MAKING THE CHILDREN NUTRITION CONSCIOUS IN RELATION TO MALNUTRITION, THESIS WRITING. This presentation contains real names of persons involve of this particular study. This names should not be copied or rewritten. Used the data of this study as basis only of your thesis writing. All rights reserved 2009.

1. A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF
MAKING THE CHILDREN NUTRITION CONSCIOUS IN RELATION TO
MALNUTRITION
AMONG ADOPTED CHILDREN IN
PARI-AN DROP IN CENTER AGING
6 TO 15 YEARS OLD: TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH
STATUS OF THE CHILDREN
-----------------------------
A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of
The College of Nursing
Velez College
Cebu City
------------------------------
In Partial Fulfillment of
The requirements in
Nursing Research
Second Semester 2007
------------------------------
By:
Manriquez , Dave Jay Sibi.
January 15, 2007
i

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
As a gesture of deep and endless gratitude, the writer would like to acknowledge the
undying assistance of all those who gave their support while he was doing this research paper,
especially:
To my parents who were very understanding and supportive for the production of this
term paper.
To the children in Pari-an Drop In Center who willingly spent their time in answering our
questionnaires permitting us to interview them and listening in our short discussion about
nutrition.
To my Auntie Mrs. Nilda Verdegar ( Teacher in the center ), for her all out support in
helping the writer in accomplishing this research paper.
To Ms. Catherine Gallelero ( Social Worker ), for letting us, to stay in the area and teach
the children in the center and her all out support in providing the writer needs.
To my friend Ken Fonghe in accompanying the writer in Pari-an Drop In Center while
teaching the children and accomplishing this research paper.
To Mr. Ever Niño Doloricon, our adviser, for inculcating our minds and guiding us in
doing this research study.
And above all, to our Lord Jesus Christ, for giving us enough courage, strength,
perseverance and enlightenment to make it through this research study despite all the obstacles
we met along the way.
ii

3. Velez College
College of Nursing
Acceptance and Approval
This THESIS hereto attached, entitle ‘A descriptive study on the effects of making
nutrition conscious in relation to malnutrition among adopted children at Pari-an Drop In Center
aging 6 to 15 years old: To improve the health status of the children’, prepared and submitted by
Dave Jay Sibi. Manriquez, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for Nursing Research.
_________________________
Mr. Ever Niño L. Doloricon BSN. RN.
Research Instructor
_________________________
Date
iii

4. A descriptive study on the effects of making the children nutrition conscious in relation to
malnutrition among adopted children at Pari-an Drop In Center aging 6 to 15 years old: To
improve the health status of the children
I. INTRODUCTION
Rationale
A Drop In Center for adopted children is an integral part of society affecting and
influencing it in many ways. The primary purpose of making the adopted children conscious
about nutrition is to provide conditions for and to promote the continuous growth of the
individual in all areas of living, with a view of achieving and maintaining the democratic way of
life.
There must be a relationship between food and the health of the individual, which tends
to influence the health of the society in which he lives in. It has been said that nutrition is a
science concerned with the movements of atoms in man to the movements of man in society.
Because of the tremendous population explosion the supply of food for all people of the world is
indeed becoming more critical every year. As a nutrition educator we have that moral obligation
to help the nutrition of every individual; for improved nutrition is one factor involved in paving
the way towards peace among men.
The nutritional status of our communities is a reflection of our individual nutritional
health. Perhaps the most significant factor affecting the nutritional status of communities is
economics. Having sufficient funds to purchase adequate food supplies is a necessity.
Malnutrition is one of the major problems that our country is facing. This problem can’t
be set aside. This won’t choose any victim. It may affect adults but mostly, it affects the youth.
Through this thesis, the writer may acquire knowledge about the problem, its effects to mankind
and some of the factors that will lead to such a problem.
1

5. Being health practitioner to be, I cannot afford to see mankind suffering from
malnutrition because of lack of knowledge about proper nutrition and the lack of resources
especially the youth. Because for me, I consider the children as the hope of our country. How can
there be hope if they are destroyed by ignorance about proper nutrition resulting to malnutrition?
Therefore, I choose this topic for my research because I want to know the condition of those
abandon children in a government center on how conscious they are regarding proper nutrition
on their selves to possibly eliminate malnutrition. I want to share my little knowledge about
proper nutrition to the children and how to improve their health status by educating them through
a discussion. Because through this, I can be aware of the health status of the children in the
center. This research will also serve as an awakening bomb to the government and health
officials that should not be rejected.
In our country Malnutrition is a major problem. But according to the 6 th National
Nutrition Surveys there has been a general improvement between 1998 and 2003 in the country’s
overall nutrition situation, affecting various population groups, as evidenced specifically by
reductions in underweight and stunting among 0-5 and 6-10 years old children. Most of the
Filipino now a day are aware of their health but only few are applying proper nutrition on their
daily living.
Theoretical Background of the Study
Malnutrition is a state that adversely affects growth and development of body functions
as a result of either an inadequate or overabundant supply of kilocalories or nutrients to body
tissue. According to Walter Falcon the head of the Food Research Institute of Stanford
University ( 1984:577 ). “ It might focus more attention on Africa where the most serious hunger
exists rather than on Southeast Asia. But if only 100 million individuals are clinically
malnourished; there are probably another 200 million to 400 million that go hungry part of the
time. If they’re not in the hospital, they’re not doing too well”.
According to Mary Alice Caliendo ( 1984:526 ). “ Malnutrition and nutritional
deprivation are basically problems of poverty of unequal and inequitable income distribution not
only among individuals but among countries. Malnutrition won’t disappear by simply producing
more food or by raising the overall economic levels of poor nations.
2

