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World Clusters.org




American Clusters
open and free
geodemographic
classification of the United States
Tell me where you live
              and
I will tell you who you are
Geodemographics is the
analysis of people by where they
live (Sleight, 1996)




          Geodemographic classification categorizes
       neighborhoods based on their socio-economic
                       and lifestyle characteristics.
Project Purpose

To create open geodemographic classification of
                    USA
               and to find out
         Who Lives Where?
            in America
How we did that
Methodology
                  OPEN




The original methodology was developed and applied in
UK by Dr. Dan Vickers and described in his work “Multi-
level Integrated Classification Based on the 2001 Census”.
Dan Vickers is one of the ideologists of open
geodemographics.
The Process
                                                                                                                                  Variables
  Selection of cluster
                                                                                                                               standardization
  objects (operational                                          Variables selection                                                  and
   taxonomic units)
                                                                                                                               transformation




   Clustering method                                                                                                             Interpretation,
     selection and                                                                                                                 testing and
   number of clusters                                                    Clustering
                                                                                                                                   mapping of
      identification                                                                                                                  clusters


The classification building process was largely based on the methodology elaborated by Daniel Vickers in “Multi-level Integrated Classification Based on the 2001 Census (2006)”.
Other methodologies were also considered such as the methodology of building MOSAIC described in “Geodemographics, GIS and Neighborhood Targeting” R. Harris, P. Sleight, R.
Webber, Wiley (2005)
Classification Inputs




          208,000 Census block
          groups of all 50 states
          281,000,000 Population
          106,000,000 Households
Data selection
US Census 2000 was the major source of data.

Initially 77 variables were chosen from the census
results including:
•   Demographic variables
•   Household composition variables
•   Housing variables
•   Socio-economic variables
•   Employment variables

Than after selection procedures the number of
variables was reduced to 47. Only necessary
variables were left.
Variables standardization
         and transformation

                             Black %           Black LOG       Black RANGE

To prepare the data for                 5.13
                                       10.91
                                                        1.81
                                                        2.48
                                                                          0.39
                                                                          0.54
                                       70.13            4.26              0.92
clustering process all                 54.49
                                       12.92
                                                        4.02
                                                        2.63
                                                                          0.87
                                                                          0.57

variables were                         19.69
                                        0.84
                                                        3.03
                                                        0.61
                                                                          0.66
                                                                          0.13

transformed with LOG                    3.24
                                        1.42
                                                        1.44
                                                        0.88
                                                                          0.31
                                                                          0.19

transformation and than
                                        5.47            1.87              0.40
                                        2.37            1.21              0.26
                                        7.90            2.19              0.47
standardized with                       9.39
                                       26.46
                                                        2.34
                                                        3.31
                                                                          0.51
                                                                          0.72

Range standardization                  12.97
                                        4.74
                                                        2.64
                                                        1.75
                                                                          0.57
                                                                          0.38
                                       11.46            2.52              0.55
                                       23.52            3.20              0.69
                                       23.04            3.18              0.69
                                        1.81            1.03              0.22
                                        6.24            1.98              0.43
Clustering method used to create American
Clusters classification was K-means performed on
SPSS statistical software.

For more details please visit Worldclusters.org
Results   As the result 7 Cluster Groups and
          18 Clusters of US population were
                                  created...
...analyzed and
 What are these clusters?
                                                                     described,
Cluster 5.1- Upscale Couples                 Their incomes are two times higher than US average


                                 Significant share of these
                                 group members is self-
                                 employed




     “Upscale Couples” is a cluster of rich people with large
     share of men and women between 45 and 65 who live in
     suburban areas within the vicinity of large US cities.




                                                Those who work prefer to use personal
                                                vehicle to get to work, and majority of them
                                                leave home between 8-10am.
Established Suburbs       -102.6285330   32.1654975
Farmers Land              -102.3562640   32.2124634
Rural Communities          -94.8363123   31.4724425
Rural Despair              -94.7564420   31.4301544
Farmers Land               -94.8985396   31.4030498


