International Symposium on Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, 25th of June 2008, Florence, Italy

1. Environmental compatibility of energy production at global, regional and local scale (paper ID 189) G. Genon* E. Brizio** D. Russolillo*** F. Becchis *** * Dept. DITAG, Polytechnic of Turin ** Environmental Protection Agency of Piedmont *** Fondazione per l’Ambiente “T.Fenoglio” International Symposium on Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Organized by ANDIS and DICEA (UniFi) 25th of June 2008, Florence

2. FA | www.fondazioneambiente.org

5. DRIVERS 1/3 | The urbanization: higher pop. density Data from UN, 2007 World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Population Database (http://esa.un.org/unup)

6. DRIVERS 2/3 | Technology lock-in effect… Data from IEA, 2008 World Energy Outlook 2007: China and India Insights CO2 Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Stations built prior to 2015 in China & India Capacity additions in the next decade will lock-in technology & largely determine emissions through 2050 & beyond

7. DRIVERS 3/3 | Distributed Generation: always ok? Data from Mussinatto A. (2007) Produzione termoelettrica e inquinamento atmosferico. Proceedings of the Conference “Consumo e produzione di energia in Provincia di Torino: la strada per una svolta verso l'efficienza energetica e le fonti rinnovabili ” Effects of two energy generation scenarios on urban air quality (NOx daily average concentrations) standard boilers (separate generation) DG with CHP (50% of small NG Engines)

8. DRIVERS 3/3 | Distributed Generation: always ok? Small generation i.e. <10 MW Microgeneration (MG) i.e. <1 MW Data from AEEG, 2006 Italian Energy Regulatory Authority national survey on DG, http://www.autorita.energia.it

9. DRIVERS 3/3 | Distributed Generation: always ok? In 2004 in Italy, DG ( 2,481 plants and a total of 3,852 MW ) has generated 14.3 TWh (gross production), i.e. 5% of the national production of the power sector (303 TWh). The quota of DG production covered by MG is 15%, i.e. 2.15 TWh (1,437 plants and a total of 578 MW installed) Data from AEEG, 2006 Italian Energy Regulatory Authority national survey on DG (reference: Delib. 160/06) Year 2004 14.3 TWh (gross prod.) 23rd of June 2008, Decision no. 74/08 of the Italian Energy Regulatory Authority www.autorita.energia.it New integrated text about on-site generation (into force since 1st of January 2009 - high efficiency CHP up to 200kW - RES systems up to 20 kW)

11. METHODOLOGY 2/6 | Simplified Flow-Chart… Assessment of market costs and benefits during life-cycle Technology design preliminary assessment with BAT references Environmental compatibility at global level (energy efficiency) Environmental compatibility at regional and local level (air quality maps) Monetization of negative/positive externalities Multi-objective Cost-Benefit Analysis Clear and complete results for planners and policy makers

12. Data from UN, 2007 World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Population Database (http://esa.un.org/unup) METHODOLOGY 3/6 | Monetization: the IPA…

13. Data from Externe, 2005 Methodology 2005 update (http://www.externe.info) METHODOLOGY 4/6 | Monetization: Externe…

14. METHODOLOGY 5/6 | Monetization: after Externe…

15. www.needs-project.org New Energy Externalities Development for Sustainability FP6, 7 Million Euros, 63 partners , 09/2004 - 08/2008 www.feem-project.net/cases/ Cost Assessment for Sustainable Energy Systems FP6, 26 partners , 04/2006 - 10/2008 On-going research projects: METHODOLOGY 6/6 | Monetization: after Externe… More can be found here:

16. APPLICATIONS 1/2 | MSW incinerator localization Data from Genon, Brizio, Poggio (2004) Assessment of different sites for a MSW incinerator

17. APPLICATIONS 2/2 | District Cooling vs. BAU Data from Fondazione per l’Ambiente, 2005 DICON Project - District Cooling: economics, governance and environmental aspects

18. FINAL REMARKS 1/3 | A survey from NEEDS… Survey performed in the framework of the NEEDS Project questionnaire sent to 2205 addresses (representing 49 countries) resulting data from two rounds: Jan/Feb 2007 and May/Jun 20007 Data from NEEDS, 2007 – http://www.needs-project.org Deliverable n° 12.2 - RS 2b. Reporting and evaluation of the survey on the “externality concept”

19. FINAL REMARKS 2/3 | Externalities & Monetisation

20. FINAL REMARKS 3/3 | Knowledge about IPA… Data from NEEDS, 2007 – http://www.needs-project.org Deliverable n° 12.2 - RS 2b. Reporting and evaluation of the survey on the “externality concept”

23. Daniele RUSSOLILLO [email_address] Fondazione per l’Ambiente Via Pomba 23, I-10123, Torino, Italy Tel +39 011 571 4750 Fax +39 011 571 4751 www.fondazioneambiente.org THANKS ! | Contacts