6. According to Eleanor R. Williams ( 1984:513 ). “ “ Human brains do not live by bread alone”.
Malnutrition causes children to become listless and apathetic.
According to Thomas Polemar, an agricultural economist, ( 1984:515 ). “ The number of
people estimated to be suffering from malnutrition range from 400 million to two-thirds of the
world population”. In his view, food production in developing countries tends to be understand
because taxation is often based on production and because so much backyard production is
locally consumed and never counted.
On the other hand, other authorities insist that much hunger especially in remote rural
areas, is inadequately reported. Larry Minear of the Interreligious Task Force on United States
Policy told an interviewer recently that “ Malnutrition is understated because there are a lot of
people who don’t show up in the planning nets either because the censuses are bad or because
they are not in the market economy and their inability to purchase food isn’t measured”.
If enough food is to be produced to feed the world a number of resources such as land,
water, energy, fertilizer and technology must be available and widely used.
According to Dr. Weston A. Price and Dr. Francis M. Pottenger, (www.google.com). “
Today as always, the human body requires whole, nutrient-rich foods in order to achieve
optimum health; and the public, more than ever, needs access to accurate information on healthy
diet and life-style”.
According to Margaret Newman, (www.googlesearch.com). “ The theory of health as
expanding consciousness was stimulated by concern for those for whom health as the absence of
disease or disability is not possible”. The theory has progressed to include the health of all
persons regardless of their health status. The theory asserts that every person in every situation,
no matter how disordered and hopeless it may seem, is part of the universal process of expanding
consciousness. A process of becoming more oneself, of finding greater meaning in life, and of
reaching new dimensions of connectedness with other people and the world. The theory of health
as expanding consciousness stems from Roger’s theory of unitary human beings. Rogers’
assumptions regarding patterning of persons in interaction with the environment are basic to the
view that consciousness is a manifestation of an evolving pattern of person to environment
interaction. Consciousness is defined as the informational capacity of the system ( in this case,
the human being ); that is, the ability of the system to interact with the environment.
3

7. Consciousness includes not only the cognitive and affective awareness normally associated with
consciousness, but also the interconnectedness of the entire living system, which includes
physiochemical maintenance and growth processes as well as the immune system.
This pattern of information, which is the consciousness of the system, is part of a larger,
undivided pattern of an expanding universe. Rogers’ insistence that health and illness are simply
manifestations of the rhythmic fluctuations of the life process is the foundation for viewing
health and illness as a unitary process moving through variations in order – disorder.
According to Joyce Fitzpatrick, (www.googlesearch.com). “ The primary purpose of
nursing is the promotion and maintenance of an optimal level of wellness”. The professional
nurse participates in a multi-disciplinary approach to health in assessing, planning,
implementing, and evaluating programs in regards to how they affect optimum wellness. When
assessing health care needs, the professional nurse incorporates the physical, psychological,
emotional, social, environmental and spiritual aspects of the profession into her daily routine.
Person – the term integrates the concepts of both self and others and recognizes individuals as
having unique biological, psychological, emotional, social, cultural, and spiritual attitudes. They
thrive on honor and dignity, self-evaluation and growth and development. Throughout a person’s
life, many factors develop within a social setting and interact with a multitude of environments
that can significantly influence that person’s health and wellness. Health – is a dynamic state of
being that results from the interaction of person and the environment. Optimum health is the
actualization of both innate and obtained human potential gleaned from rewarding relationships
with others, goal directed behavior, and expert. Wellness-Illness – is rooted in the promotion of
wellness practices, the attentive treatment of those who are acutely or chronically ill or dying,
and restorative care of people during convalescence. Metaparadigm – derived from and related to
the basic metaparadigm concepts of person, environment, health and nursing. While much of the
research in nursing has been focused on assisting individuals in their life transitions, whether
through phases of growth and development, or experiences with health and illness, the
conceptualizations of the nursing profession as focused on transitions has not been adequately
researched.
4

8. Conceptual Framework of the Study
This study aims to find out the effects of making the children nutrition conscious in
relation to malnutrition among children aging 6 to 15 years old of Pari-an Drop In Center, Pari-
an Cebu City. This is done through research, discussion, personal interview with the children and
some social worker, and questionnaire giving.
The diagram show the four major factors that contributed to malnutrition among children,
namely: economic stability of the government center, ignorance about proper nutrition, media,
and peer influences. Through theser four factors, we focused our study on the three aspects of a
child, namely: physical, mental, and social aspects.
All the data gathered that were analyzed, interpreted and verified will serve as the writer
basis for study and for proposal to the children in the center aging 6 to 15 years old.
5

9. FIGURE I. Schematic Diagram of the Conceptual Framework of the study.
6

10. Statement of the Problem
It is the desire of the writer of this term paper to elucidate on teaching nutrition for the
adopted children at Pari-an Drop In Center and to let them be aware of the value of nutrition.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:
1. Why is there a need to teach nutrition education to those adopted children at
Pari-an Drop In Center?
2. Differentiate between the good nutrition and poor nutrition.
3. Give the functions of nutrients.
4. How to plan for better nutrition?
5. Are there physically malnourished children at Pari-an Drop In Center aging 6 to 15
years old?
6. Does the Barangay Officials and Barangay Health Workers show concerned with the
nutritional status of the children in the center?
7. What are the effects of Lack of Knowledge about proper nutrition among these
children in the following aspects?
a. Physical
b. Mental
c. Social
8. What are the factors that contributed to malnutrition or unhealthy status?
Hypothesis
The following hypotheses are created in this study:
1. Education about nutrition, education to adopted children at Pari-an Drop In Center is
vital to the prosperity of our country;
2. That the role of health practitioner (teacher) is important in the making the adopted
children be conscious of nutrition or of nutrition education;
3. That planning of one’s nutrition is vital to the health of an individual;
4. That the knowledge of nutrition will elevate the standard of living of the people.
5. The Barangay Officials and Brangay Health Workers are not less concerned with the
nutritional status of the children.
7

11. 6. Malnutrition only affects children physically.
7. There are no relevant factors that affect the nutritional status of the children.
Importance of the Study
This study is of great importance because many of our people have been victims of
malnutrition when in fact, they should not be a victim if they only know the proper know how’s
about the food nutrients but somehow because of ignorance they become victim of their own
ignorance. Nevertheless, it has to be corrected once and for all because if our people have the
proper knowledge of nutrition, even the cheapest food in town can be transformed into a balance
diet which would be enough to supply the needs of the family. The society, that they may acquire
a better knowledge about proper nutrition and take some precautions to prevent the bad effect of
malnutrition. The government, that they may give importance to this problem, that they may
build more drop in center to those abandon children on the street. The health agencies especially
those government agencies assigned to those centers for abandon children, which they may give
importance to the said problem that they may find solutions on how to solve this problem. The
next researchers who have interest with the same topic, that they may use this as a reference to
their study.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study is limited to the answer to the questions being posted in the statement of the
problem and would not deviate from such answers. Minor topics would also be discussed but
only on a limited scale. The focal points of the study are on the imparting of knowledge of
nutrition to the adopted children at Pari-an Drop In Center aging 6 to 15 years old. The study
covers all children living at Pari-an Drop In Center, Pari-an, Cebu City. The area of investigation
was focused mainly on the effects of making the children nutrition conscious in relation to
malnutrition especially those aging from 6 to 15 years of age. Moreover, the responses assessed
in this study were dependent upon the data furnished by some respondents through the
questionnaires and interview to social worker, teachers, and children as the main data-gathering
instrument. The effects that are to be treated are only on the physical, mental, and social aspects.
8

12. METHODOLOGY
Research Environment
The writer have concentrated only on Pari-an Drop In Center, Pari-an, Cebu City. Pari-an
Drop In Center has a total population of 23 children but this is only tentative, one social worker,
two house parents, and a couple of teachers. Water resources are from Metropolitan Cebu Water
District ( MCWD) lines. Electricity is from VECO. Environment sanitation is good due to
everyday cleaning of the environment. They practice segregation of garbage. Health problems
encountered mostly in the center are colds, coughs, fever, skin disease and malnutrition.
Landmark of the Pari-an Drop In Center is the Pari-an Barangay Hall and fire station just beside
the center.
Research Subjects
The subjects of the study are those children aging 6-15 years of age of Pari-an Drop In
Center, Pari-an, Cebu City. There were 23 respondents: eight females and fifteen males. Also
included, some Barangay Officials, Social worker of the center, and their teachers who are
capable of answering the interview and questionnaires.
9

13. FIGURE II: Map of Pari-an Drop In Center, Pari-an, Cebu City.
10

14. RESEARCH PROCEDURES
Data Gathering:
For the gathering of important data and materials, the writer utilized the descriptive
method of research through the proper utilization of the library, conducting interviews, and
giving questionnaires to those children. He was fortunate enough to have all the access in the
library and materials within his reach and helped in the finalization of the subject matter and also
the willingness of those respondents to participate and answer those questionnaires.
First and foremost, the writer looked for some possible sources in the library for
information about Proper Nutrition and also Malnutrition. Preliminary readings and note taking
were done. Interview with some Barangay Officials, Social Worker of Pari-an Drop In Center,
and the teachers of the children followed and note taking were done. While a set of
questionnaires were distributed to the children aging 6 to 15 years of age during the discussion.
The outcome of the interview and the findings based on the answers were analyzed and
interpreted.
Treatment of Data:
The results of the questionnaires distributed were sorted out, tallied and tabulated. The
questionnaires are answerable by checking the options which the respondents feel appropriate.
Some questions are also answerable by yes or no. In each table, options were arranged to the
number of respondents by which it is presented as N. The percentage was computed with the
formula: % = f/N x 100
where
f = the number of options checked by a respondents
N = the total number of respondents
The percentage was used in statistical treatment, the percentages was taken by dividing
the number of options checked by the total number of respondents, then the quotient was
multiplied by one hundred.
11

15. TABLE I
The Distribution of Children Living in Pari-an Drop In Center, Pari-an, Cebu City
N = 23
AGE f(frequency) Percentage(%)
6 2 9%
7 0 0%
8 1 4%
9 2 9%
10 6 26%
11 3 13%
12 3 13%
13 0 0%
14 4 17%
15 2 9%
TOTAL: N = 23 100%
Definition of Terms:
For a better and clearer understanding of the study, some of the terms are defined:
Nutrition. It is the science of nourishing the living organism; that is, of providing
adequate food for its growth, maintenance and repair. A process wherein living
organisms utilizes food for the maintenance and repair of tissue and production of energy.
Nutrition. It is the combination of processes by which the living organisms receives and
utilizes the nutrients from food for the maintenance of its function and for the growth of
tissues.
12
ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

16. Chapter 1 of this research deals with the overview of the study. It introduces the
rationale, the statement of the problem, the null hypothesis, the theoretical background of the
study, the conceptual framework of the study, the schematic diagram, the significance of the
study, the scope and limitation of the subject, place and time, methodology, the definition of
terms.
Chapter 2 of this research deals with the review of related literature, the related readings
from the statement of the problem.
Chapter 3 of this research includes the presentation of the data gathered and tabulated, the
specific number of respondents was written together with the corresponding percentage for each
table.
Chapter 4 of this research includes the findings, conclusions and recommendations are
found in the fourth chapter of this research work. General conclusions have been derived from
the observations. Recommendations and suggestions on how to improve the health status of the
children and how to make them nutrition conscious are stated in the last chapter of this research.
After the fourth chapter, the bibliography is found, the glossary, the appendix follows. In
the appendix, the list of the names of the respondents are found. A sample of the questionnaire
which had been distributed to the respondents follows the list of the respondents. The picture of
the research area, the respondents and the writer come next. The curriculum vitae of the writer
and the table of body mass index for both male and female can also be found on the appendix.
13
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

17. Much have been written about nutrition education and the writer is sure that many
students have already written on the same subject matter nevertheless, he has his own way of
presenting from the others. The subject matter is quite common that anybody can afford to
write about it as a partial fulfillment of the requirements of their instructor.
Writes-up written by McWilliam, Pattisons, Barbours, and Andersons and etc. were
utilized by the writer. At least these authors are prominent in their own fields especially on
nutrition.
The writer through painstaking efforts have made her own unique presentations but of
course through his limited knowledge he would only deal on some enlightenment about the
subject matter.
Conscious and deliberate approach to an advanced state of physical,
psychological/mental, and spiritual health is dynamic, fluctuating state of being (Cookfaire).
The capacity of the person to perform to the best of his ability, the ability to adjust and adapt
to varying situations, a reported feeling of well-being, and a feeling that “everything is
together” and “harmonious” (Leddy and Pepper).
Some Aspects of Nutritional Problems
This study deals mainly with those aspects of nutritional problems and their solutions
which are the primary concern of health workers. In due course a further research on the
interdisciplinary nutrition programs, commonly known as applied nutrition programs will be
prepared. This will primarily concern with the public health nutrition and the accurate definition
of nutritional status in the community; where there is a necessary correction and prevention of
nutritional deficiencies, and the organization of an adequate nutrition component in public health
services. No one can deny that economic factors are the most obvious ones, responsible for
malnutrition. Malnutrition is a serious public health problem mainly prevalent in developing
countries; where incomes are barely adequate.
14
Nutrition education, relevant to the needs reaching to the homes and capable of being
applied in family food patterns is the ultimate road to good nutrition. It is therefore a means

18. rather than an end. It should be practical and applied, adapted to economic and agricultural
possibilities and in harmony with the socio-cultural setting.
Nutrition education should include effective demonstration, and sometimes
supplementary feeding of vulnerable groups, proctored by the mother in food preparation. It can
be an invaluable part of community development both in urban and rural areas. The emphasis
should be on building better health through better food habits as well as on preventing
malnutrition and diseases.
Nutrition Education among adopted children
Increasingly we find the emphasis in health programs directed to proper food and
nutrition. This is true for all age groups. If a healthy population is to be maintained, it is essential
to begin the nutrition education very early in the life of the child. Because a center which
promote nutrition touches so many of the homes in the community it is in a position to assume a
major role in this early nutrition education. Children are in school during their formative years
when food habits and mental attitudes toward food habits are being established and when normal
development depends to a large extent on the consumption of an adequate diet.
Classroom education in nutrition should begin when the child enters kindergarten or the
first grade and continue throughout the entire school life. The school teaches nutrition may find
that more alert and healthy pupils are one result of such teaching.
Nutritional requirements change as the infant grows through childhood into adolescence.
Nutrition influences all phases of growth and development is usually measured by changes in
height and weight with age. Stature is the more significant criterion because a variation is build
and the amount of adipose tissue may cause wide variations in weight. Development other than
physical growth is more difficult to measure; it deals with muscle strength and coordination, with
mental health, with adoptions and attitudes.
15
The rapid rate of growth of the brain, which starts before birth persists in the infant, and
stays well in advance of the growth of the rest of the body, by the time a child is four years old

19. some 90 percent of the brain has been formed. The formation and functioning of the brain and
nerve fibers and the laying down of the myelin sheaths of the nerves demands that adequate
nutrients of the right type be available at this critical period.
During the early formative years, the brain acquires each new specific function and
integrates the process into its total pattern of performance and experience. Each new function
seems to make its appearance chronologically at a critical period of development.
It has been recognized that certain inborn errors of metabolism that certain in brain
damage called mental retardation. This mental retardation is to be most evident where protein-
calorie malnutrition is most serious, is lesser degrees of early malnutrition may result in a child
lower intellectual capacity than his genetic intellectual.
Growth occurs continuously from conception to full maturity but it is not a uniform
process. It has two periods of rapid growth separated by a period of more or less uniform but
slower increase in size. The first period occurs in fatal life and early infancy, the second during
adolescence.
What is Good Nutrition and Poor Nutrition
Good nutrition means right eating. It means an adequate diet. Good nutrition helps to
promote strong and healthy bodies between appearances, active and keen minds, and greater
resistance to disease, longer life, and a greater ability to enjoy life. It is important to remember
that without good nutrition no one can have optimum health.
While poor nutrition means wrong eating. It means an inadequate diet. Poor nutrition
may contribute to weak and undernourished bodies, bad teeth, poor mental development, lack of
preparation, nervousness, lowered resistance to disease, lack of endurance and the consequences
of an inadequate diet.
16
The results of inadequate diets divide two types hollow hunger and bedridden hunger.
Hollow hunger results from an insufficient quantity or volume of food. It is felt in the stomach.

20. People are usually aware of hollow hunger and therefore will take steps to alleviate it by trying
to obtain sufficient food. Starvation is the name for prolonged hollow hunger. Hidden hunger
results from insufficient amounts of the protective foods, vitamins, minerals, and proteins. It may
be present without the individual knowing it, it may be present even when the individuals eats
sufficient fool as far as quantity is concerned.
The Functions of the Nutrients
Each nutrient serves at least one of the following general functions when taken into the
body. It yields heat and energy, it builds and revenues body tissues, and it regulates body process
of various types.
The value of food such as bread, carrots or milk, will depend upon the kinds and amounts
of nutrients which it supplies.
The following list gives the food classes or nutrients groups of their general functions.
Carbohydrates from which glucose is derived, supply heat and energy. The energy value of foods
is called the calorie. Fats do supply energy and heat. Minerals build tissue and regulate body
processes.
Vitamins aid growth and help to regulate body processes.
Water acts as a medium for transporting materials in the body, and aids in the elimination
of waste and in the regulation of body temperature.
Planning for Better Nutrition
The way to better nutrition is usually to improved farming and gardening. Education is
vital and needs to be related to local problems, to help people make the best use of their
resources, especially for the nutritionally vulnerable members of their families.
17
These are community problems best dealt with by the community education and
development techniques that apply to all aspects of community life and planning. Because food

21. and nutrition problems involved many phases of community action, and their solution demands
interdisciplinary and interagency planning, coordination and action.
However, practical nutrition education and action is needed at community level, at
intermediate levels and at national level, involving workers in the fields of education, agriculture,
community development, etc. as well as health workers.
III. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
In this chapter, the data gathered had been presented in table forms, analyzed and
interpreted. The results were based on the answers to the questionnaires distributed to the
respondents and interview from Barangay Officials, social worker, and teachers.
Table 2
Distribution of the number of children
Aging 6 to 15 years old who are physically malnourished
N = 23
RESPONSE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
MALNOURISHED 18 78%
NORMAL 5 22%
OVERWEIGHT 0 0%
OBESE
0 0%
TOTAL: N = 23 100%
Table 2 shows the number of children aging 6 to 15 years old who are physically
malnourished. The table has three columns; the first column of the table are the responses
classified into four categories: a. malnourished b. normal c. overweight d. obese. The second
and the third columns are for the frequency and percentage respectively, while their total is
recorded at the bottom.
Each category is divided into the number of cases, 23, and is multiplied by 100 thereby
garnering their percentage.
18
Among the 23 children of Pari-an Drop In Center, 18 or 78% falls under malnourished
while 5 or 22% are normal.