                                                                      ...localized,
Established Suburbs        -94.8475584   31.3020540
Rural Despair              -94.6837118   31.4147995
Rural Despair              -94.6522500   31.3581925
City Hardship              -94.6829723   31.2785038
City Hardship              -94.7696895   31.3842840
City Hardship              -94.7943261   31.3240403
Small Town Communities     -94.7792894   31.2738833
Hispanic Families          -94.7510420   31.3553067
Hispanic Families
City Hardship
Hispanic Families
                           -94.7592193
                           -94.7403384
                           -94.7381225
                                         31.3395956
                                         31.3334239
                                         31.3423508
                                                         Each of more than 200,000
Low Income Families
Low Income Families
Low Income Families
                           -94.7179991
                           -94.7436307
                           -94.7360812
                                         31.3710621
                                         31.3736409
                                         31.3535392
                                                         census block groups got its
Low Income Families
City Hardship
Hispanic Families
                           -94.7281570
                           -94.7023989
                           -94.7128960
                                         31.3516489
                                         31.3621403
                                         31.3473770
                                                         cluster name
Low Income Families        -94.6865400   31.3477197


                                                         Than geographic database
Low Income Families        -94.6932417   31.3367904
Low Income Families        -94.7232046   31.3442907
Hispanic Families          -94.7249025   31.3358594


                                                         with clusters and block
Hispanic Families          -94.7296931   31.3287078
City Hardship              -94.7136587   31.3321798
City Hardship              -94.6899128   31.3198240


                                                         groups centeroids (central
Low Income Families        -94.7173726   31.3199252
City Hardship              -94.7100043   31.3010418
Urban Seniors              -94.7663343   31.3105434


                                                         location) were compiled.
Urban Seniors              -94.7448799   31.3208204
City Hardship              -94.7335822   31.3151472
Big City Young Families    -94.7530592   31.3130350
Big City Young Families    -94.7279351   31.2826050
Rural Despair              -94.8128730   31.2039623
Farmers Land               -94.7059710   31.1656953
Hispanic Families          -94.7876714   31.1986856
Hispanic Families          -94.7745809   31.1911600
City Hardship              -94.7838829   31.1747675
Low Income Families        -94.8004652   31.1786933
Farmers Land               -94.5612445   31.3716545
Rural Despair
Unfortunate Countryside
Farmers Land
                           -94.6280698
                           -94.5817425
                           -94.4054250
                                         31.2628375
                                         31.2943508
                                         31.1304071
                                                      Free Census Block
Farmers Land
Rural Despair
Farmers Land
                           -94.2847736
                           -94.5545895
                           -94.4653725
                                         31.1540887
                                         31.2824555
                                         31.2744261
                                                      Groups Boundary Files by
Rural Despair              -94.5528263   31.1397742
Farmers Land               -96.9032449   28.1776118
...and
mapped
How American
Clusters
can be applied?
Non-for-Profit   Applications of Geodemographic
Applications                      Classifications

                                   Public Sector
                                     Health Care
                                       Education
                                  Local Authority
                                          Policing
                                       Academic
                               Poverty Prevention
                                         Charities
                                    Fund Raising
                                      Community
                                    Development
Applications of Geodemographic
Commercial
                                         Classifications
Applications

 Market Research
 Site Selection
 Trade Area Analysis
 Direct Marketing
 Advertising
 Management
 Media Analysis
 Elections
 Marketing Strategy
 Development
 and more
So, tell me where you live
 and
I will tell you who you are... :-)
American Clusters is the part of ongoing
open geodemographics project
World Clusters.org


                            We welcome any
                       suggestions, concerns,
                        comments and ideas.
                         Contributors are also
                                       invited

                            World Clusters.org
Image sources

                                                                  http://www.flickr.com/photos/biggreymare/2739140044/sizes/l/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/paraflyer/2365116301/sizes/o/in/
set-72157604097295405/
                                                                  http://www.flickr.com/photos/asthenia/1312722393/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/aquistbe/291880377/in/
                                                                  http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikereys/1670425335/
set-72157594472299025/
                                                                  http://www.flickr.com/photos/lindenbaum/317305900/in/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/frankphotos/129416669/ f
                                                                  set-72157594481060620/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/chrisschoenbohm/4315383328/sizes/l/   http://www.flickr.com/photos/koshalek/3611757158/in/photostream/
NEW YORK
                                                                  http://www.flickr.com/photos/seadave/495002775/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/nycarthur/207146007/in/set-470796/
                                                                  http://www.flickr.com/photos/loungerie/3029049309/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/nycarthur/206413799/in/set-470796/    http://www.flickr.com/photos/joao_trindade/4362414729/in/
                                                                  photostream/?addedcomment=1#comment72157623658100227
http://www.flickr.com/photos/yourdon/3319429776/
                                                                  http://www.flickr.com/photos/ndevil/3491395689/sizes/o/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/editor/113737996/sizes/m/
                                                                  http://www.flickr.com/photos/tattoodjay/4151759270/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ori/3165813156/sizes/m/
                                                                  http://www.flickr.com/photos/zheem/2153364862/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/sharkbait/2459712888/                 http://www.flickr.com/photos/watz/2902791328/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnwilliamsphd/4470080571/           http://spotcrime.com/fl/tampa

                                                                  http://www.flickr.com/photos/87765855@N00/3105128025/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/audreyrobowen/4496996098/
                                                                  http://www.flickr.com/photos/ezu/297634534/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/sshb/2912708983/sizes/l/

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American Clusters Geodemographic Classification

  • 3. Tell me where you live and I will tell you who you are
  • 4. Geodemographics is the analysis of people by where they live (Sleight, 1996) Geodemographic classification categorizes neighborhoods based on their socio-economic and lifestyle characteristics.
  • 5. Project Purpose To create open geodemographic classification of USA and to find out Who Lives Where? in America
  • 6. How we did that Methodology OPEN The original methodology was developed and applied in UK by Dr. Dan Vickers and described in his work “Multi- level Integrated Classification Based on the 2001 Census”. Dan Vickers is one of the ideologists of open geodemographics.
  • 7. The Process Variables Selection of cluster standardization objects (operational Variables selection and taxonomic units) transformation Clustering method Interpretation, selection and testing and number of clusters Clustering mapping of identification clusters The classification building process was largely based on the methodology elaborated by Daniel Vickers in “Multi-level Integrated Classification Based on the 2001 Census (2006)”. Other methodologies were also considered such as the methodology of building MOSAIC described in “Geodemographics, GIS and Neighborhood Targeting” R. Harris, P. Sleight, R. Webber, Wiley (2005)
  • 8. Classification Inputs 208,000 Census block groups of all 50 states 281,000,000 Population 106,000,000 Households
  • 9. Data selection US Census 2000 was the major source of data. Initially 77 variables were chosen from the census results including: • Demographic variables • Household composition variables • Housing variables • Socio-economic variables • Employment variables Than after selection procedures the number of variables was reduced to 47. Only necessary variables were left.
  • 10. Variables standardization and transformation Black % Black LOG Black RANGE To prepare the data for 5.13 10.91 1.81 2.48 0.39 0.54 70.13 4.26 0.92 clustering process all 54.49 12.92 4.02 2.63 0.87 0.57 variables were 19.69 0.84 3.03 0.61 0.66 0.13 transformed with LOG 3.24 1.42 1.44 0.88 0.31 0.19 transformation and than 5.47 1.87 0.40 2.37 1.21 0.26 7.90 2.19 0.47 standardized with 9.39 26.46 2.34 3.31 0.51 0.72 Range standardization 12.97 4.74 2.64 1.75 0.57 0.38 11.46 2.52 0.55 23.52 3.20 0.69 23.04 3.18 0.69 1.81 1.03 0.22 6.24 1.98 0.43
  • 11. Clustering method used to create American Clusters classification was K-means performed on SPSS statistical software. For more details please visit Worldclusters.org
  • 12. Results As the result 7 Cluster Groups and 18 Clusters of US population were created...
  • 13. ...analyzed and What are these clusters? described, Cluster 5.1- Upscale Couples Their incomes are two times higher than US average Significant share of these group members is self- employed “Upscale Couples” is a cluster of rich people with large share of men and women between 45 and 65 who live in suburban areas within the vicinity of large US cities. Those who work prefer to use personal vehicle to get to work, and majority of them leave home between 8-10am.
  • 14. Established Suburbs -102.6285330 32.1654975 Farmers Land -102.3562640 32.2124634 Rural Communities -94.8363123 31.4724425 Rural Despair -94.7564420 31.4301544 Farmers Land -94.8985396 31.4030498 ...localized, Established Suburbs -94.8475584 31.3020540 Rural Despair -94.6837118 31.4147995 Rural Despair -94.6522500 31.3581925 City Hardship -94.6829723 31.2785038 City Hardship -94.7696895 31.3842840 City Hardship -94.7943261 31.3240403 Small Town Communities -94.7792894 31.2738833 Hispanic Families -94.7510420 31.3553067 Hispanic Families City Hardship Hispanic Families -94.7592193 -94.7403384 -94.7381225 31.3395956 31.3334239 31.3423508 Each of more than 200,000 Low Income Families Low Income Families Low Income Families -94.7179991 -94.7436307 -94.7360812 31.3710621 31.3736409 31.3535392 census block groups got its Low Income Families City Hardship Hispanic Families -94.7281570 -94.7023989 -94.7128960 31.3516489 31.3621403 31.3473770 cluster name Low Income Families -94.6865400 31.3477197 Than geographic database Low Income Families -94.6932417 31.3367904 Low Income Families -94.7232046 31.3442907 Hispanic Families -94.7249025 31.3358594 with clusters and block Hispanic Families -94.7296931 31.3287078 City Hardship -94.7136587 31.3321798 City Hardship -94.6899128 31.3198240 groups centeroids (central Low Income Families -94.7173726 31.3199252 City Hardship -94.7100043 31.3010418 Urban Seniors -94.7663343 31.3105434 location) were compiled. Urban Seniors -94.7448799 31.3208204 City Hardship -94.7335822 31.3151472 Big City Young Families -94.7530592 31.3130350 Big City Young Families -94.7279351 31.2826050 Rural Despair -94.8128730 31.2039623 Farmers Land -94.7059710 31.1656953 Hispanic Families -94.7876714 31.1986856 Hispanic Families -94.7745809 31.1911600 City Hardship -94.7838829 31.1747675 Low Income Families -94.8004652 31.1786933 Farmers Land -94.5612445 31.3716545 Rural Despair Unfortunate Countryside Farmers Land -94.6280698 -94.5817425 -94.4054250 31.2628375 31.2943508 31.1304071 Free Census Block Farmers Land Rural Despair Farmers Land -94.2847736 -94.5545895 -94.4653725 31.1540887 31.2824555 31.2744261 Groups Boundary Files by Rural Despair -94.5528263 31.1397742 Farmers Land -96.9032449 28.1776118
  • 17. Non-for-Profit Applications of Geodemographic Applications Classifications Public Sector Health Care Education Local Authority Policing Academic Poverty Prevention Charities Fund Raising Community Development
  • 18. Applications of Geodemographic Commercial Classifications Applications Market Research Site Selection Trade Area Analysis Direct Marketing Advertising Management Media Analysis Elections Marketing Strategy Development and more
  • 19. So, tell me where you live and I will tell you who you are... :-)
  • 20. American Clusters is the part of ongoing open geodemographics project World Clusters.org We welcome any suggestions, concerns, comments and ideas. Contributors are also invited World Clusters.org
  • 21. Image sources http://www.flickr.com/photos/biggreymare/2739140044/sizes/l/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/paraflyer/2365116301/sizes/o/in/ set-72157604097295405/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/asthenia/1312722393/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/aquistbe/291880377/in/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikereys/1670425335/ set-72157594472299025/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/lindenbaum/317305900/in/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/frankphotos/129416669/ f set-72157594481060620/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/chrisschoenbohm/4315383328/sizes/l/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/koshalek/3611757158/in/photostream/ NEW YORK http://www.flickr.com/photos/seadave/495002775/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/nycarthur/207146007/in/set-470796/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/loungerie/3029049309/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/nycarthur/206413799/in/set-470796/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/joao_trindade/4362414729/in/ photostream/?addedcomment=1#comment72157623658100227 http://www.flickr.com/photos/yourdon/3319429776/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/ndevil/3491395689/sizes/o/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/editor/113737996/sizes/m/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/tattoodjay/4151759270/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/ori/3165813156/sizes/m/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/zheem/2153364862/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/sharkbait/2459712888/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/watz/2902791328/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnwilliamsphd/4470080571/ http://spotcrime.com/fl/tampa http://www.flickr.com/photos/87765855@N00/3105128025/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/audreyrobowen/4496996098/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/ezu/297634534/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/sshb/2912708983/sizes/l/

Notas del editor