1. Reconstruction

2. Reconstruction Goal 3.04 Analyze the political, economic, and social impact of Reconstruction on the nation and identify the reasons why Reconstruction came to an end.

3. Reconstruction Goal 3.05 Evaluate the degree to which the Civil War and Reconstruction proved to be a test of the supremacy of the national government.

4. Key Terms Discussed Reconstruction plans Andrew Johnson Freedman’s Bureau Radical Republicans Thaddeus Stevens Civil Rights Act of 1866 Tenure of Office Act Johnson’s impeachment Scalawags Carpetbaggers Black Codes Ku Klux Klan Sharecroppers Tenant farmers Jim Crow laws The Whiskey Ring Military reconstruction 13th amendment 14th amendment 15th amendment Election of 1876 Compromise of 1877 Solid South

5. Key Questions 1. How do webring the Southback into the Union? 4. What branchof governmentshould controlthe process ofReconstruction? 2. How do we rebuild the South after itsdestruction during the war? 3. How do weintegrate andprotect newly-emancipatedblack freedmen?

7. Differing Views of Reconstruction1865-1877 Wartime: (Lincoln) – Lenient Presidential: (Johnson) – Semi-lenient; punish Confederate elite only Congressional/Radical Reconstruction:(Thaddeus Stevens) – harsh; treat South as conquered territory; empower blacks and poor whites

8. Wartime Reconstruction

10. With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace . . . - Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address, March 4, 1865

12. Goal: restore Union ASAP

13. Replace majority rule with “loyal rule” in the South.

14. Pardon all but highest ranking Confederate officers.

15. Recognition when 10% of 1860 election voting pop. took loyalty oath and est. new gov’t.

16. Didn’t consult Congress regarding Reconstruction.

19. State constitutional convention before the election of state officials.

20. Enacted specific safeguards of freedmen’s liberties.

21. Pocket vetoed by Lincoln.SenatorBenjaminWade(R-OH) CongressmanHenryW. Davis(R-MD)

23. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

25. Called “carpetbaggers” by white southern Democrat

28. Establishment of Historically Black Colleges in the South

29. Presidential Reconstruction

31. Anti-Aristocrat.

32. White Supremacist.

33. Agreed with Lincolnthat states had neverlegally left the Union.“Damn the negroes! I am fighting these traitorous aristocrats, their masters!”

35. New constitutions must accept minimum conditions repudiating slavery, secession and state debts.

36. Named provisional governors in Confederate states and called them to oversee elections for constitutional conventions.1. Disenfranchised certain leading Confederates. 2. Pardoned planter aristocrats brought them back to political power to control state organizations. EFFECTS? 3. Republicans were outraged that planter elite were back in power in the South!

38. Johnson granted 13,500 special pardons.

39. Revival of southern defiance.BLACK CODES

41. Guarantee stable labor supply now that blacks were emancipated.

42. Restore pre-emancipationsystem of race relations.

44. Sharecropping

46. Joint Committee on Reconstruction created.

47. February, 1866  Presidentvetoed the Freedmen’sBureau bill.

48. March, 1866  Johnsonvetoed the 1866 Civil Rights Act.

51. Provide a constitutional guarantee of the rights and security of freed people.

52. Insure against neo-Confederate political power.

55. Johnson tours to push his plan; alienates voters.

59. Johnson replaced generals in the field who were more sympathetic to Radical Reconstruction.

62. The 1868 Republican Ticket

63. 1868 Presidential Election

64. The Election of 1868

65. 1872 Presidential Election

66. The Election of 1872

68. And They Say He Wants a Third Term

69. Black "Adjustment" in the South

71. Blacks were politically unprepared.

72. Blacks could register and vote in states since 1867.

74. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

75. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

77. Colored Rulein the South?

78. Supreme Court Interpretation U.S. v. Cruikshank:14thAmendment does not involve people discriminating against people; only the government discriminating U.S. v. Reese:undermined idea all black males can vote: ruled the 15th Amendment didn’t give right to vote, simply listed grounds on which states could not deny right to vote

79. Ku Klux Klan: the “Invisible Empire of the South”

81. “The Lost Cause.”

83. Prohibited discrimination in jury selection.

84. Shortcoming no strong enforcement

87. ‘Scalawags’ not committed to protecting African-Americans

88. The party splits over corruption

89. Panic of 1873 [6-yeardepression].

91. 1876 Presidential Election

93. Alas, the Woes of Childhood… Sammy Tilden—Boo-Hoo! Ruthy Hayes’s got my Presidency, and he won’t give it to me!

94. A Political Crisis: The “Compromise” of 1877

96. Federal troops will leave the South

97. Result: “Redemption” – White Southerners regain control of the South

100. Reconstruction: Success or Failure?

101. Recap: