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His 101 chapter 8 the middle ages 800 1100 spring 2013

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The Middle Ages 800- 1300 C.E. Chapters 8-9 Challenges of Expansion and Consolidation of Western European Kingdoms and the Culture of Christendom
Bronze Age Beaker Culture 2800-1800 B.C.E. Common artifacts Common Burial Practices
Julius Caesar 1st Historian of Celts Historians disagree over the exact dimensions of the culture and the particularities of various tribes described by Caesar, Tacitus and other Roman historians
Celtic Coins 4th to 1st Century B.C.E. Influenced by trade with Macedonian Empire
Culture Tribal Militaristic Pagan Syncretism
Chaos, Conflict and Order: The Middle Ages 800- 1300
Charles Martel Charles de Steuben, Bataille de Poitiers En Octobre 782
Accomplishments • Defeated the Moors at the Battle of Tours (October 732) • Alliance with Benedictine Missionaries • Engaged with Papacy • Defeated Lombards
Charlemagne (742-814) (R. 768-814)
Plunder, Booty & Land Militarized state Conquests against Counts appointed to Lombards Coinage system Ruler of Christendom supervise new lands Kingly government is a sacred office designed by God to protect the church,defend Christians and promote salvation No kingdom can prosper if lives of its subjects are displeasing to God
Carolingian Reforms in the Church Controlled Bishops and Abbots Changed liturgy to more uniformity Prohibited pagan practices Imposed Holy Baptism on subjects
Carolingian Renaissance Classical learning is foundation of Christian wisdom Collating, correcting and copying Latin texts, including the Bible New style of handwriting Carolingian Miniscule Crowned Holy Roman Emperor on Christmas Day 800
Palatine Chapel at Charlemagne’s Palace at Aachen (Germany)
Interconnections between Byzantine, Islamic and Western European Kingdoms in 7th and 8th Centuries • Byzantium, Muslim Caliphates and Kingdoms of northwestern Europe developed their defining characteristics during the 6th and 7th centuries • Fruitful if uneasy relationships • Italian traders active in Constantinople • Muslim traders were common in Southern Italy • Anglo-Saxon merchants traded within the Mediterranean • Jewish merchants in Rhineland traded with Muslim communities in Egypt • Viking traders from Novgorod in Russia to Dublin
The Vikings 900-1100 Mid-twelfth century painting Of Danish Seamen
Viking Raiders • Vikings means “robbers” • Raided Europe and British Isles from the middle of the 9th century • Plunder- Silver and weapons • Ransom • Tribute collection • Slaving
Alfred the Great
England under Alfred the Great • Ruled from 871to 899 • Aelfraed (Old English: Elf Counsel) • Modeled his reign after Charlemagne • Reorganized Army • Founded new towns • Codified English laws • Established a court school • Fostered Anglo-Saxon writing • Wool trade English Coin c. 800 • By 1000, England was the most sophisticated administration in Europe
Otto the Great 962-973 Mathilda Cross c. 973 Commissioned by Otto The Great
Technological Advances • Heavy wheeled plow • Water mills • Windmills • Increased population • Urbanization • Market for goods
Peasants • Tied to the land • Strip farming • Tenants in kind • Three field system of crop rotation • Adaptable to climate • 2 growing seasons • Higher yields
Commerce Long distance trade controlled by Venetian, Pisan and Genoese navies Created expanding market for Eastern luxury goods Champagne Fairs
Town Specialization Paris and Bologna: universities Venice, Genoa, Cologne & London: long distance trade Milan, Florence, Ghent and Bruges: manufacturing centers
Universities Then and Now
The Guild System • Male dominated professional associations of craftsmen • Master craftsmen • Journeymen • Apprentice • Preserve monopolies and limit competition • Controlled prices • Wages • Methods of production • Masterpiece • Merchant guilds
Dukes of Saxony Exercised power from 917 – 962 Engaged in successful conquests of the Slavs 955 Otto I defeated the “pagan” Hungarians 962 Otto crowned Emperor of the West 964 Otto deposes John XII as Pope and installs own man Installs Bishops and Abbotts as defense against other Dukes

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His 101 chapter 8 the middle ages 800 1100 spring 2013

