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DISASTER MANAGEMENT



   Dr. DAXABEN N. MEHTA
           PRINCIPAL
 SMT.SADGUNA C.U.SHAH HOME
            SCIENCE
AND C.U.SHAH ARTS & COMMERCE
MAHILA COLLEGE WADHWANCITY
     DIST: SURENDRANAGA



Home Science   Disaster Management
What is a “Disaster”?
                      Disaster- dis·as·ter n.
a.An occurrence causing widespread destruction and
distress; a catastrophe.
b. grave misfortune.       c. Informal- A total failure




      Home Science         Disaster Management
DISASTER
    D: Detection
     I: Incident Command
    S: Safety & Security
    A: Assess Hazards
    S: Support
    T: Triage & Treatment
    E: Evacuation
    R: Recovery
Home Science      Disaster Management
DEFINITIONS
                OF DISASTER
• A disaster can be defined as any
  occurrence           that           cause
  damage, ecological disruption, loss of
  human life, deterioration of health and
  health services on a scale, sufficient to
  warrant an extraordinary response
  from outside the affected community or
  area”.
  (W.H.O.)

      Home Science   Disaster Management
• A disaster can be defined as an
  occurrence either nature or
  manmade that causes human
  suffering and creates human
  needs that victims cannot
  alleviate without assistance”.
  American Red Cross (ARC)

   Home Science   Disaster Management
Hazards
Natural
• Earthquake          Landslides
• Avalanche - mass ice fall
• Volcano             Fires
• Tornado- rotating storm
• Hurricanes- severe storm
• Meteors            Floods
• Drought
    Home Science   Disaster Management
Hazards

Man-made
• Fires         Explosive devices
• Firearms      Structural collapse
• Transportation event
 Air, Rail, Roadway, Water
• Industrial         Epidemic
• Terrorism

    Home Science      Disaster Management
HAZARD

    Damage
    Potential
                        Elements at Risk


                                            Societal Elements
                                   People & Live-stock
Natural Features                   Huts & Semi-permanent Houses
River/Stream Banks                 Weak Buildings
Low-lying Areas                    Agri. & Horticultural crops
Sea & Sea-coast                    Livelihood tools / Equipment
Slopes of hills                    Unsecured personal assets
                                   Public Infrastructure
         Home Science            Disaster Management
AIMS

Reduce (Avoid, if
possible) the
potential losses from
hazards.

Assure prompt and
appropriate
assistance to victims
when necessary.

Achieve rapid and
durable recovery.
      Home Science      Disaster Management
PHASES OF DISASTER



Pre-impact
  phase

                Impact
                 phase

                          Post-impact
                            phase


 Home Science     Disaster Management
STRATEGY
             Pre-disaster Phase:
1. Prevention.
2. Mitigation.
3. Preparedness.
4. Capacity Building and Awareness.
5. Community Based Disaster Management.
            Post-disaster Phase:
6.Prompt and Efficient Response –
   Proactive.
7. Reconstruction to build back better.
    Home Science   Disaster Management
Cycle of DISASTER




Home Science   Disaster Management
Mitigation
Prevention of hazards developing into
  disasters
Reduce effects of disasters
Focuses on long term measures
Is part of recovery process
Actions
   • structural – use technology
   • Non structural –legislation
Most cost effective
Necessitates identification of risk
   Home Science     Disaster Management
Preparedness

• Communication plans
• Emergency response teams
• Emergency warning methods
• Shelters, evacuation plans
• Resources inventory building
• Develop trained volunteers
• Casualty prediction- helps in
  evacuation
Home Science   Disaster Management
Response
                 Mobilization of
 • Emergency teams
    – Core emergency services
    – Specialist teams
 • First responders in area
 • Search and rescue efforts
                    Runs on
 • principle of unified command
 • Mutual aid
Immediate needs are addressed
 Home Science       Disaster Management
Relief…
the      period     immediately
 following the occurrence of a
 sudden     onset  disaster   or
 deteriorated         slow-onset
 situation, when exceptional
 measures have to be taken to
 search for and rescue survivors
 as well as meet their basic
 needs
   Home Science      Disaster Management
Home Science                   Disaster Management
          : www.time.com/.../0,29307,1779418,00.html
                                                     17
Early Recovery…

actions that       restore national
 capacities to     provide a secure
 environment,                    offer
 services,                    restore
 livelihoods,              coordinate
 activities,        prevent        the
 recurrence of     crisis, and create
 conditions          for       future
 development
    Home Science   Disaster Management
Photo rebuilding




