1. FEUDALISM & THE
CONSOLIDATION OF Chapter 9
EUROPE

2. FEUDALISM
Feudalism: A highly decentralized political system in which public powers of minting, justice,
Taxation and defense were vested in the hands of a private lord.

3. WHAT WAS THE RELATIONSHIP
BET WEEN FEUDALISM AND THE RISE
OF NATIONAL MONARCHIES?

4. Fief: contract in which someone granted
something of value to someone else in return for a
service
• Land grant implied subordination
• Vassal
• Lord
• Homage
Most developed and lasted the longest in France
• 10th and 11th centuries-minimal feudal pyramids
• 12th & 13th powerful lords insisted on pyramid structure
FEUDALISM 101

5. Lord
Land grant implied subordination
Vassal
Could grant land to subordinate
Vassals
Homage
Duty owed in return for Land Grant
Ceremonial or Military

6. William the
FEUDALISM AND THE RISE OF Conqueror
– Edward I
THE ENGLISH MONARCHY 1066 -
1307

7. FEUDALISM AND ADMINISTRATIVE
GOVERNMENT IN ENGLAND
 England
 Battle of Hastings 1066
 William the Conqueror (1066-1100)
 Normans—extensive grants of English land
 King
 Only the king could coin money
 National land tax
 Summon population to arms
 All landholders owed loyalty to crown

9. THE DOMESDAY BOOK 1085
Compiled by William to survey his English lands
Who owned the land before 1066.
Who owned the land at the time of Domesday in 1086.
How it changed hands.
What that land was worth, and what manors it was associated with.
How many peasants (called bordars and villani) tended that land.

10. HENRY I (1100-1135)
 Created the Exchequer
 Appointed sherif fs to supervise counties
 Traveling circuit judges
 Checked power of landowners and sheriffs

11. HENRY II (1154-1189)
 Henry II (1154-1189)
 Grandson of Henry I
 Ruled Normandy; Anjou; Aquitaine & England through
marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine
 Eleanor originally married to Louis VII of France
 Louis had marriage annulled when she failed to bear
him sons
 Eleanor received the land (her dowry) back
 Henry married her 8 weeks later and the lands of
Aquitaine went to Henry
 Expanded use of juries to determine facts in civil (not
criminal) cases
 Conflict with the Church
 Henry’s knights murder Thomas Becket Archbishop of
Canterbury in 1170 after he sides with the Church
against Henry
 Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer written in context
of pilgrimage to Canterbury

12. TOMBS OF HENRY II OF
ENGLAND & ELEANOR OF
AQUITAINE

13.  Richard I (aka Richard Lionheart) (R 1188-1199)
 3 rd Crusade
 Spent only 6 months in England During his reign
 Imprisoned in Germany and Ransomed by John I

14. JOHN I OF ENGLAND (R. 1199-1216)
 Taxes and fines on aristocracy and free artisans to
recover lands in France and ransom Richard I
 1214 failed military campaign in France
 1215 Runnymede, forced to sign Magna Carta

15.  Henry III (1216-1272)
 Perfected legal system ―English Common Law‖
 Taxed both Nobles and commoners in proportion to their
income

16. EDWARD I OF ENGLAND (R.
1272-1307)
 Parliament
 Assembly of nobles, clergy and townsmen
 Announce tax levies
 Hear judicial cases involving higher nobility
 Review local administration
 Hear complaints

18. FRANCE
• Centralized
Bureaucracy
• Protectors of
Popes
• King as
Feudal Lord

19.  Produced uninterrupted line of
sons for 300 years
France
 Long-lived
 Direct rule over Paris and
surrounding area
Capet Dynasty
 Rich agriculture
 Protectors of popes
 Patronized University of Paris
(Sorbonne)

20.  Louis VI (the Fat) (1108-1137)
 Consolidated control over land around Paris
 Louis VII (1137-1180)
 Incited rebellions by Henry II’s sons against
their father
 Kept Henry II from increasing power in France

21. Philip II (1179-1223)
 Philip II (1179-1223)
 Went on 3 rd Crusade with Richard Lionheart
 Built a wall around Paris before he left on Crusade
 Claimed homage from John in return for lands in
France (which John already owned as son of Henry)
 Confiscated lands
 Appointed royal officials with judicial, military and
administrative authority (no separation of powers)

22. Louis IX (Saint Louis) (1226-1270)
• Increased French
control of lands in
France
• Engaged in last
crusades
• Purchased Holy
Crown of Jesus
Christ from Baldwin
II of Constantinople
• Expelled all Jews
engaged in Usury
from France
• Instituted an
Inquisition
• Engaged in self-
flagellation

23. PHILIP IV (1285-1314)
• Wars against Flanders and
England
• Raised taxes on commoners but
not nobility who were exempt
from paying direct taxes to
crown
• Estates General
• Expelled all Jews from France
• Burned Grand Master of Knights
Templar at the stake

24. CENTRALIT Y OF CHURCH TO
POWER OF KING
INDEPENDENCE OF PRINCES
Germany
 Territories
 Switzerland
 Eastern France
 Belgium & Netherlands
 Northern Italy
 Relied heavily on cooperation with Church
 Church leaders frequently members of royal family
appointed by emperor
 Henry IV & Henry V (1056-1125)
 Conflicts with Dukes of Saxony & Pope Gregory VII
 Civil war
 Investiture
 Enabled German princes to rule ―principalities‖ with larger
independence than existed in France or England
 New Emperors must be elected from among the Princes
and approved by the Pope

25. INVESTITURE CONFLICT
 Pope Gregory VII (1073 -1085)
 Election violently supported by a mob of Romans
 Violated terms of Papal decree of 1059
 Caused friction between Pope and Henry IV
 Could a lay person appoint Bishops or Abbots?
 Gregory VII prohibited all clerics from accepting church
offices from a layman even if the layman was a king
 Henry IV refused to accept this and appointed a new
archbishop in Milan
 Gregory reminded Henry that Gregory was the successor
to St. Peter and Henry owed Gregory the same
obedience
 Gregory renounced his obedience to Gregory reminding
Gregory that his election as Pope violated the decree of
1059
 Gregory excommunicated Henry and called on his
subjects to rebel
 Saxon Nobility renewed their civil war
 Henry must humble himself at Canossa

26. WAX FUNERAL EFFIGY OF GREGORY
VII:
SALERNO CATHEDRAL