22. The data means that the health status of the children in Pari-an Drop In Center is bad
since 78% of the 23 children are malnourished. This would imply that more children needs
enough food, rest and medications in order to have a normal health status. This would also imply
that the children needs to be educated about proper nutrition like what are those foods that is
healthy to be eaten despite of the limited food resources of the said center.
Table 3
Government Officials of Barangay Pari-an Cebu City who are Concerned with the Health Status
of the Children
N = 11
Responses of the Respondents:
GOV’T OFICIALS CONCERNED % NOT CONCERNED % TOTAL
Barangay Captain 1 9% 0 0% 9%
Barangay Councilor 2 18% 6 55% 73%
Barangay Health
2 18% 0 0% 18%
Worker
TOTAL: N = 11 N = 11 100%
Table 3 shows the distribution of government officials that are concerned with the health
status of the children. The first column of the table represents the government officials of
Barangay Pari-an Cebu City which is classified into 3 categories: a. Barangay Captain b.
Barangay Councilor c. Barangay Health Workers. The second column refers to the responses of
the respondents and the last column refers to the total percentage.
This table shows that the Barangay Captain and the Barangay Health Workers are very
concerned with the health status of the children in the center. 18% or 2 of the Barangay
Councilors are concerned with the health of the children, but there are those who said that some
of the Brgy. Councilors are not concerned because they are assigned to other development
programs in regards to their Barangay.
19
The table implies that the Barangay Officials of Barangay Pari-an Cebu City are trying
their best in providing more effort in working about the health status of the children or improving

23. them by having some programs that will enhance their knowledge about proper nutrition by
providing seminars and discussion to the children.
Table 4
Factors Contributing to Unhealthy Status or Malnutrition
N = 23
FACTORS f(frequency) PERCENTAGE
a. Low income of the Center 2 9%
to buy the necessary healthy
foods.
b. Lack of knowledge about
7 30%
proper nutrition.
c. Peer Influence 9 39%
d. Media Influence
5 22%
TOTAL: N = 23 100%
Table 4 shows the different factors that contributed to unhealthy status or malnutrition.
The table is divided into 3 columns; the first column refers to the different factors and it is
categorized into four, namely: a. low income of the center to buy the necessary healthy foods b.
lack of knowledge about proper nutrition c. peer influence d. media influence. The second and
third column refers to the frequency and percentage, respectively.
Each category is divided into the number of cases, 23, and is multiplied by 100 thereby
garnering their percentage. The respondents choose peer influence as the major factor that
contributed to malnutrition or unhealthy status. Out of 100%, peer influence garnered 39%, then
lack of knowledge about proper nutrition with 30%, then media influence with 22% and lastly,
low income of the Center to buy the necessary healthy foods with 9%.
This table shows that peer influence really entices the children in the center to eat
unhealthy foods such as junk foods, thus, leading to malnutrition.
20
Table 5
Physical effects of Improper Nutrition that lead to Malnutrition or Unhealthy Status
N = 23

24. EFFECTS f(frequency) PERCENTAGE
Stunted Growth 10 44%
Decreased Physical Ability 7 30%
Decreased Weight 6 26%
TOTAL N = 23 100%
Table 5 shows the distribution of the physical effects of improper nutrition on children.
The table has three columns, the first column refers to the physical effects of improper nutrition
that lead to malnutrition that is categorized into three: a. stunted growth b. decreased physical
ability and c. decreased weight. The second and third column refers to the frequency and the
percentage, respectively.
Among the three categories, stunted growth ranked first with 44%, then decreased
physical activity with 30% and lastly, decreased weight with 26%.
The table implies that the children in the center are really affected physically because of
improper nutrition that may lead to malnutrition. The children are in the state of not growing
normally; they are very weak to do daily activities and having a low weight below normal.
Table 6
Social effects of Improper Nutrition that lead to Malnutrition or Unhealthy Status
N = 23
EFFECTS f(frequency) PERCENTAGE
Inferiority Complex 18 78%
Social Discrimination 5 22%
TOTAL: N = 23 100%
Table 6 shows the social effects of improper nutrition to the children in the center. The
first column of the table represents what are the social effects of improper nutrition that lead to
malnutrition that is categorized into two: a . inferiority complex b. social discrimination.
21
The second column refers to the frequency and the last column is for the percentage.
This table shows that 78% makes up for inferiority complex which is a social effect of
improper nutrition that lead to malnutrition while social discrimination yields up to 22%.

