BCC 2005 - NSTC

National Science & Technology Council
Subcommittee on Biometrics

Biometrics in the USG
Duane Blackburn
NSTC Agency Representative
Executive Office of the President

www.ostp.gov
www.biometricscatalog.org/NSTCSubcommittee/

National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)

Office of Science & Technology Policy
• Advise the President & EOP
– Provide S&T analysis and judgment on major
policies, plans, programs, & budgets
• Lead the interagency effort
– Define (with OMB) R&D priorities to guide the
agencies when developing their budgets
– Work with agencies on high-level S&T policy issues
• Work with the private sector
– Ensure Federal S&T investments contribute to
economic prosperity, environmental quality, and
national security.
• Collaborate on international S&T issues

National Strategy for Homeland
Security (July 2002)
Priority objectives
1. Prevent terrorist attacks within the
U.S.
2. Reduce America’s vulnerability to
terrorism
3. Minimize damage and recover from
attacks
Science & Technology initiatives (11)
3. Apply biometric technology to
identification devices


Science and Technology: A Foundation
for Homeland Security (April 2005)
“Strategies for finding terrorists
can be complicated by their
efforts to disguise
themselves among innocent
civilians. As a counter to
this, the implementation of
biometric technologies …
shows great promise in
improving the accuracy,
consistency, and efficiency
of identification devices”

FY07 Administration R&D Priorities

agencies should place
increased emphasis
on R&D efforts that
support…enhanced
biometric systems…”


USG Biometric Uses

• Identifying criminals and terrorists
• Background checks
• Border Security
• Facilitating travel and trade
• Promoting officer and school safety
• Protecting government assets
• Identity management


Sensor Takes
an Observation

Mathematically
Describe the
Observation

Compare to Other
Observations

Determine Appropriate Modality

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Sensor Takes Standards
an Observation
Door # 1 Door # 2 Door # 3

Test and Evaluation CONTRACTS

Contracting Disputes
Research and Development Contracting Process
Contracting
Disputes

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Research and Development

CONTRACTS
Standards
Contracting Process
Future Biometric
Technology, Operational & Scenario
Future Biometric Capabilities Capabilities

Test and
Evaluation



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
an Observation

CONTRACTS

Contracting Process

Contracting
Disputes

Verification
ROC
Research and Development

Future Biometric
Capabilities

Test and
Evaluation



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
an Observation

Verification
ROC

CONTRACTS

Contracting Process

Contracting
Disputes

Watchlist
ROC

Future Biometric
Capabilities

Test and
Evaluation



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
an Observation

Verification Watchlist
ROC ROC

CONTRACTS

Contracting Process

Contracting
Disputes

Identification
CMC

Future Biometric
Capabilities

Test and
Evaluation



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
an Observation

Verification Watchlist Identification
ROC ROC CMC

CONTRACTS

Contracting Process

Contracting
Disputes

Non-Habituated Users


Future Biometric
Capabilities

Test and
Evaluation



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
an Observation

ROC ROC CMC

CONTRACTS

Contracting Process

Failure to Acquire Non-Habituated Users Contracting
Disputes


Future Biometric
Capabilities

Test and
Evaluation



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
an Observation

ROC ROC CMC

CONTRACTS

Contracting Process

Non-Habituated Users Contracting
Disputes

Failure to Acquire

Future Biometric
Capabilities

Data Hygiene – Clean Enough? Test and
Evaluation



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
an Observation

ROC ROC CMC

CONTRACTS

Contracting Process

Store Original Observation as Disputes

Encrypted, Compressed?

Failure to Acquire

011101
111001
001100 Future Biometric
Capabilities

Test and
Data Hygiene – Clean Enough? Evaluation



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
an Observation

ROC ROC CMC

CONTRACTS

Contracting Process

Disputes

Failure to Acquire

Future Biometric
011101
Store Original 111001 Capabilities
Observation as 001100
Encrypted,
Compressed? Test and
Data Hygiene – Clean Enough? Evaluation


Signature
Signature Encrypt
Encrypt

Transmission
Transmission

Transmit

Transmit
Transmit

Mathematically
Nasty Equations
Describe the
Observation
De-Crypt
De-Crypt

Nasty Equations


Transmit to Operator Similarity
Score 

Operator Checks &
Database 
One
Database
Makes Decision
Partitioning Comparison

PartitioningNational Database or
Agency
Database Many

Many
Who Has Comparison
Procedures
Access? One
for Removing
Procedures for Fixing Someone
Incorrect Data from
Transmit Procedures for Fixing Database(s)
Who to OperatorSocial / Legal / Privacy
National Database or Agency Database
Has Access?
Incorrect Data
ProceduresRecords
for
Operator Checks & Makes Decision Retention Laws
Removing Someone
Similarity Score from Database(s)
Budget
Unreasonable Deadlines Unreasonable The Press
Social / Legal / Privacy
Limitations
Deadlines
Records
U.S. Citizens
International
Retention Laws Congress & GAO

 Relations

Rumor,  Advocacy Groups

Misconceptions, International

and Strings of Advocacy Groups The Press
Relations

Budget
SubstanceCongress & GAOLimitations U.S. Citizens
Compare to Other
Observations

Transmit to Operator Similarity Determine Appropriate Modality
Score 
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 
Sensor TakesChecks & Standards
Operator
Makes Decision
Signature
Database Encrypt

Partitioning
an Observation Comparison
National Database or
Agency Door # 1 Door # 2 Door # 3
Database Many