Home Science   Disaster Management
                            19
Reconstruction…

the actions taken to
 reestablish a
 community after a
 period of rehabilitation
 subsequent to a
 disaster.
  Home Science   Disaster Management
Photo of construction activity




     A tradesman employed by Oxfam helps to build temporary
              shelter in Sri Lanka after the tsunami.
Home Science                  Disaster Management
                                           21
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE



 The Government of India through an Act of
the Parliament have decided to put in
place, necessary institutional mechanisms for
drawing      up     and     monitoring    the
implementation of disaster management
plans, ensuring measures by various wings of
Government      for    prevention   of   and
mitigating the effects of disasters and for
undertaking a holistic, coordinated and
prompt response to any disaster situation.
      Home Science    Disaster Management
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
1. High Powered Committee set up in August
   1999.
2. Until 2001 – Responsibility with
   Agriculture Ministry,
3. Transferred to Ministry of Home Affairs in
   June 2002.
4.National Disaster Management Authority
  established.
5. Disaster Management Act passed in
   December 2005.
      Home Science     Disaster Management
DISASTER MANAGEMENT

           • DM STRUCTURE
NDMA set up as the Apex Body with
 Hon’ble PM as Chairperson.
National Executive Committee (NEC) -
 Executive Committee of NDMA.
            • At the Centre
Central Ministries will Continue with
 Nodal Responsibilities.
     Home Science   Disaster Management
DISASTER MANAGEMENT



                 State Level
   SDMA at State Level, headed by
    Chief Minister.
State Executive Committee (SEC), headed
  by Chief Secretary, will coordinate and
  monitor implementation of National
  Policy, National Plan and State Plan.

      Home Science    Disaster Management
DISASTER MANAGEMENT

                   District Level
   DDMA headed by District Magistrate.
   Chairperson of Zila Parishad as           Co-
    Chairperson – interface between Govt. and
    Public.
        SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS
   National Disaster Response Force
    (NDRF).
   National Institute of Disaster
    Management (NIDM).
      Home Science        Disaster Management
NDRF BNS – LOCATIONS
                                           PATNA
            BHATINDA
                                         BHUBANESHWAR
                                           ( Mundali
                                                 )
            GR. NOIDA


                                                        GUWAHATI



                                                   KOLKATA
         VADODARA
                                                               LEGEND
                                     VIJAYAWADA
     PUNE (Talegaon)                                          BNs
                                                             CBRN BNs
                                                             New Raisings
                                    CHENNAI
                                  (Arakkonam)

• Two more Battalions Approved.

     Home Science            Disaster Management
MOCK EXERCISES
• Mock Exercises Conducted so far                    –     170
• Details of Mock Exercises –
   • Mock Exercises on Chemical (Industrial) Disasters –   25
   • Mock Exercises on Earthquake                    –     30
   • Mock Exercise on Floods (including Urban Floods) –    11
   • Mock Exercises on Cyclones                      –     10
   • Mock Exercises on Fire                          –     10
   • Mock Exercises on Mass Casualty Management      –     08
   • Mock Exercise on Man-Made Disasters             –     04

   • School Safety Exercises                         –     71

          Home Science            Disaster Management
BANGALORE (KARNATAKA) –
         18 SEPTEMBER 2007
     MOCK EXERCISE ON FIRE


1.Place –      Games
  Village, Kormangla, Bangalore
2.   People Participated –    Over 2,000




Home Science     Disaster Management
KANPUR (UTTAR PRADESH) –
                    03 SEP 2008
           MOCK EXERCISE ON FIRE


1.Place        –       Hotel Geet and Park
  Palace Area.
2.   People Participated –        Over 10,000.




     Home Science       Disaster Management
PITHAMPUR (MP) – 12 MARCH 2007
MOCK EXERCISE ON CHEMICAL (INDUSTRIAL)
               DISASTERS

 1. Industrial Complex     –     Pithampur
 2. Industrial Units   –   * M/s Bharat
    Exercised                Petroleum Corporation
                             Limited
                           * M/s Pratibha Syntex Ltd
                           * M/s AVTEC Limited
 3. People Participated    –     2,500 (approx).



     Home Science          Disaster Management
SURAT – 28 MARCH 2008
   MOCK EXERCISE ON CHEMICAL
     (INDUSTRIAL) DISASTERS
1. Industrial Complex –     Surat.
2. Industrial Units    –    Oil and Natural
   Gas Company                   Exercised
             (ONGC).
                       Reliance Petrochemical.
3. People Participated –    5,000 (approx).


    Home Science       Disaster Management
DEORIA DISTRICT (UP) –
                30 MAY 2008
      MOCK EXERCISE ON FLOOD




1.Place           –     Deoria District.
2.      People Participated –     Over
     5,000.



 Home Science         Disaster Management
MEGHALAYA – 24 – 25 MARCH 2008
MOCK EXERCISE ON EARTHQUAKE


    People Participated    –     Over
 10,000




  Home Science   Disaster Management
KADMAT & KARAVATI
        ISLANDS, LAKSHADWEEP
      MOCK EXERCISE ON CYCLONE



1.Islands            –   Kadmat and
  Karavati.
2.      People Participated –      Over
     10,000



      Home Science       Disaster Management
HYDERABAD – 26 NOVEMBER 2008
MOCK EXERCISE ON MAN-MADE
         DISASTER




 People Participated   –    15,000
 (Approx).




 Home Science     Disaster Management
Major Disasters
           in India
         (1999-2009)

  Disasters in States     Year     Casualties

Orissa Super Cyclone      1999       9,887
Gujarat Earthquake        2001       14,000
Tsunami                   2004       15,000
J&K Earthquake            2005       1,336


    Home Science        Disaster Management
Earthquake,
       Oct, 2005                   MAJOR DISASTERS (1980-2005)
     Avalanche Feb                Earthquake Uttarkashi, 20
     2005                         Oct 1991, Chamoli, 23 April
                                  1999



Bhuj, Earthquake, 26
January, 2001
                                                                         Flood, Assam &
                                                                         Bihar 2004


Earthquake, Latur, 30                                               Bhopal Gas
Sept 1993                                                           Disaster, Dec 1982

                                                      S Cyclone
    Floods                                            29 Oct 1999
    26 July 2005
                                                                       Tsunami
                                                                       26 Dec 2004
                                    Tsunami
                                    26 Dec 2004



             Tsunami
                   Home Science
             26 Dec 2004           Disaster Management
Flood Map Gujarat




Home Science   Disaster Management
Cyclone Map Gujarat




Home Science   Disaster Management
Earthquake Map Gujarat




Home Science   Disaster Management
Multi Hazard Map




Home Science   Disaster Management
Home Science   Disaster Management

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Disaster management

  • 1. DISASTER MANAGEMENT Dr. DAXABEN N. MEHTA PRINCIPAL SMT.SADGUNA C.U.SHAH HOME SCIENCE AND C.U.SHAH ARTS & COMMERCE MAHILA COLLEGE WADHWANCITY DIST: SURENDRANAGA Home Science Disaster Management
  • 2. What is a “Disaster”? Disaster- dis·as·ter n. a.An occurrence causing widespread destruction and distress; a catastrophe. b. grave misfortune. c. Informal- A total failure Home Science Disaster Management
  • 3. DISASTER D: Detection I: Incident Command S: Safety & Security A: Assess Hazards S: Support T: Triage & Treatment E: Evacuation R: Recovery Home Science Disaster Management
  • 4. DEFINITIONS OF DISASTER • A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area”. (W.H.O.) Home Science Disaster Management
  • 5. • A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or manmade that causes human suffering and creates human needs that victims cannot alleviate without assistance”. American Red Cross (ARC) Home Science Disaster Management
  • 6. Hazards Natural • Earthquake Landslides • Avalanche - mass ice fall • Volcano Fires • Tornado- rotating storm • Hurricanes- severe storm • Meteors Floods • Drought Home Science Disaster Management
  • 7. Hazards Man-made • Fires Explosive devices • Firearms Structural collapse • Transportation event Air, Rail, Roadway, Water • Industrial Epidemic • Terrorism Home Science Disaster Management
  • 8. HAZARD Damage Potential Elements at Risk Societal Elements People & Live-stock Natural Features Huts & Semi-permanent Houses River/Stream Banks Weak Buildings Low-lying Areas Agri. & Horticultural crops Sea & Sea-coast Livelihood tools / Equipment Slopes of hills Unsecured personal assets Public Infrastructure Home Science Disaster Management
  • 9. AIMS Reduce (Avoid, if possible) the potential losses from hazards. Assure prompt and appropriate assistance to victims when necessary. Achieve rapid and durable recovery. Home Science Disaster Management
  • 10. PHASES OF DISASTER Pre-impact phase Impact phase Post-impact phase Home Science Disaster Management
  • 11. STRATEGY  Pre-disaster Phase: 1. Prevention. 2. Mitigation. 3. Preparedness. 4. Capacity Building and Awareness. 5. Community Based Disaster Management.  Post-disaster Phase: 6.Prompt and Efficient Response – Proactive. 7. Reconstruction to build back better. Home Science Disaster Management
  • 12. Cycle of DISASTER Home Science Disaster Management
  • 13. Mitigation Prevention of hazards developing into disasters Reduce effects of disasters Focuses on long term measures Is part of recovery process Actions • structural – use technology • Non structural –legislation Most cost effective Necessitates identification of risk Home Science Disaster Management
  • 14. Preparedness • Communication plans • Emergency response teams • Emergency warning methods • Shelters, evacuation plans • Resources inventory building • Develop trained volunteers • Casualty prediction- helps in evacuation Home Science Disaster Management
  • 15. Response Mobilization of • Emergency teams – Core emergency services – Specialist teams • First responders in area • Search and rescue efforts Runs on • principle of unified command • Mutual aid Immediate needs are addressed Home Science Disaster Management
  • 16. Relief… the period immediately following the occurrence of a sudden onset disaster or deteriorated slow-onset situation, when exceptional measures have to be taken to search for and rescue survivors as well as meet their basic needs Home Science Disaster Management
  • 17. Home Science Disaster Management : www.time.com/.../0,29307,1779418,00.html 17
  • 18. Early Recovery… actions that restore national capacities to provide a secure environment, offer services, restore livelihoods, coordinate activities, prevent the recurrence of crisis, and create conditions for future development Home Science Disaster Management
  • 19. Photo rebuilding Home Science Disaster Management 19
  • 20. Reconstruction… the actions taken to reestablish a community after a period of rehabilitation subsequent to a disaster. Home Science Disaster Management
  • 21. Photo of construction activity A tradesman employed by Oxfam helps to build temporary shelter in Sri Lanka after the tsunami. Home Science Disaster Management 21