25. This table implies that lack of knowledge about proper nutrition will really lead to
malnutrition and affects the respondents socially. They can’t socialize with others because of
inferiority complex and social discrimination which is because of their poor health status.
Table 7
Mental/Psychological effects of Improper Nutrition that lead to Malnutrition or Unhealthy Status
N = 23
EFFECTS f(frequency) PERCENTAGE
a. Decrease ability to think 6 26%
properly
14 61%
b. Poor mental development
c. Inactive mind 3 13%
TOTAL: N = 23 100%
Table 7 shows the psychological effects of improper nutrition to the children in the
center. The first column of the table represents what are the psychological effects of improper
nutrition that lead to malnutrition that is categorized into three: a. decrease ability to think
properly b. poor mental development c. inactive mind. The second column refers to the
number of respondents and the last column is for the percentage.
Among the three categories, poor mental development ranked first with 61%, then
decrease ability to think with 26% and lastly, inactive mind with 13%.
This table implies that lack of knowledge about proper nutrition will really lead to
malnutrition and affects the respondents psychologically. They can’t think properly, they are also
having poor mental development that result to inactive mind. They can’t communicate
effectively to other people because they are not precise with their thinking. Their idea may not be
appropriate with the situation.
22
Table 8
A table showing the Usual Food Serving in a day at Pari-an Drop In Center
TIME USUAL FOOD SERVINGS
BREAKFAST ( 7:00 AM ) Pandesal, hot coffee, milo, dried fish
LUNCH ( 12:00 NN ) Rice, mongo, okra, tomato (kamatis),
vegetables that is available in the center, pork

26. and beef is not usually serve
SNACKS ( 3:00 PM ) Banana cue, biscuits, crackers, usually they eat
junkfoods (chichiria)
SUFFER ( 7:00 PM ) Rice, noodles, vegetables that is available in
the center, fish, can goods
Table 8 shows the usual food serving in a day at Pari-an Drop In Center. As you see the
children at the center is fun of eating junk food due to peer influence. Most of them are fun of
imitating others, “they eat what others eat “. They are not thinking whether the food they are
eating is nutritious or not. This lack of knowledge about proper nutrition makes the children
unhealthy or malnourished. To avoid this, the children must be educated about proper nutrition,
its use, and its benefits to our body.
Most of the children in the center do not eat on time. Most of the children also do not eat
during breakfast because of lack of food supply. It is sad to say that the children do not eat
during breakfast because of lack of food supply in the center this is also because of their number.
Most of the foods serve in the center are not nutritious except for the fish and vegetables.
Usually they eat foods with preservatives such as those can goods and noodles. The center lacks
the resources to buy foods that are not only presentable but also nutritious.
The children usually eat those foods being offered to them by the visitors. Most of them
are fun of eating sweets. The children must be guided about proper nutrition by making them
nutrition conscious through a informal discussion about proper nutrition and other things that
would promote wellness or health.
23
IV. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
It is the desire of the writer of this term paper to elucidate on teaching nutrition for the
adopted children at Pari-an Drop In Center and to let them be aware of the value of nutrition.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:
1. Why is there a need to teach nutrition education to those adopted children at

27. Pari-an Drop In Center?
2. Differentiate between the good nutrition and poor nutrition.
3. Give the functions of nutrients.
4. How to you plan for better nutrition?
5. Are there physically malnourished children at Pari-an Drop In Center aging 6 to 15
years old?
6. Are the Barangay Officials and Barangay Health Workers show concerned with the
nutritional status of the children in the center?
7. What are the effects of Lack of Knowledge about proper nutrition among these
children in the following aspects?
a. Physical
b. Mental
c. Social
8. What are the factors that contributed to malnutrition or unhealthy status?
SUMMARY
One of the realistic approaches to the solution of these problems as they comprise a
multi-frontal attack on the various causes of under and malnutrition, nutritionally inappropriate
food behavior and improving food production. For the purpose of demonstration form is put up
proper techniques of improving food and nutritional conditions particularly children and mothers
through self-help efforts. However, the school gardening or green revolution will emphasize
today in the new society of promoting food production.
24
SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS:
Upon examining the respondents answers to the given questionnaires and response from
interviews, the writer found out that:

28. 1. There is need to teach nutrition education to those adopted children at Pari-an Drop In
Center since 78% of the children are malnourished and only 22% are normal. It is good
also that nobody of those children are overweight and obese.
2. Most of the children cannot differentiate which of the foods that is available in the center
that is good for the health and which is not good for the health. They usually eat those
foods what their peers are eating and what they usually see in the television.
3. Most of the children don’t know the function of nutrients in our body. They just eat in
order for them to survive and not fell the pain of hunger. They don’t know that the foods
they are eating are converted into energy that keeps them going.
4. Most of the children in the center don’t plan for better nutrition. They just eat the food
that is being served by them by the center. They don’t mind whether they are eating
nutritious food or not.
5. Among the 23 children living at Pari-an Drop In Center, 18 or 78% of them are
malnourished and 5 or 22% are in good nutritional status.
6. The Barangay Officials are really doing there best in working about the health status of
the children. They are doing their best to reach out and to give support to the children
living in the center by doing programs such us as seminars and discussion about proper
nutrition and how they are going to have improve health status.
7. Peer influence ranked first with 39% when it comes to the different factors that
contributed to malnutrition, then followed by lack of knowledge about proper nutrition
with 30%, then media influence with 22% and lastly, low income of the center to buy the
necessary healthy foods with 9%.
8. Majority of the respondents answered that stunted growth is the number one physical
effect of improper nutrition that lead to malnutrition to the children in the center, then
followed by decreased physical ability and lastly, decreased weight.
9. Inferiority complex is the number one social effect of improper nutrition that lead to
malnutrition to the children in the center, which enables the children to stop socializing
with their peers.
25
CONCLUSIONS:
Based on the findings of the study, it is safe to conclude that:

29. 1. Majority of the children aging 6 to 15years old living in Pari-an Drop In Center is
malnourished. 18 of them out of 23 are malnourished which denotes a negative sign for
the nutritional status of the children in the center.
2. The Barangay Officials of Pari-an, Cebu City are very concerned in improving the health
status of the children in Pari-an Drop In Center by providing development programs that
is related to health.
3. Peer influence is the major factor that entices the children to eat junk foods that leads to
malnutrition or unhealthy status.
4. Physical effects of improper nutrition in children 6 to 15 years old causes stunted growth
of individuals and also inferiority complex in relating to their peers.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
The following recommendations are hereby offered by the writer:
1.Every teacher in Pari-an Drop In Center must be teaching the proper use of food and
better health.
2. Educational materials should be needed in teaching nutrition among the adopted
children in Pari-an Drop In Center.
3. Their teacher must assign those children in gardening to have more knowledge on
livelihood.
4. Parents in the community who have children must be invited in the center while
demonstration lessons are being done about proper nutrition and caring for children
during seminars.
5. The children need Reading materials, not only if it is pleasant reading, but also it is
essential to present and future knowledge of those children.
6. Barangay officials in charged with the health of the children should commit themselves
and should be sincere in helping those who need their assistance in order to solve
malnutrition problems in the center.
26
7.Government officials, teachers and concerned citizens should be involved in educating
the people with the concept of good nutrition so that all factors that hinder proper health
could be eliminated.