ROC ROC ROC
Transmission Procedures One
for Removing CONTRACTS
Someone
Procedures for Fixing from Contracting Process
Transmit
Who Has Incorrect Data Database(s)
Access? Non-Habituated Users
Social / Legal / Privacy
Store Original Observation as Records
Encrypted, Compressed?
Mathematically Retention Laws

Describe the
Observation The Press
011101 Research and Development
111001 Failure to Acquire
001100
De-Crypt
Unreasonable Congress & GAO
Deadlines

Advocacy Groups
Future Biometric
Capabilities

Test and
Rumor, Compare to Other
Evaluation
Misconceptions,
and Strings of Observations
Substance
Budget National Science and Technology Council (NSTC)
Data Hygiene – Clean Enough?
Limitations

Subcommittee on Biometrics

Subcommittee Overview
Duane Blackburn

www.ostp.gov


Current NSTC
Structure NSTC
April 2005 Director, OSTP

Committee on Committee on Committee on Committee on
Environment & Science Technology Homeland and
Natural Resources National Security
WH: Kathie Olsen
NSF: Arden Bement WH: Richard Russell
WH: Kathie Olsen WH: Shana Dale
NIH: Elias Zerhouni DOC: Phillip Bond
DOC: Conrad Lautenbacher DOD: Michael Wynne
EPA: TBD Research Business Models Networking & Information DHS: Charles McQueary
Technology
Global Change Research Education & Workforce Dev.
National Security R&D
Nanoscale Science,
Air Quality Research Aquaculture
Engineering &
Human Subjects Research Technology International*
Disaster Reduction
IWG Physics of the Universe WMD Medical
Advanced Technologies
Ecosystems Countermeasures
IWG Plant Genome For Education & Training
Toxics & Risks IWG Dom. Animal Genomics Manufacturing Standards
Water Availability & Quality IWG Prion Science Research &
Development Foreign Animal Disease
IWG Trans-boarder Samples
IWG Earth Observations Threats*
IWG Multinational Orgs* Infrastructure
R&D Investment Criteria**
Aeronautics S& T
IWG on Dioxin
Biotechnology Biometrics
Oceans S & T Social, Behavioral & Econ. * in development
National Exportand Technology Council (NSTC) ** Informal
Science Controls for S&T
Health and the Environment

NSTC Subcommittee on Biometrics
• Chartered in Spring 2003
• Issues to address
– Information Sharing
– Coordination of Research Agendas
– Gap Analysis
– Funding
– Standards
– Coordination with Private Sector
– International Cooperation
– Privacy Policy


Subcommittee on Biometrics Participants
• OSTP* • DOJ • DOD
– BOP – BMO
• DHS* – FBI – ONR
– CIS
– CBP – JMD
– NIJ • DOT
– OCR
– Privacy Office – US – FAA
– S&T Attorneys – Maritime
– TSA Administration
– USCG – NHTSA
• NSF
– USSS – OGC

• Treasury (IRS)
• DOC (NIST) • Intel Community
– CIA
• TSWG
• DOS – ITIC
– NSA
• GPO • OMB
* Co-chairs


Functions

• Enhances collaboration among Federal
agencies on Biometrics activities
• U.S. Government’s focal point and
clearinghouse for information on
biometrics research, technologies, and
technical/policy issues
• Supports the coordinated participation of
U.S. Government agencies in international
working groups on biometric technologies


Coordination Areas
Research and Development Research and Test Infrastructure
• Fingerprint Recognition • Test and Evaluation
• Face Recognition
• Iris Recognition
• Other/Novel
• Fusion

System Considerations Program Management Tools
• Human-System Interface • Social/Legal/Privacy

• Middleware • Communications
• Decision Support Tools
• Standards
• Solicitations


Interagency Working Group on Biometrics

Communications ICP
Duane Blackburn



“It ain't what you don't know
that gets you into trouble.
It's what you know for sure
that just ain't so.
- Mark Twain


“The government needs a dose of reality because its trust in the
[biometric] system is unfounded and doesn't match up with
experience.”
"...the Registered Traveler
“…biometric features…are program, and the
‘rarely used' to screen or biometric ID cards issued
verify the identity of a to those who enroll, could
foreign visitor, allowing in the future determine
imposters to use them with how someone makes a
little risk of detection.” purchase on credit, enters
an office building or arena,
turns on a cell phone or
“We're a long way boards a train."
from [biometrics]
becoming a reality.” “… the whole reliability of
biometrics is up in the air.”

“RFID tags … would allow the government to track the movement
of our cards and us…we may have no idea the scan is even
occurring…”

“Promoting a scientifically educated and
aware public is necessary if we are to
make the appropriate decisions about
the nation’s R&D investments, guide the
adoption and debate the societal
implications of new science and
technologies, and reap the
maximum benefits from our
investments. The quality of
these efforts underpins the
entire US scientific
enterprise.”
Science for the 21st Century
Executive Office of the President of the United States


Communications ICP
• Goals
– Consistent message and use of
terms from the US Government

– Scientifically educated and
aware public, press, and US
Government

• Approach
– Phase I: Foundation Documents
– Phase II: Outreach & Education


Phase I Approach
• Develop Foundation Documents
– Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
– Glossary of Terms
– Introductory Level Papers
– Social/Legal/Privacy Document
– Other US Government Public Reports

• Obtain NSTC Release

• Implement Foundation Documents
– Building Blocks for ICP Outreach Material
– Available as Public Reference
– Baseline for US Government
Biometrics Documents


Phase II Approach

• Short Courses & Educational
Presentations
Uses NSTC approved foundation
documents to develop focused
material, such as “courses” for
defined target audiences

• Engage in Outreach Activities
− Employees new to the area
− Outreach Staff
− External


BCC 2005 - NSTC

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