  • 22. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE The Government of India through an Act of the Parliament have decided to put in place, necessary institutional mechanisms for drawing up and monitoring the implementation of disaster management plans, ensuring measures by various wings of Government for prevention of and mitigating the effects of disasters and for undertaking a holistic, coordinated and prompt response to any disaster situation. Home Science Disaster Management
  • 23. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 1. High Powered Committee set up in August 1999. 2. Until 2001 – Responsibility with Agriculture Ministry, 3. Transferred to Ministry of Home Affairs in June 2002. 4.National Disaster Management Authority established. 5. Disaster Management Act passed in December 2005. Home Science Disaster Management
  • 24. DISASTER MANAGEMENT • DM STRUCTURE NDMA set up as the Apex Body with Hon’ble PM as Chairperson. National Executive Committee (NEC) - Executive Committee of NDMA. • At the Centre Central Ministries will Continue with Nodal Responsibilities. Home Science Disaster Management
  • 25. DISASTER MANAGEMENT State Level  SDMA at State Level, headed by Chief Minister. State Executive Committee (SEC), headed by Chief Secretary, will coordinate and monitor implementation of National Policy, National Plan and State Plan. Home Science Disaster Management
  • 26. DISASTER MANAGEMENT District Level  DDMA headed by District Magistrate.  Chairperson of Zila Parishad as Co- Chairperson – interface between Govt. and Public. SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS  National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).  National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM). Home Science Disaster Management
  • 27. NDRF BNS – LOCATIONS PATNA BHATINDA BHUBANESHWAR ( Mundali ) GR. NOIDA GUWAHATI KOLKATA VADODARA LEGEND VIJAYAWADA PUNE (Talegaon) BNs CBRN BNs New Raisings CHENNAI (Arakkonam) • Two more Battalions Approved. Home Science Disaster Management
  • 28. MOCK EXERCISES • Mock Exercises Conducted so far – 170 • Details of Mock Exercises – • Mock Exercises on Chemical (Industrial) Disasters – 25 • Mock Exercises on Earthquake – 30 • Mock Exercise on Floods (including Urban Floods) – 11 • Mock Exercises on Cyclones – 10 • Mock Exercises on Fire – 10 • Mock Exercises on Mass Casualty Management – 08 • Mock Exercise on Man-Made Disasters – 04 • School Safety Exercises – 71 Home Science Disaster Management
  • 29. BANGALORE (KARNATAKA) – 18 SEPTEMBER 2007 MOCK EXERCISE ON FIRE 1.Place – Games Village, Kormangla, Bangalore 2. People Participated – Over 2,000 Home Science Disaster Management
  • 30. KANPUR (UTTAR PRADESH) – 03 SEP 2008 MOCK EXERCISE ON FIRE 1.Place – Hotel Geet and Park Palace Area. 2. People Participated – Over 10,000. Home Science Disaster Management
  • 31. PITHAMPUR (MP) – 12 MARCH 2007 MOCK EXERCISE ON CHEMICAL (INDUSTRIAL) DISASTERS 1. Industrial Complex – Pithampur 2. Industrial Units – * M/s Bharat Exercised Petroleum Corporation Limited * M/s Pratibha Syntex Ltd * M/s AVTEC Limited 3. People Participated – 2,500 (approx). Home Science Disaster Management
  • 32. SURAT – 28 MARCH 2008 MOCK EXERCISE ON CHEMICAL (INDUSTRIAL) DISASTERS 1. Industrial Complex – Surat. 2. Industrial Units – Oil and Natural Gas Company Exercised (ONGC). Reliance Petrochemical. 3. People Participated – 5,000 (approx). Home Science Disaster Management
  • 33. DEORIA DISTRICT (UP) – 30 MAY 2008 MOCK EXERCISE ON FLOOD 1.Place – Deoria District. 2. People Participated – Over 5,000. Home Science Disaster Management
  • 34. MEGHALAYA – 24 – 25 MARCH 2008 MOCK EXERCISE ON EARTHQUAKE People Participated – Over 10,000 Home Science Disaster Management
  • 35. KADMAT & KARAVATI ISLANDS, LAKSHADWEEP MOCK EXERCISE ON CYCLONE 1.Islands – Kadmat and Karavati. 2. People Participated – Over 10,000 Home Science Disaster Management
  • 36. HYDERABAD – 26 NOVEMBER 2008 MOCK EXERCISE ON MAN-MADE DISASTER People Participated – 15,000 (Approx). Home Science Disaster Management
  • 37. Major Disasters in India (1999-2009) Disasters in States Year Casualties Orissa Super Cyclone 1999 9,887 Gujarat Earthquake 2001 14,000 Tsunami 2004 15,000 J&K Earthquake 2005 1,336 Home Science Disaster Management
  • 38. Earthquake, Oct, 2005 MAJOR DISASTERS (1980-2005) Avalanche Feb Earthquake Uttarkashi, 20 2005 Oct 1991, Chamoli, 23 April 1999 Bhuj, Earthquake, 26 January, 2001 Flood, Assam & Bihar 2004 Earthquake, Latur, 30 Bhopal Gas Sept 1993 Disaster, Dec 1982 S Cyclone Floods 29 Oct 1999 26 July 2005 Tsunami 26 Dec 2004 Tsunami 26 Dec 2004 Tsunami Home Science 26 Dec 2004 Disaster Management
  • 39. Flood Map Gujarat Home Science Disaster Management
  • 40. Cyclone Map Gujarat Home Science Disaster Management
  • 41. Earthquake Map Gujarat Home Science Disaster Management
  • 42. Multi Hazard Map Home Science Disaster Management
  • 43. Home Science Disaster Management