30. 8. Social worker and teachers should encourage their children to eat nutritious foods and
make sure that the children have enough time to rest and play in order to obtain a good
nutritional health.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Eppright Ercel, N. Pattison, H. Barbour. Teaching Nutrition. Iowa, U. S. A. : Iowa State
University Press, 1971.
Rynbergen, Mitchell and Dible, Anderson. Nutrition in Health and Disease. J.B. Lippincott Co.,
1971.
Manual for Rural Nutrition Work. Part II Nutrition Program, June 23,1972.
Williams, Eleanor R. Basic Nutrition and Diet Therapy. 1984 pg. 513.
De Guzman, Ma. Patrocinio E. Basic Nutrition for Filipino. Manila, Philippines: Meriam and
Webster, Inc., 1988 pp. 231-245.
Nutrition Learning Packages. Health Alert. 102: 83 F 90, pg.213
Nutrition The World Book Encyclopedia. V. 14, pp. 466-470
Nutrition The Colliers Encyclopedia. V. 18, 1990, pp 30-34
The Colliers Dictionary. 1986
Internet Source:
www.googlesearch.com
www.DOH-Philippines.com
www.yahoosearch.com
27
GLOSSARY

31. Good Nutrition. Benefits the well-balanced diet.
Poor Nutrition. Lack of essential nutrients.
Malnutrition. Condition resulting from a lack of nutrients in the body tissue.
Descriptive Study. A careful or critical examination: investigation having the
quality or function of describing: characterized by description.
Health Status. State or the condition of the body and mind.
Body Mass Index – A table used to determine whether a child is appropriate with his/her
weight regarding with his/her age by determining whether the child is malnourished,
normal, overweight, and obese. With the formula: BMI = (Wt.)kg/(Ht.)m2
28
APPENDIX A
LIST OF RESPONDENTS

32. GIRLS:
Abella , Michelle
Camachu , Kimberly
Camachu , Mercy
Ladaño , Shella
Ladaño, Cheryl
Lasconia , Janice
Lendio , Alyssa
Lopez , Irene
BOYS:
Aresgado , John Aerofh
Cabarce , Arnold
Cañete , Richard
Chavez , Basillo
Dela Madrid , Jelord
Eschosar , Rolando
Español , Ronadil
Flores , Andres
Gonzaga , Argill
Ladaño , Joseph Jr.
Naval , Ronald
Rellen , Danny Boy
Ramlee , Sarail
Thjin , Johnpaul
Tranguia , Antoni
29
APPENDIX B

33. LIST OF RESPONDENTS
GIRLS: Body Mass Index:
Abella , Michelle 16.23 kg/m2
Camachu , Kimberly 16.12 kg/m2
Camachu , Mercy 13.42 kg/m2
Ladaño , Shella 13.17 kg/m2
Ladaño, Cheryl 13.61 kg/m2
Lasconia , Janice 19.56 kg/m2
Lendio , Alyssa 21.49 kg/m2
Lopez , Irene 20.92 kg/m2
BOYS:
Aresgado , John Aerofh 14.83 kg/m2
Cabarce , Arnold 15.91 kg/m2
Cañete , Richard 18.12 kg/m2
Chavez , Basillo 15.82 kg/m2
Dela Madrid , Jelord 15.71 kg/m2
Eschosar , Rolando 20.40 kg/m2
Español , Ronadil 24.31 kg/m2
Flores , Andres 11.57 kg/m2
Gonzaga , Argill 14.26 kg/m2
Ladaño , Joseph Jr. 16.67 kg/m2
Naval , Ronald 12.79 kg/m2
Rellen , Danny Boy 17.56 kg/m2
Ramlee , Sarail 13.32 kg/m2
Thjin , Johnpaul 15.13 kg/m2
Tranguia , Antoni 16.45 kg/m2
30
APPENDIX C
LIST OF CHILDREN LIVING IN PARI-AN DROP IN CENTER
NAME SEX AGE WT. HT. BMI

34. GIRLS:
1. Abella , Michelle F 12 25 kg 124cm Malnourished
2. Camachu , Kimberly F 12 26kg 127cm Malnourished
3. Camachu , Mercy F 8 19kg 119cm Malnourished
4. Ladaño , Shella F 10 24kg 135cm Malnourished
5. Ladaño, Cheryl F 6 15kg 105cm Malnourished
6. Lasconia , Janice F 15 40kg 143cm Normal
7. Lendio , Alyssa F 10 39kg 135cm Normal
8. Lopez , Irene F 14 41kg 140cm Normal
BOYS:
9. Aresgado , John Aerofh M 10 21kg 119cm Malnourished
10. Cabarce , Arnold M 14 33kg 144cm Malnourished
11. Cañete , Richard M 15 35kg 139cm Malnourished
12. Chavez , Basillo M 14 39kg 157cm Malnourished
13. Dela Madrid , Jelord M 11 23kg 121cm Malnourished
14. Eschosar , Rolando M 14 49kg 155cm Normal
15. Español , Ronadil M 9 35kg 120cm Normal
16. Flores , Andres M 6 14kg 110cm Malnourished
17. Gonzaga , Argill M 10 23kg 127cm Malnourished
18. Ladaño , Joseph Jr. M 10 24kg 120cm Malnourished
19. Naval , Ronald M 11 24kg 137cm Malnourished
20. Rellen , Danny Boy M 12 27kg 124cm Malnourished
21. Ramlee , Sarail M 9 25kg 137cm Malnourished
22. Thjin , Johnpaul M 10 17kg 106cm Malnourished
23. Tranguia , Antoni M 8 21kg 113cm Malnourished
Legend: ( According to Body Mass Index )
Malnourished = 0 to 19 kg/m2 Overweight = 25 to 30 kg/m2
Normal = 19 to 25 kg/m2 Obese = 30 kg/m2 and above
31
SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE

