America W. Edwards Deming Lean begat TQM and some other monsters Systems Thinking ...You are here... © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 8
9.
Meet Mr. Deming “All
anyone asks for is a chance to work with pride.” “A bad system will beat a good person every time.” W. Edwards Deming © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 9
10.
Systems Thinking –
“thinking in circles” Factors influence one another in loops balancing or reinforcing, feeding back or forwards The shower being too hot Being addicted or too cold to drugs Committing crime to pay for drugs The amount I move the dial Being in prison with easy access to drugs © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 10
11.
You get what
you measure “Everyone is trying to help” – Virginia Satir © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 11
12.
Let’s game! Exam pass
rates in schools? Test pass rates in builds? Prison inspections? Test coverage? © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 12
13.
How can we
measure effectiveness? Understand you are working with a system in fact a system of systems, of systems, of turtles Identify the goal of the system which is sometimes just its own survival Step outside the system to observe its effect How well does its goal align with yours? © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 13
14.
How can we
measure effectiveness? Throughput accounting investment, operating cost, profit Cycle time for end-to-end customer journey “From concept to cash” Cost of end-to-end process including opportunity costs, factoring in time © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 14
15.
Effectiveness is often
inefficient Cross-functional teams Pair programming Promiscuous pairing Parallel spikes Experimentation (aka Innovation) Theory of Constraints Efficiency is the enemy of effectiveness! © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 15
16.
But it gets
worse... What influences your organisation? Competitors Markets Technology Staff Customers These are all changing outside your control! © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 16
17.
Change happens
x x’ Performance Choice John Roberts – the Modern Firm © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 17
18.
If you focus
on efficiency... You get better at being increasingly less effective until one day you notice about 2 years down the line so you have your next corporate overhaul © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 18
19.
Ouch! “Those who cannot
remember the past are condemned to repeat it” George Santayana © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 19
20.
Some vendors feed
off this Product vendors have tools that hog the spotlight want you to buy bloatware Services vendors want you to outsource, ideally off shore Process vendors want you to buy their rigid methodology © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 20
21.
Some would rather
help you Product vendors tools that keep out of your way... and your wallet Services vendors want to co-source, and Share Knowledge™ Process vendors want to sell you self-sufficiency and adaptability © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 21
22.
If you remember
one three things... You get what you measure Not all the vendors are bad guys Figure out whether they are helping or hindering Efficiency isn’t effective © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 22
23.
Thank you
Any questions? dan.north@thoughtworks.com http://dannorth.net © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 23
24.
Bibliography The Art of
Systems Thinking – Joseph O’Connor The Modern Firm – John Roberts © Dan North, ThoughtWorks 24
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