  • 1. The Middle Ages 800- 1300 C.E. Chapters 8-9 Challenges of Expansion and Consolidation of Western European Kingdoms and the Culture of Christendom
  • 2. Bronze Age Beaker Culture 2800-1800 B.C.E. Common artifacts Common Burial Practices
  • 3. Julius Caesar 1st Historian of Celts Historians disagree over the exact dimensions of the culture and the particularities of various tribes described by Caesar, Tacitus and other Roman historians
  • 4. Celtic Coins 4th to 1st Century B.C.E. Influenced by trade with Macedonian Empire
  • 6.
  • 7. Chaos, Conflict and Order: The Middle Ages 800- 1300
  • 8. Charles Martel Charles de Steuben, Bataille de Poitiers En Octobre 782
  • 9. Accomplishments • Defeated the Moors at the Battle of Tours (October 732) • Alliance with Benedictine Missionaries • Engaged with Papacy • Defeated Lombards
  • 10.
  • 11. Charlemagne (742-814) (R. 768-814)
  • 12.
  • 13. Plunder, Booty & Land Militarized state Conquests against Counts appointed to Lombards Coinage system Ruler of Christendom supervise new lands Kingly government is a sacred office designed by God to protect the church,defend Christians and promote salvation No kingdom can prosper if lives of its subjects are displeasing to God
  • 14. Carolingian Reforms in the Church Controlled Bishops and Abbots Changed liturgy to more uniformity Prohibited pagan practices Imposed Holy Baptism on subjects
  • 15. Carolingian Renaissance Classical learning is foundation of Christian wisdom Collating, correcting and copying Latin texts, including the Bible New style of handwriting Carolingian Miniscule Crowned Holy Roman Emperor on Christmas Day 800
  • 16. Palatine Chapel at Charlemagne’s Palace at Aachen (Germany)
  • 17. Interconnections between Byzantine, Islamic and Western European Kingdoms in 7th and 8th Centuries • Byzantium, Muslim Caliphates and Kingdoms of northwestern Europe developed their defining characteristics during the 6th and 7th centuries • Fruitful if uneasy relationships • Italian traders active in Constantinople • Muslim traders were common in Southern Italy • Anglo-Saxon merchants traded within the Mediterranean • Jewish merchants in Rhineland traded with Muslim communities in Egypt • Viking traders from Novgorod in Russia to Dublin
  • 18. The Vikings 900-1100 Mid-twelfth century painting Of Danish Seamen
  • 19. Viking Raiders • Vikings means “robbers” • Raided Europe and British Isles from the middle of the 9th century • Plunder- Silver and weapons • Ransom • Tribute collection • Slaving
  • 21. England under Alfred the Great • Ruled from 871to 899 • Aelfraed (Old English: Elf Counsel) • Modeled his reign after Charlemagne • Reorganized Army • Founded new towns • Codified English laws • Established a court school • Fostered Anglo-Saxon writing • Wool trade English Coin c. 800 • By 1000, England was the most sophisticated administration in Europe
  • 22. Otto the Great 962-973 Mathilda Cross c. 973 Commissioned by Otto The Great
  • 23. Technological Advances • Heavy wheeled plow • Water mills • Windmills • Increased population • Urbanization • Market for goods
  • 24. Peasants • Tied to the land • Strip farming • Tenants in kind • Three field system of crop rotation • Adaptable to climate • 2 growing seasons • Higher yields
  • 25. Commerce Long distance trade controlled by Venetian, Pisan and Genoese navies Created expanding market for Eastern luxury goods Champagne Fairs
  • 26. Town Specialization Paris and Bologna: universities Venice, Genoa, Cologne & London: long distance trade Milan, Florence, Ghent and Bruges: manufacturing centers
  • 28. The Guild System • Male dominated professional associations of craftsmen • Master craftsmen • Journeymen • Apprentice • Preserve monopolies and limit competition • Controlled prices • Wages • Methods of production • Masterpiece • Merchant guilds
  • 29. Dukes of Saxony Exercised power from 917 – 962 Engaged in successful conquests of the Slavs 955 Otto I defeated the “pagan” Hungarians 962 Otto crowned Emperor of the West 964 Otto deposes John XII as Pope and installs own man Installs Bishops and Abbotts as defense against other Dukes