This document appears to be from an Osher Lifelong Learning Institute class discussing immigration. It includes facts and opinions on who is defined as an immigrant, estimates of the number of immigrants in the US and Pennsylvania, the top countries and regions immigrants come from, and whether immigrants help or harm the economy. Participants are prompted to write their own views on index cards.

1. OSHER LIFELONG LEARNING INSTITUTE

2. Rose Baker
David Passmore

3. WRITE ONTHE INDEXCARDS

4. Opinion:
• Personal
• Mood of
country
Your observations …

5. Fact:
• Near relative
born outside
U.S.
• First relative
born in U.S.
Your roots …

6. Or “O” if none of these
Your morphology…

7. “Of course we
couldn't all come
over on the
Mayflower ....
Henry Ford standing in
front of a ModelT in 1919

8. “Of course we
couldn't all come
over on the
Mayflower ....
But I got here as
soon as I could.”
Henry Ford standing in
front of a ModelT in 1919

9. America was
indebted to
immigration for her
settlement and
prosperity.
~ James Madison, 4th
President of the United
States

10. America was
indebted to
immigration for her
settlement and
prosperity.
~ James Madison, 4th
President of the United
States
I will build a great
wall—and nobody
builds walls better
than me, believe
me…I will make
Mexico pay for that
wall. Mark my
words.
~ DonaldTrump,
Nominee of Republican
Party for President

17. Who is an
immigrant?

18. Who is an
immigrant?
Your Definition?

19. …born in the U.S. and some
territories and possessions.
…a person whose parents were
citizens at time of birth.
…naturalized if passed a
civic/English test and had
permanent residency, served in
U.S. armed forces, or adopted by
U.S. citizen.

20. …born in the U.S. and some
territories and possessions.
…a person whose parents were
citizens at time of birth.
…naturalized if passed a
civic/English test and had
permanent residency, served in
U.S. armed forces, or adopted by
U.S. citizen.
Bybirthright

21. …born in the U.S. and some
territories and possessions.
…a person whose parents were
citizens at time of birth.
…naturalized if passed a
civic/English test and had
permanent residency, served in
U.S. armed forces, or adopted by
U.S. citizen.
Bynaturalization

22. The Immigration and Nationality
Act broadly defines an
immigrant as any alien in the
United States.
An alien is any person not a
citizen or national of the United
States.

23. …a permanent resident alien who
is legally accorded the privilege
of residing permanently through
Department of State visas
awarded overseas or by
adjustment from the
Department of Homeland
Security.

24. …a temporary alien if permanent
residence is abroad and have
entered temporarily for a specific
purpose.
…an illegal alien, if entered the
country without inspection.

25. …family-reunification. Sponsored
by a citizen or a permanent resident
alien. Restrictions, though. Some
numeric limitations.
…employment-based. Priority
workers with high ability,
professional status, skills, and
investment. Numeric limitations.

26. …family-reunification. Sponsored
by a citizen or a permanent resident
alien. Restrictions, though. Some
numeric limitations.
…employment-based. Priority
workers with high ability,
professional status, skills, and
investment. Numeric limitations.
Mostly

27. …family-reunification. Sponsored
by a citizen or a permanent resident
alien. Restrictions, though. Some
numeric limitations.
…employment-based. Priority
workers with high ability,
professional status, skills, and
investment. Numeric limitations.
≈140,000/year

28. How many
immigrants?

29. How many
immigrants?
Your Annual Estimate?
10 million… 40 million… 80 million…

30.  42.4 million immigrants or 13.3% of 318.9
million in 2014 U.S. population.
 Was 10% in 1850, 14.8% in 1890, 4.7% in
1970, 11.1% on 2000.
 Between 2013 and 2014, increased by 1
million, or 2.5% .

31.  Top states by number: California, Texas,
NewYork, Florida, New Jersey.
 Top states by % growth 2000-2014:
Tennessee, Kentucky,Wyoming, North
Dakota, South Carolina.

32.  20 million immigrants were naturalized
citizens (47% of foreign born population
and 6% of U.S. population).
 Number of annual naturalizations has
increased dramatically from 120,000 in
1950 to 701,000 in 2010.
 Less than 10,000 are naturalized through
military naturalization

33.  Estimated 11.4 million in 2012; 11.5 million
in 2011.
 More than one-half in California, Texas,
NewYork, and Florida.
 Approximately 1/3 of immigrants are ≤18
years old, approximately 7% of U.S. child
population, 80% of whom were citizens
with an unauthorized parent.

34.  821,700 foreign born, or 6.4% of Pennsylvania
population in 2014.
 Grew from 3.1% in 1990 and 4.1% in 2000.
 Population of native born Pennsylvanians
grew by 1.6% between 2000 and 2014; foreign
born by 61.7%.
 Fertility rates of foreign born 21% higher than
native born.
 One-half of foreign born are naturalized.
 1% to 15% of Pennsylvania population is
unauthorized (fuzzy number).

35. Country of
origin of
immigrants?

36. Country of
origin of
immigrants?
RegionYou Select?
Africa… | South America… | Central America… | Asia… | Europe… | Oceania… | Caribbean

41. Immigrants
help or harm
economy?

42. Immigrants
help or harm
economy?
Your Assessment?
Help…. Harm.... Help and Harm…

43.  Rates of employment for immigrants and
native born are similar, although immigrant
women have lower rates of employment
than native born.
 Native born workers in most occupations
face relatively little competition from
immigrants.

44.  Immigrants and native born compete
somewhat for low-skill jobs.
 In 2014, 49 % of maids, 47 % of taxi drivers
and chauffeurs, 33 % of butchers and meat
processors, and 35 % of construction
laborers were foreign-born.
 Unskilled immigrants compete with native
born teenagers for jobs in, e.g., the fast
food industry, driving wages down.

45.  Immigrants contribute significantly to
human capital development, scientific
advancement, and innovation.
 60% of foreign graduate students are
enrolled in STEM fields, and, if allowed to
remain, play a disproportionate role in
successful entrepreneurship.
 One-fourth of high tech startups involved
at least one foreign born founder.

46.  Foreign born are 14% of all college grads, but
are 50% of workers in math and computer
science occupations.
 Immigrants have played a key role in small
scale retailing, often revitalizing urban and
rural areas.
 Immigrants have expanded nascent business
sectors and lowered costs of goods and
services (e.g., nail salons, child and elder care,
lawn and gardening, and restaurants.

47.  Immigrants contribute significantly to
human capital development, scientific
advancement, and innovation.
 60% of foreign graduate students are
enrolled in STEM fields, and, if allowed to
remain, play a disproportionate role in
successful entrepreneurship.
 One-fourth of high tech startups invoved at
least one foreign born founder.

48.  Generally speaking, foreign born have a
positive fiscal impact on the federal
government, but a negative impact on
state and local governments.
 Negative state and local effects are strong
in immigrant-popular areas where
educational and social services and transfer
payments are delivered.

49. OSHER LIFELONG LEARNING INSTITUTE