35. A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF MAKING THE CHILDREN NUTRITION
CONSCIOUS IN RELATION TO MALNUTRITION AMONG ADOPTED CHILDREN IN
PARI-AN DROP IN CENTER AGING 6 TO 15 YEARS OLD: TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH
STATUS OF THE CHILDREN.
Dear Respondents,
I Dave Jay Sibi. Manriquez, a third year Nursing student of Velez College are studying
the effects of making the children nutrition conscious in preventing the possible effect of
malnutrition among children aging 6 to 15 years of age at Pari-an Drop In Center. I would like to
give some sample questionnaire that is essential for the completion of the study.
Please, answer the following questions as honestly as you can.
Answer the following questions by checking the appropriate column or by writing it in phrase.
QUESTIONS:
1. What is your source of water for drinking?
____ Mineral Water _____ Artesian Well (bomba)
____ MCWD/ Pipe System _____ Others: (specify): _____
2. What are the foods usually served during mealtime?
( breakfast, lunch and dinner )
a. Meat ______ d. Vegetables _______
b. Fish _____ e. Others Specify:_______
c. Seafoods/Shellfish ______
3. Do you kids eat on time? ____ Yes _____ No
4. Do you kids have a snack? ____ Yes _____ No
5. What are the snacks being served by the center? Enumerate…______________
Do you kids take them all? ____ Yes _____ No
6. Do you kids prefer eating junk foods? ____ Yes _____ No
Answer No. 6 to 8 if you check yes for No.5
7. What kind of junk foods? Specify: _______________________
8. How many times and the amount being taken in eating the junk foods?_________
32
9. Why do you eat junk foods?
a. Peer influences ______

36. b. Media influences ______
10. Do you kids drink milk or chocolate drinks? ____ Yes _____ No
11. Do you kids eat foods coming from a can? ____ Yes _____ No
How many times you kids usually eat it? ____
12. Do you kids eat nutritious fruits and vegetables?
____ Yes _____ No _____ Sometimes
13. Do the center have regular deworming schedules for you children?
_____ Yes _____ No
14. How often?
_____ Every 3 months _______ Annually
_____ Others specify:___________
15. Do you kids have a health worker or nutritionists in the center?
_____ Yes ______ No
16. Are the health workers and nutritionists assigned in the center actively doing
their job in controlling malnutrition?
_____ Yes ______ No
17. How?
_____ Advice you children to eat nutritious foods
_____ Advice you children to keep your surrounding always clean
_____ Do nothing to help you gain more information with regards to proper
nutrition
_____ Others specify:______________
18. Does the Barangay Captain show concern for your welfare in the center?
____ Yes _____ No If Yes, in what way?_________
19. Does the Barangay Councilors show concern for your welfare in the center?
____ Yes _____ No If Yes, in what way?_________
20. Do your teachers teach you about proper nutrition and those proper foods to be eaten
that are essential for growth?
_____ Yes ______ No
33
January 3,2007
To: Hon. William C. Balaga

37. Barangay Captain
Brgy. Pari-an, Cebu City
Dear Sir;
I Dave Jay S. Manriquez of BS-Nursing Third Year section B of Velez College
requesting clearance to conduct an interview/interrogation to the children in Pari-an Drop In
Center situated in your Barangay with in this week. This is a part of my training on Nursing
Research pertaining Nutrition Conscious among children.
Further request kind consideration on this matter with thanks.
Respectfully Yours,
Dave Jay S. Manriquez
BS-Nursing 3B
Velez College
Noted:
Mr. Ever Niño Doloricon BSN. RN.
Instructor
Hon. William C. Balaga
Brgy. Pari-an, Barangay Captain
34
CEBU VELEZ COLLEGE
79 F. Ramos Street
Cebu City 6000

38. January 25, 2007
To: Margarita V. Osmeña
Chairperson of Cebu City
Task Force on Street Children
Cebu City 6000
Dear Madam:
I Dave Jay S. Manriquez of BS- Nursing 3B of Velez College is requesting to conduct a research
pertaining proper nutrition in preventing malnutrition to the children in Pari-an Drop In Center
with in this week. This research is part of enclosure on fulfillment on my Term paper about
children nutrition.
Hoping your kind approval on this matter with thanks.
Respectfully yours.
Dave Jay S. Manriquez
Approved by:
Mr. Ever Niño L. Doloricon BSN. RN.
Research Instructor
Noted by:
Mrs. Margarita V. Osmeña
First Lady of Cebu
35
PICTURE A
AT PARI-AN DROP IN CENTER

39. JANUARY 18, 2007
36
PICTURE B
AT PARI-AN DROP IN CENTER

40. JANUARY 18, 2007
37
CURRICULUM VITAE

41. Name: Dave Jay Sibi. Manriquez
Birthday: January 18, 1987
Age: 20 years old
Nickname: Dave
Birthplace: Labangon, Tisa, Cebu City
Address: 14 Sapphire Street Sta. Teresita Village, Tisa, Cebu City
Hobbies: Playing Computer, Watching T.V., and Reading books
Motto: There are always first time for everything so don’t be afraid and make the most out of it.
Dreams: To be a professional nurse. To work and earn dollars in abroad. To take care of my
parents when they become too old. To be a good follower of Christ.
Goal in life: To finish school and to help my unfortunate relatives. To reach heaven by doing
good things.
EDUCATION ATTAINMENT:
PRESCHOOL - University of San Carlos (South Grade School) 1993-1994
ELEMENTARY - University of San Carlos (South Grade School) 1994-2000
HIGH SCHOOL - University of San Carlos (Boys High School) 2000-2004
COLLGE - Velez College, College of Nursing 2004-2008
38

42. 43